{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T01:39:34Z","timestamp":1785807574870,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,24]],"date-time":"2016-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479945600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals","award":["not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["not applicable"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-016-0762-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]],"date-time":"2016-11-23T20:04:37Z","timestamp":1479931477000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A regional consensus recommendation on brain atrophy as an outcome measure in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7111-0480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raed","family":"Alroughani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Deleu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"El Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasem","family":"Al-Hashel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. John","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Assem","family":"Abdelrazek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Aljishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaber","family":"Alkhaboori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Al Azri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahida","family":"Al Zadjali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majed","family":"Hbahbih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tag Eldin","family":"Sokrab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c0lex","family":"Rovira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"762_CR1","unstructured":"Prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis. https:\/\/www.mstrust.org.uk\/a-z\/prevalence-and-incidence-multiple-sclerosis . Accessed on 30 Apr 2016."},{"key":"762_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1159\/000431042","volume":"44","author":"P Heydarpour","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heydarpour P, Khoshkish S, Abtahi S, Moradi-Lakeh M, Ali SM. Multiple Sclerosis Epidemiology in Middle East and North Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuroepidemiology. 2015;44:232\u201344.","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"762_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08220-X","volume":"359","author":"A Compston","year":"2002","unstructured":"Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 2002;359:1221\u201331.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"762_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2010.09.005","volume":"93","author":"R Dutta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dutta R, Trapp BD. Mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction and degeneration in multiple sclerosis. Prog Neurobiol. 2011;93:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"762_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e24136","volume":"74","author":"N Stefano De","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Stefano N, Giorgio BM, et al. Assessing brain atrophy rates in a large population of untreated multiple sclerosis subtypes. Neurology. 2010;74:1868\u201376.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"762_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0909494","volume":"362","author":"L Kappos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kappos L, Radue EW, O\u2019Connor P, et al. A placebo controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:387\u2013401.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"762_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907839","volume":"362","author":"JA Cohen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cohen JA, Barkhof F, Comi G, et al. Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:402\u201315.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"762_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70049-3","volume":"13","author":"PA Calabresi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Calabresi PA, Radue EW, Goodin D, et al. Safety and efficacy of fingolimod in patients with relapsing\u2013remitting multiple sclerosis (FREEDOMS II): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13:545\u201356.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"762_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1040","volume":"17","author":"SM Smith","year":"2002","unstructured":"Smith SM, Zhang Y, Jenkinson M, et al. Accurate, robust, and automated, longitudinal and cross-sectional brain change analysis. NeuroImage. 2002;17:479\u201389.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"762_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2009.01221.x","volume":"122","author":"MA Sahraian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sahraian MA, Radue E-W, Haller S, Kappos L. Black holes in multiple sclerosis: definition, evolution, and clinical correlations. Acta Neurol Scand. 2010;122:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"762_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70003-0","volume":"11","author":"M Filippi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Filippi M, Rocca MA, Barkhof F, et al. Association between pathological and MRI findings in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11:349\u201360.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"762_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513482387","volume":"19","author":"M Filippi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Filippi M, Rocca M. Preventing brain atrophy should be the gold standard of effective therapy in MS (after the first year of treatment). Mult Scler. 2013;19:1005\u20136.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"3","key":"762_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21436","volume":"64","author":"E Fisher","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fisher E, Lee JC, Nakamura K, Rudick RA. Gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study. Ann Neurol. 2008;64(3):255\u201365.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"762_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.124123","volume":"79","author":"A Minneboo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Minneboo A, Jasperse B, Barkhof F, et al. Predicting short-term disability progression in early multiple sclerosis: added value of MRI parameters. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008;79(8):917\u2013233.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"762_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513478675","volume":"19","author":"RH Benedict","year":"2013","unstructured":"Benedict RH, Hulst HE, Bergsland N, et al. Clinical significance of atrophy and white matter mean diffusivity within the thalamus of multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler. 2013;19(11):1478\u201384.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"13","key":"762_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318212a8be","volume":"76","author":"MS Deloire","year":"2011","unstructured":"Deloire MS, Ruet A, Hamel D, Bonnet M, Dousset V, Brochet B. MRI predictors of cognitive outcome in early multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2011;76(13):1161\u20137.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"762_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.11.143","volume":"11","author":"M Calabrese","year":"2011","unstructured":"Calabrese M, Rinaldi F, Poretto V, Gallo P. The puzzle of multiple sclerosis: gray matter finds its place. Expert Rev Neurother. 2011;11:1565\u20138.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"issue":"12","key":"762_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6091-0","volume":"258","author":"\u00d6 Yaldizli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yaldizli \u00d6, Glassl S, Sturm D, Papadopoulou A, Gass A, Tettenborn B. Fatigue and progression of corpus callosum atrophy in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2011;258(12):2199\u2013205.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"762_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306906","volume":"85","author":"C Jacobsen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jacobsen C, Hagemeier J, Myhr KM, et al. Brain atrophy and disability progression in multiple sclerosis patients: a 10-year follow-up study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014;85(10):1109\u201315.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"20","key":"762_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000435551.90824.d0","volume":"81","author":"M1 Filippi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Filippi M1, Preziosa P, Copetti M, et al. Gray matter damage predicts the accumulation of disability 13 years later in MS. Neurology. 2013;81(20):1759\u201367.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"762_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304094","volume":"84","author":"V Popescu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Popescu V, Agosta F, Hulst HE, et al. Brain atrophy and lesion load predict long term disability in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2013;84:1082\u201391.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"762_CR22","first-page":"1327","volume":"23","author":"Y Ge","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ge Y, Grossman RI, Babb JS, Rabin ML, Mannon LJ, Kolson DL. Age-related total gray matter and white matter changes in normal adult brain. Part I: volumetric MR imaging analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2002;23(8):1327\u201333.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"762_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21334","volume":"33","author":"AM Hedman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hedman AM, van Haren NEM, Schnack HG, Kahn RS, Hulshoff Pol HE. Human brain changes across the life span: a review of 56 longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging studies. Hum Brain Mapp. 2012;33:1987\u20132002.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"7","key":"762_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh032","volume":"14","author":"DH Salat","year":"2004","unstructured":"Salat DH, Buckner RL, Snyder AZ, Greve DN, Desikan RS, Busa E, Morris JC, Dale AM, Fischl B. Thinning of the cerebral cortex in aging. Cereb Cortex. 2004;14(7):721\u201330.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"9","key":"762_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm244","volume":"18","author":"K Im","year":"2008","unstructured":"Im K, Lee JM, Lyttelton O, Kim SH, Evans AC, Kim SI. Brain size and cortical structure in the adult human brain. Cereb Cortex. 2008;18(9):2181\u201391.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"4","key":"762_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.02.050","volume":"41","author":"GS1 Pell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pell GS1, Briellmann RS, Chan CH, Pardoe H, Abbott DF, Jackson GD. Selection of the control group for VBM analysis: influence of covariates, matching and sample size. NeuroImage. 2008;41(4):1324\u201335.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"762_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.025","volume":"53","author":"J Barnes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barnes J, Ridgway GR. Bartlett, etal. Head size, age and gender adjustment in MRI studies: a necessary nuisance? NeuroImage. 2010;53:1244\u201355.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"762_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285613484079","volume":"6","author":"A Rovira","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rovira A, Auger C, Alonso J. Magnetic resonance monitoring of lesion evolution in multiple sclerosis. Ther AdvNeurol Disord. 2013;6:298\u2013310.","journal-title":"Ther AdvNeurol Disord"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"762_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-1009-1","volume":"255","author":"R Zivadinov","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zivadinov R, Stosic M, Cox JL, Ramasamy DP, Dwyer MG. The place of conventional MRI and newly emerging MRI techniques in monitoring different aspects of treatment outcome. J Neurol. 2008;255 Suppl 1:61\u201374.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"762_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-014-0140-z","volume":"28","author":"N Stefano De","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Stefano N, Airas L, Grigoriadis N, et al. Clinical relevance of brain volume measures in multiple sclerosis. CNS Drugs. 2014;28:147\u201356.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"762_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziemssen T, Derfuss T, De Stefano N, et al. Optimizing treatment success in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2015;24.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7986-y"},{"issue":"1","key":"762_CR32","first-page":"93","volume":"87","author":"N Stefano De","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Stefano N, Stromillo ML, Giorgio A, et al. Establishing pathological cut-offs of brain atrophy rates in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2016;87(1):93\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"762_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1177\/135245850000600601","volume":"6","author":"RA Rudick","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rudick RA, Fisher E, Lee JC, Duda JT, Simon J. Brain atrophy in relapsing multiple sclerosis: relationship to relapses, EDSS, and treatment with interferon beta-1a. Mult Scler. 2000;6:365\u201372.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"762_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000237994.95410.ce","volume":"67","author":"L Kappos","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kappos L, Traboulsee A, Constantinescu C, et al. Long-term subcutaneous interferon beta-1a therapy in patients with relapsing\u2013remitting MS. Neurology. 2006;67:944\u201353.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"762_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rovaris M, Comi G, Rocca MA et al. Long-term follow-up of patients treated with glatiramer acetate: a multicenter, multinational extension of the European\/Canadian double-blind, placebo-controlled, MRI-monitored trial. Mult Scler. 2007;13:502\u20138.","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458506070704"},{"key":"762_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Comi G, Cohen JA, Arnold DL, et al. Phase III dose comparison study of glatiramer 36. acetate for multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2011;69:75\u201382.","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22316"},{"key":"762_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70200-X","volume":"7","author":"DD Mikol","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mikol DD, Barkhof F, Chang P, et al. Comparison of subcutaneous interferon beta-1a with glatiramer acetate in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (the REbif vs Glatiramer Acetate in Relapsing MS Disease [REGARD] study): a multicenter, randomized, parallel, open-label trial. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7:903\u201314.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"762_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70226-1","volume":"8","author":"P O\u2019Connor","year":"2009","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor P, Filippi M, Arnason B, et al. 250 microg or 500 microg interferon beta-1b versus 20\u00a0mg glatiramer acetate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a prospective, randomized, multicenter study. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8:889\u201397.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"762_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23863","volume":"73","author":"FD Lublin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lublin FD, Cofield SS, Cutter GR, et al. Randomized study combining interferon and glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis: the CombiRx Study. Ann Neurol. 2013;73:327\u201340.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"762_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000260064.77700.fd","volume":"68","author":"DH Miller","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miller DH, Soon D, Fernando KT, et al. MRI outcomes in a placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab in relapsing MS. Neurology. 2007;68:1390\u2013401.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"762_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.02.012","volume":"292","author":"E-W Radue","year":"2010","unstructured":"Radue E-W, Stuart WH, Calabresi PA, et al. Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1a reduces lesion formation in relapsing multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci. 2010;292:28\u201335.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"762_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1014656","volume":"365","author":"P O\u2019Connor","year":"2011","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor P, Wolinsky JS, Confavreux C, et al. Randomized trial of oral teriflunomide for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:1293\u2013303.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"762_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7412-x","volume":"261","author":"DL Arnold","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arnold DL, Gold R, Kappos L, et al. Effects of delayed release dimethyl fumarate on MRI measures in the Phase 3 DEFINE study. J Neurol. 2014;261:1794\u2013802.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"762_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001360","volume":"84","author":"DH Miller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Miller DH, Fox RJ, Phillips JT, et al. Effects of delayed release dimethyl fumarate on MRI measures in the phase 3 CONFIRM study. Neurology. 2015;84:1145\u201352.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"762_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61769-3","volume":"380","author":"JA Cohen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cohen JA, Coles AJ, Arnold DL, et al. Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta 1a as first-line treatment for patients with relapsing\u2013remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2012;380:1819\u201328.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"762_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61768-1","volume":"380","author":"AJ Coles","year":"2012","unstructured":"Coles AJ, Twyman CL, Arnold DL, et al. Alemtuzumab for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis after disease modifying therapy: a randomized controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2012;380:1829\u201339.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"762_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1104318","volume":"366","author":"G Comi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Comi G, Jeffery D, Kappos L, et al. Placebo-controlled trial of oral laquinimod for multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1000\u20139.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"762_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7264-4","volume":"261","author":"TL Vollmer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vollmer TL, Sorensen PS, Selmaj K, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled phase III trial of oral laquinimod for multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2014;261:773\u201383.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"15","key":"762_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1501481","volume":"373","author":"L Kappos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kappos L, Wiendl H, Selmaj K, et al. Daclizumab HYP versus Interferon Beta-1a in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(15):1418\u201328.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"762_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17271-1","volume":"364","author":"M Filippi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Filippi M, Rovaris M, Inglese M, et al. Interferon beta-1a for brain tissue loss in patients at presentation with syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2004;364:1489\u201396.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"762_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61194-5","volume":"370","author":"L Kappos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kappos L, Freedman MS, Polman CH, et al. Effect of early versus delayed interferon beta-1b treatment on disability after a first clinical event suggestive of multiple sclerosis: a 3-year follow-up analysis of the BENEFIT study. Lancet. 2007;370:389\u201397.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"762_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458506070823","volume":"12","author":"JH Simon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Simon JH. Brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: what we know and would like to know. Mult Scler. 2006;12(6):679\u201387.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"2","key":"762_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000316810.01120.05","volume":"71","author":"R Zivadinov","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zivadinov R, Reder AT, Filippi M, et al. Mechanisms of action of disease-modifying agents and brain volume changes in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2008;71(2):136\u201344.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"762_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70237-6","volume":"8","author":"L Kappos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kappos L, Freedman MS, Polman CH, et al. Long-term effect of early treatment with interferon beta-1b after a first clinical event suggestive of multiple sclerosis: 5-year active treatment extension of the phase 3 BENEFIT trial. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8:987\u201397.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"762_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2015.04.006","volume":"4","author":"G Giovannoni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Giovannoni G, Turner B, Gnanapavan S, Offiah C, Schmierer K, Marta M. Is it time to target no evident disease activity (NEDA) in multiple sclerosis? Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2015;4:329\u201333.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"762_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.3537","volume":"72","author":"DL Rotstein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rotstein DL, Healy BC, Malik MT, Chitnis T, Weiner HL. Evaluation of no evidence of disease activity in a 7-year longitudinal multiple sclerosis cohort. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72:152\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"762_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kappos L, De Stefano N, Freedman MS, et al. Inclusion of brain volume loss in a revised measure of \u2018no evidence of disease activity\u2019 (NEDA-4) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2015. [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515616701"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-016-0762-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-016-0762-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-016-0762-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,15]],"date-time":"2019-09-15T18:37:21Z","timestamp":1568572641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12883-016-0762-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,24]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["762"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-016-0762-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,24]]},"article-number":"240"}}