{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T11:14:51Z","timestamp":1776942891923,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588204800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013995","name":"Sanofi Genzyme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Research is needed to examine differences in multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence by race-ethnicity. The goal of this study was to quantify MS prevalence in a health care system in Northern California and examine differences in prevalence and phenotype by race-ethnicity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective, observational cohort study of adults (2010\u20132016). MS prevalence estimates were standardised to distributions of gender and race-ethnicity for the underlying geographic region and stratified by gender and race-ethnicity with age adjustment. We performed a chart review of a racial-ethnic stratified sample of patients to examine disease phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>1,058,102 patients were identified, of which 3286 had MS. The overall direct-standardised prevalence was 288.0 cases per 100,000 population (95% confidence interval: 276.3\u2013299.8). Age-adjusted prevalence ranged from 677.0 per 100,000 among non-Hispanic black women to 49.7 per 100,000 among non-Hispanic Asian men. Non-Hispanic blacks compared with other groups more often had primary-progressive (10.0% vs. 0.0\u20134.0%) or progressive-relapsing MS (6.0% vs. 0.0\u20132.0%).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this Northern Californian Cohort, between 2010 and 2016 the direct-standardised MS prevalence was estimated at 288.0 per 100,000 population, and increased over time. Non-Hispanic blacks, especially women, were disproportionately affected and had less common, earlier progressive MS phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-01749-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T08:03:35Z","timestamp":1588233815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Multiple sclerosis in a multi-ethnic population from Northern California: a retrospective analysis, 2010\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Romanelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiwen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Lacy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lobat","family":"Hashemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alana","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alden","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"1749_CR1","unstructured":"Healthline. 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Neurol Sci. 2001;22:117\u201339.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"1749_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182918cc2","volume":"80","author":"A Langer-Gould","year":"2013","unstructured":"Langer-Gould A, Brara SM, Beaber BE, Zhang JL. Incidence of multiple sclerosis in multiple racial and ethnic groups. Neurology. 2013;80:1734\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"1749_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458516638746","volume":"23","author":"C Albor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Albor C, du Sautoy T, Kali Vanan N, Turner BP, Boomla K, Schmierer K. Ethnicity and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in East London. 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The rising prevalence and changing age distribution of multiple sclerosis in Manitoba. Neurology. 2010;74(6):465\u201371.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"3","key":"1749_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2017.301","volume":"45","author":"LH Al-Sakran","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Sakran LH, Marrie RA, Blackburn DF, Knox KB, Evans CD. Establishing the incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Saskatchewan. Can J Neurol Sci. 2018;45(3):295\u2013303.","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"1749_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1435","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005331","volume":"90","author":"DL Rotstein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rotstein DL, Chen H, Wilton AS, Kwong JC, Marrie RA, Gozdyra P, et al. Temporal trends in multiple sclerosis prevalence and incidence in a large population. 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Patient consent was not required due to the retrospective nature of the study and lack of patient interaction.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"RJR and QH are employees of Sutter Health, which received research funding from Sanofi Genzyme to conduct this work. JL is employed by the Palo Alto Foundation Medical Group of Sutter Health and has received speaker fees from EMD Serono and Sanofi. LH and AW are employees of Sanofi Genzyme. AS was an employee of Sanofi Genzyme at the time this work was conducted. Employees of Sanofi Genzyme were involved in the interpretation of study results.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"163"}}