{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T18:25:22Z","timestamp":1777141522507,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]],"date-time":"2019-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]],"date-time":"2019-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In the nineteenth century, Jean Martin Charcot explained functional neurological disorder (formerly called conversion disorder) as a \u201cpsychodynamic\u201d lesion. Numerous advances in neuroimaging have permitted identification of the neural underpinnings of this disorder.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Herein we describe a case of functional neurological disorder (FND) with initial left sensorimotor deficit, in-coordinated limb movements, neglect, clouded consciousness, slurred speech and a semiology of visual impairment. A single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed a right thalamic hypoperfusion, which is rather concordant with the initial semiology. Later, the semiology changed, presenting with a predominantly neurovisual complex presentation. The second SPECT showed no more thalamic abnormalities but an hypoperfusion in the right temporo-occipital junction, right inferior parietal lobe and left superior frontal lobe, which is also rather concordant with the changing semiology.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This case illustrates the evolving neuroimaging patterns of FND but also the concordance between semiology and neuroimaging findings in FND supporting Charcot's theory of \u201cdynamic lesion\u201d.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-019-1475-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]],"date-time":"2019-11-04T19:03:04Z","timestamp":1572894184000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Modification of both functional neurological symptoms and neuroimaging patterns with a good anatomoclinical concordance: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Silvio","family":"Galli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selma","family":"Aybek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Chokron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Moulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eloi","family":"Magnin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1475_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/13554794.2012.732081","volume":"20","author":"E Magnin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Magnin E, Thomas-Ant\u00e9rion C, Sylvestre G, Haffen S, Magnin-Feysot V, Rumbach L. Conversion, dissociative amnesia, and Ganser syndrome in a case of \u201cchameleon\u201d syndrome: Anatomo-functional findings. Neurocase. 2014;20(1):27\u201336.","journal-title":"Neurocase."},{"issue":"1","key":"1475_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(97)00020-6","volume":"64","author":"JC Marshall","year":"1997","unstructured":"Marshall JC, Halligan PW, Fink GR, Wade DT, Frackowiak RS. The functional anatomy of a hysterical paralysis. Cognition. 1997;64(1):B1\u20138.","journal-title":"Cognition."},{"issue":"2","key":"1475_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(94)00230-Z","volume":"37","author":"J Tiihonen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tiihonen J, Kuikka J, Viinam\u00e4ki H, Lehtonen J, Partanen J. Altered cerebral blood flow during hysterical paresthesia. Biol Psychiatry. 1995;37(2):134\u20135.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"issue":"04","key":"1475_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291703008985","volume":"34","author":"DJ Werring","year":"2004","unstructured":"Werring DJ, Weston L, Bullmore ET, Plant GT, Ron MA. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the cerebral response to visual stimulation in medically unexplained visual loss. Psychol Med. 2004;34(04):583\u20139.","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"1475_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304607","volume":"85","author":"C Daum","year":"2014","unstructured":"Daum C, Hubschmid M, Aybek S. The value of \u201cpositive\u201d clinical signs for weakness, sensory and gait disorders in conversion disorder: a systematic and narrative review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014;85(2):180\u201390.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry."},{"issue":"1","key":"1475_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-13-31","volume":"13","author":"C Daum","year":"2013","unstructured":"Daum C, Aybek S. Validity of the \u201cDrift without pronation\u201d sign in conversion disorder. BMC Neurol. 2013;13(1):1\u20133.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"1475_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2016.02.003","volume":"37","author":"G Baroni","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baroni G, Piccinini V, Martins WA, de Paola L, Paglioli E, Margis R, et al. Variables associated with co-existing epileptic and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a systematic review. Seizure. 2016;37:35\u201340.","journal-title":"Seizure."},{"issue":"4","key":"1475_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307381","volume":"86","author":"C Daum","year":"2015","unstructured":"Daum C, Gheorghita F, Spatola M, Stojanova V, Medlin F, Vingerhoets F, et al. Interobserver agreement and validity of bedside \u201cpositive signs\u201d for functional weakness, sensory and gait disorders in conversion disorder: a pilot study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2015;86(4):425\u201330.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry."},{"key":"1475_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.","edition":"5"},{"issue":"7523","key":"1475_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38628.466898.55","volume":"331","author":"J Stone","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stone J. Systematic review of misdiagnosis of conversion symptoms and \u201chysteria\u201d. BMJ. 2005;331(7523):989\u20130.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"3","key":"1475_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2010.09.002","volume":"47","author":"L De Witte","year":"2011","unstructured":"De Witte L, Brouns R, Kavadias D, Engelborghs S, De Deyn PP, Mari\u00ebn P. Cognitive, affective and behavioural disturbances following vascular thalamic lesions: A review. Cortex. 2011;47(3):273\u2013319.","journal-title":"Cortex."},{"issue":"6","key":"1475_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00867590","volume":"239","author":"TP Melo","year":"1992","unstructured":"Melo TP, Bogousslavsky J, Moulin T, Nader J, Regli F. Thalamic ataxia. J Neurol. 1992;239(6):331\u20137.","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"1475_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.01.014","volume":"13","author":"SJ Crutch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Crutch SJ, Schott JM, Rabinovici GD, Murray M, Snowden JS, van der Flier WM, et al. Consensus classification of posterior cortical atrophy. Alzheimers Dement. 2017;13(8):870\u201384.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"1475_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boeckle M, Liegl G, Jank R, Pieh C. Neural correlates of conversion disorder: overview and meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies on motor conversion disorder. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16(1):195\u2013210.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-0890-x"},{"issue":"3","key":"1475_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt008","volume":"136","author":"AE Schrag","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schrag AE, Mehta AR, Bhatia KP, Brown RJ, Frackowiak RSJ, Trimble MR, et al. The functional neuroimaging correlates of psychogenic versus organic dystonia. Brain. 2013;136(3):770\u201381.","journal-title":"Brain."},{"issue":"6","key":"1475_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.6.1077","volume":"124","author":"P Vuilleumier","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vuilleumier P, Chicherio C, Assal F, Schwartz S, Slosman D, Landis T. Functional neuroanatomical correlates of hysterical sensorimotor loss. Brain. 2001;124(6):1077\u201390.","journal-title":"Brain."},{"issue":"1","key":"1475_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.2842","volume":"71","author":"S Aybek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aybek S, Nicholson TR, Zelaya F, O\u2019Daly OG, Craig TJ, David AS, et al. Neural correlates of recall of life events in conversion disorder. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71(1):52\u201360.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry."},{"issue":"9","key":"1475_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.02.002","volume":"45","author":"F Delange","year":"2007","unstructured":"Delange F, Roelofs K, Toni I. Increased self-monitoring during imagined movements in conversion paralysis. Neuropsychologia. 2007;45(9):2051\u20138.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia."},{"issue":"5","key":"1475_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq054","volume":"133","author":"V Voon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Voon V, Brezing C, Gallea C, Ameli R, Roelofs K, LaFrance WC, et al. Emotional stimuli and motor conversion disorder. Brain. 2010;133(5):1526\u201336.","journal-title":"Brain."},{"issue":"3","key":"1475_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181ca00e9","volume":"74","author":"V Voon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Voon V, Gallea C, Hattori N, Bruno M, Ekanayake V, Hallett M. The involuntary nature of conversion disorder. Neurology. 2010;74(3):223\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"23","key":"1475_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2552","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1834","volume":"302","author":"A Saj","year":"2009","unstructured":"Saj A, Arzy S, Vuilleumier P. Functional Brain Imaging in a Woman With Spatial Neglect Due to Conversion Disorder. JAMA. 2009;302(23):2552\u20134.","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"4","key":"1475_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2014.01.003","volume":"44","author":"P. Vuilleumier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vuilleumier P. Brain circuits implicated in psychogenic paralysis in conversion disorders and hypnosis. Neurophysiol Clin Neurophysiol. 2014;44:323\u201337.","journal-title":"Neurophysiologie Clinique\/Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1475_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.199158","volume":"82","author":"V Bell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bell V, Oakley DA, Halligan PW, Deeley Q. Dissociation in hysteria and hypnosis: evidence from cognitive neuroscience. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2011;82(3):332\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry."},{"issue":"12","key":"1475_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.161.12.2271","volume":"161","author":"V \u015ear","year":"2004","unstructured":"\u015ear V, Aky\u00fcz G, Kundak\u00e7\u0131 T, K\u0131z\u0131ltan E, Do\u011fan O. Childhood trauma, dissociation, and psychiatric comorbidity in patients with conversion disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161(12):2271\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"2","key":"1475_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-302905","volume":"85","author":"SJ Van der Kruijs","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van der Kruijs SJ, Bodde NM, Carrette E, Lazeron RH, Vonck KE, Boon PA, et al. Neurophysiological correlates of dissociative symptoms. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014;85(2):174\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry."},{"key":"1475_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2006.12.017","volume":"156","author":"V \u015ear","year":"2007","unstructured":"\u015ear V, Seher U, Erdinc O. Frontal and occipital perfusion changes in dissociative identity disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimagin. 2007;156:217\u201323.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res Neuroimagin."},{"issue":"05","key":"1475_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1563580","volume":"35","author":"R Egan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Egan R, LaFrance W. Functional Vision Disorder. Semin Neurol. 2015;35(05):557\u201363.","journal-title":"Semin Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"1475_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.68.4.441","volume":"68","author":"DJ Werring","year":"2000","unstructured":"Werring DJ, Bullmore ET, Toosy AT, Miller DH, Barker GJ, MacManus DG, et al. Recovery from optic neuritis is associated with a change in the distribution of cerebral response to visual stimulation: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000;68(4):441\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry."},{"issue":"10","key":"1475_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr026","volume":"21","author":"MA Schoenfeld","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schoenfeld MA, Hassa T, Hopf J-M, Eulitz C, Schmidt R. Neural Correlates of Hysterical Blindness. Cereb Cortex. 2011;21(10):2394\u20138.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex."},{"key":"1475_CR30","volume-title":"How do the two visual streams interact with each other? Exp Brain Res","author":"AD Milner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Milner AD. How do the two visual streams interact with each other? Exp Brain Res; 2017."},{"key":"1475_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milner AD, Goodale MA. The visual brain in action. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006. (Oxford psychology series)","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198524724.001.0001"},{"issue":"1","key":"1475_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12731","volume":"1339","author":"L Pisella","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pisella L, Biotti D, Vighetto A. Combination of attentional and spatial working memory deficits in B\u00e1lint-Holmes syndrome: Attention versus spatiotemporal integration. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015;1339(1):165\u201375.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"1475_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02226765","volume":"21","author":"H Lissauer","year":"1890","unstructured":"Lissauer H. Ein Fall von Seelenblindheit nebst einem Beitrage zur Theorie derselben. Arch F\u00fcr Psychiatr Nervenkrankh. 1890;21(2):222\u201370.","journal-title":"Arch F\u00fcr Psychiatr Nervenkrankh."},{"issue":"3","key":"1475_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(97)00070-6","volume":"43","author":"J Foong","year":"1997","unstructured":"Foong J, Lucas PA, Ron MA. Interrogative suggestibility in patient with conversion disorders. J Psychosom Res. 1997;43(3):317\u201321.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"1475_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(87)90035-3","volume":"8","author":"GH Gudjonsson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gudjonsson GH. Historical background to suggestibility: How interrogative suggestibility differs from other types of suggestibility. Personal Individ Differ. 1987;8(3):347\u201355.","journal-title":"Personal Individ Differ."},{"key":"1475_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1159\/000475699","volume-title":"Neurologic-Psychiatric Syndromes in Focus-Part II. Karger Publishers","author":"S Galli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Galli S, Tatu L, Bogousslavsky J, Aybek S. Conversion, Factitious Disorder and Malingering: A Distinct Pattern or a Continuum? In:  Neurologic-Psychiatric Syndromes in Focus-Part II. Karger Publishers; 2018. p. 72\u201380."},{"issue":"4","key":"1475_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2012.670266","volume":"26","author":"DJ Williamson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Williamson DJ, Holsman M, Chaytor N, Miller JW, Drane DL. Abuse, not financial incentive, predicts non-credible cognitive performance in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. Clin Neuropsychol. 2012;26(4):588\u201398.","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol."}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-019-1475-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-019-1475-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-019-1475-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T00:21:36Z","timestamp":1604362896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12883-019-1475-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1475"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-019-1475-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 April 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 November 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and many accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of his journal.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"270"}}