{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T07:04:18Z","timestamp":1773903858205,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81301093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81301093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-019-1384-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T08:02:50Z","timestamp":1563523370000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Myasthenic crisis treated in a Chinese neurological intensive care unit: clinical features, mortality, outcomes, and predictors of survival"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Fan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4290-7404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1384_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000254620.45529.97","volume":"68","author":"F Deymeer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Deymeer F, Gungor-Tuncer O, Yilmaz V, Parman Y, Serdaroglu P, Ozdemir C, Vincent A, Saruhan-Direskeneli G. Clinical comparison of anti-MuSK- vs anti-AChR-positive and seronegative myasthenia gravis. Neurology. 2007;68(8):609\u201311.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1384_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.04.045","volume":"261","author":"A Jani-Acsadi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jani-Acsadi A, Lisak RP. Myasthenic crisis: guidelines for prevention and treatment. J Neurol Sci. 2007;261(1\u20132):127\u201333.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1384_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.5.1253","volume":"48","author":"CE Thomas","year":"1997","unstructured":"Thomas CE, Mayer SA, Gungor Y, Swarup R, Webster EA, Chang I, Brannagan TH, Fink ME, Rowland LP. Myasthenic crisis: clinical features, mortality, complications, and risk factors for prolonged intubation. Neurology. 1997;48(5):1253\u201360.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1384_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10095","volume":"26","author":"JC Keesey","year":"2002","unstructured":"Keesey JC. \"crisis\" in myasthenia gravis: an historical perspective. Muscle Nerve. 2002;26(1):1\u20133.","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"2","key":"1384_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcn152","volume":"102","author":"A Chaudhuri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chaudhuri A, Behan PO. Myasthenic crisis. QJM. 2009;102(2):97\u2013107.","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"1384_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1981.tb33765.x","volume":"377","author":"MS Cohen","year":"1981","unstructured":"Cohen MS, Younger D. Aspects of the natural history of myasthenia gravis: crisis and death. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1981;377:670\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"18","key":"1384_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181a41211","volume":"72","author":"A Alshekhlee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alshekhlee A, Miles JD, Katirji B, Preston DC, Kaminski HJ. Incidence and mortality rates of myasthenia gravis and myasthenic crisis in US hospitals. Neurology. 2009;72(18):1548\u201354.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1384_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.45.3.217","volume":"45","author":"IT Ferguson","year":"1982","unstructured":"Ferguson IT, Murphy RP, Lascelles RG. Ventilatory failure in myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1982;45(3):217\u201322.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1384_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.112466","volume":"16","author":"S Sharma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sharma S, Lal V, Prabhakar S, Agarwal R. Clinical profile and outcome of myasthenic crisis in a tertiary care hospital: a prospective study. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2013;16(2):203\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1384_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12115","volume":"21","author":"J Spillane","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spillane J, Hirsch NP, Kullmann DM, Taylor C, Howard RS. Myasthenia gravis--treatment of acute severe exacerbations in the intensive care unit results in a favourable long-term prognosis. Eur J Neurol. 2014;21(1):171\u20133.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1384_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e31815d4398","volume":"101","author":"EM Bershad","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bershad EM, Feen ES, Suarez JI. Myasthenia gravis crisis. South Med J. 2008;101(1):63\u20139.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"10","key":"1384_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-013-1329-5","volume":"34","author":"W Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang W, Chen YP, Wang ZK, Wei DN, Yin L. A cohort study on myasthenia gravis patients in China. Neurol Sci. 2013;34(10):1759\u201364.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"1384_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1254.054","volume":"998","author":"R Mantegazza","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mantegazza R, Baggi F, Antozzi C, Confalonieri P, Morandi L, Bernasconi P, Andreetta F, Simoncini O, Campanella A, Beghi E, et al. Myasthenia gravis (MG): epidemiological data and prognostic factors. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;998:413\u201323.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1384_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23445","volume":"46","author":"H Sakaguchi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sakaguchi H, Yamashita S, Hirano T, Nakajima M, Kimura E, Maeda Y, Uchino M. Myasthenic crisis patients who require intensive care unit management. Muscle Nerve. 2012;46(3):440\u20132.","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"10","key":"1384_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2005.12.041","volume":"13","author":"JS Bae","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bae JS, Go SM, Kim BJ. Clinical predictors of steroid-induced exacerbation in myasthenia gravis. J Clin Neurosci. 2006;13(10):1006\u201310.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1384_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02098.x","volume":"15","author":"M Tomiyama","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tomiyama M, Arai A, Kimura T, Suzuki C, Watanabe M, Kawarabayashi T, Shoji M. Exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis induced by anticholinesterase medications in myasthenia gravis. Eur J Neurol. 2008;15(5):e40\u20131.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"9A","key":"1384_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20130108","volume":"71","author":"DA Godoy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Godoy DA, Mello LJ, Masotti L, Di Napoli M. The myasthenic patient in crisis: an update of the management in Neurointensive care unit. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2013;71(9A):627\u201339.","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"1384_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1385\/NCC:3:3:189","volume":"3","author":"D Lacomis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lacomis D. Myasthenic crisis. Neurocrit Care. 2005;3(3):189\u201394.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"1384_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199103000-00012","volume":"34","author":"WC Plauche","year":"1991","unstructured":"Plauche WC. Myasthenia gravis in mothers and their newborns. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1991;34(1):82\u201399.","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1384_CR20","first-page":"597","volume":"58","author":"DR Gracey","year":"1983","unstructured":"Gracey DR, Divertie MB, Howard FM Jr. Mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure in myasthenia gravis. Two-year experience with 22 patients. Mayo Clin Proc. 1983;58(9):597\u2013602.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"4","key":"1384_CR21","first-page":"453","volume":"52","author":"S Panda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Panda S, Goyal V, Behari M, Singh S, Srivastava T. Myasthenic crisis: a retrospective study. Neurol India. 2004;52(4):453\u20136.","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"issue":"5","key":"1384_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.16.5.431","volume":"16","author":"VP Perlo","year":"1966","unstructured":"Perlo VP, Poskanzer DC, Schwab RS, Viets HR, Osserman KE, Genkins G. Myasthenia gravis: evaluation of treatment in 1,355 patients. Neurology. 1966;16(5):431\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1384_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2007.1","volume":"65","author":"J Seneviratne","year":"2008","unstructured":"Seneviratne J, Mandrekar J, Wijdicks EF, Rabinstein AA. Noninvasive ventilation in myasthenic crisis. Arch Neurol. 2008;65(1):54\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1384_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000033797.79530.16","volume":"59","author":"A Rabinstein","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rabinstein A, Wijdicks EF. BiPAP in acute respiratory failure due to myasthenic crisis may prevent intubation. Neurology. 2002;59(10):1647\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1384_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R136","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9192","volume":"14","author":"IC Kiphuth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kiphuth IC, Schellinger PD, Kohrmann M, Bardutzky J, Lucking H, Kloska S, Schwab S, Huttner HB. Predictors for good functional outcome after neurocritical care. Crit Care. 2010;14(4):R136.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"1384_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2011.03539.x","volume":"19","author":"M Cabrera Serrano","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cabrera Serrano M, Rabinstein AA. Usefulness of pulmonary function tests and blood gases in acute neuromuscular respiratory failure. Eur J Neurol. 2012;19(3):452\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"3-A","key":"1384_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2002000400001","volume":"60","author":"LC Werneck","year":"2002","unstructured":"Werneck LC, Scola RH, Germiniani FM, Comerlato EA, Cunha FM. Myasthenic crisis: report of 24 cases. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2002;60(3-A):519\u201326.","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1384_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.15050","volume":"53","author":"JM Murthy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Murthy JM, Meena AK, Chowdary GV, Naryanan JT. Myasthenic crisis: clinical features, complications and mortality. Neurol India. 2005;53(1):37\u201340 discussion 40.","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"1384_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2015.10.018","volume":"289","author":"CY Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee CY, Lam CL, Pang SY, Lau KK, Teo KC, Chang RS, Chan KH. Clinical outcome of generalized myasthenia gravis in Hong Kong Chinese. J Neuroimmunol. 2015;289:177\u201381.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1384_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.4103\/neuroindia.NI_804_16","volume":"65","author":"C Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu C, Wang Q, Qiu Z, Lin J, Chen B, Li Y, Gui M, Zhang M, Yang M, Wang W, et al. Analysis of mortality and related factors in 2195 adult myasthenia gravis patients in a 10-year follow-up study. Neurol India. 2017;65(3):518\u201324.","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"1384_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2006.07.003","volume":"36","author":"T Fraisse","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fraisse T, Labauge P, Camu W, Arlaud P, de Wazieres B. Myasthenia gravis in the elderly: diagnosis, comorbidity and course: 45 cases. Presse Med. 2007;36(1 Pt 1):9\u201314.","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1384_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12261","volume":"130","author":"S Hoffmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hoffmann S, Kohler S, Ziegler A, Meisel A. Glucocorticoids in myasthenia gravis - if, when, how, and how much? Acta Neurol Scand. 2014;130(4):211\u201321.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"7","key":"1384_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02634.x","volume":"16","author":"C Rozsa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rozsa C, Mikor A, Kasa K, Illes Z, Komoly S. Long-term effects of combined immunosuppressive treatment on myasthenic crisis. Eur J Neurol. 2009;16(7):796\u2013800.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-019-1384-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-019-1384-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-019-1384-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T19:10:14Z","timestamp":1595013014000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12883-019-1384-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1384"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-019-1384-5","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.109\/v4","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.109\/v3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.109\/v2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.109\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 November 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 June 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 July 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University. All participants provided written informed consent before being enrolled in the study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"As part of their written informed consent to participate in this study, subjects also consented to the publication of their anonymized data for research purposes.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"172"}}