{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:04:44Z","timestamp":1792800284225,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Lagos Central Research Committee grant","award":["2019\/05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/05"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05rk03822","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Perinatal asphyxia, more appropriately known as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), is a condition characterized by clinical and laboratory evidence of acute or sub-acute brain injury resulting from systemic hypoxemia and\/or reduced cerebral blood flow. HIE is a common and devastating clinical condition in resource-poor countries with poor treatment outcome. This paper describes the protocol for an ongoing study that aims to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Erythropoietin (EPO) as compared to routine care in the management of moderate to severe HIE among term infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial that will be conducted in the neonatal wards of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria, over a two-year period after ethical approvals and consents. One hundred and twenty-eight term newborns (\u2265 37\u2009weeks gestation) diagnosed with moderate\/ severe HIE at admission will be allocated by randomization to receive either EPO or normal saline. All the participants will be offered standard care according to the unit protocol for HIE. Baseline investigations and close monitoring of the babies are done until discharge. Participants are followed up for 2 years to monitor their outcome (death or neurological development) using standard instruments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous trials had shown that EPO confers neuroprotective benefits and improve neurological and behavioral outcome in infants with HIE both singly or as an adjuvant to therapeutic hypothermia. This study hypothesized that administering EPO to newborns with moderate \/severe HIE can positively influence their clinical and neurological outcomes and will provide evidence to either support or disprove the usefulness of Erythropoietin as a sole agent in the treatment of HIE, especially in resource-limited environment with the highest burden of the disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study has been registered with the Pan African Clinical trials registry on the 2nd of December 2018, with registration number\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/pactr.samrc.ac.za\/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=5756\">PACTR201812814507775<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-01751-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T13:03:54Z","timestamp":1588597434000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Impact of Erythropoietin in the management of Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy in resource-constrained settings: protocol for a randomized control trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7437-3211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Ezenwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinyere","family":"Ezeaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iretiola","family":"Fajolu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Ogbenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omodele","family":"Olowoyeye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Obiyo","family":"Nwaiwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zainab","family":"Opoola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gbenga","family":"Olorunfemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1751_CR1","first-page":"e1482","volume":"133","author":"Executive summary","year":"2014","unstructured":"Executive summary. Neonatal encephalopathy and neurologic outcome, second edition. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Task Force on Neonatal Encephalopathy. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;133(5):e1482\u20138.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1751_CR2","first-page":"5072","volume":"74","author":"AC Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee AC, Kozuki N, Blencowe H, et al. Intra-partum related neonatal encephalopathy incidence and impairment at regional and global levels for 2010 with trends from 1990. Pediatr Res. 2013;74(1):5072.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"1751_CR3","first-page":"409e17","volume":"83","author":"J Lawn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lawn J, Shibuya K, Stein C. No cry at birth: global estimates of intrapartum stillbirths and intrapartum related neonatal deaths. Bull WHO. 2005;83:409e17.","journal-title":"Bull WHO"},{"issue":"2","key":"1751_CR4","first-page":"167","volume":"36","author":"VK Paul","year":"1999","unstructured":"Paul VK. Neonatal morbidity: report of the National Neonatal and perinatal database. Indian Pediatr. 1999;36(2):167\u20139.","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"1751_CR5","first-page":"140","volume":"4","author":"GI Mcgil-Ugwu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mcgil-Ugwu GI, Abedi HO, Ugwu EN. Incidence of birth asphyxia as seen in central hospital and GN Children\u2019s clinic both in Warri Niger Delta of Nigeria: an eight year retrospective review. Global J Health Sci. 2012;4(5):140\u20136.","journal-title":"Global J Health Sci"},{"key":"1751_CR6","first-page":"11","volume":"4","author":"CN Onyearugha","year":"2010","unstructured":"Onyearugha CN, Ugboma HAA. Severe birth asphyxia: risk factors as seen in a tertiary institution in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. Continental. J Trop Med. 2010;4:11\u20139.","journal-title":"J Trop Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1751_CR7","first-page":"206","volume":"40","author":"BA West","year":"2013","unstructured":"West BA, Opara PI. Perinatal asphyxia in a specialist hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Niger J Paed. 2013;40(3):206\u201310.","journal-title":"Niger J Paed"},{"issue":"1","key":"1751_CR8","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"GO Emechebe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Emechebe GO, Ezeogu J, Odinaka KK. Birth asphyxia in Nigeria; a review. Trop J Med Health Sci Res. 2016;5(1):1\u201322.","journal-title":"Trop J Med Health Sci Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1751_CR9","first-page":"14","volume":"31","author":"EN Ekure","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ekure EN, Iroha EO, Egri-Okwaji MTC, Ogedengbe OK. Perinatal mortality at the close of the 20th century in Lagos University teaching hospital. Niger J Paed. 2004;31(1):14\u20138.","journal-title":"Niger J Paed"},{"issue":"1","key":"1751_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v19i1.29","volume":"19","author":"ND Uleanya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Uleanya ND, Aniwada EC, Ekwochi U, ND U. Short term outcome and predictors of survival among birth asphyxiated babies at a tertiary academic hospital in Enugu, SouthEast, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci. 2019;19(1):1554\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/ahs.v19i1.29..","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1751_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2007.07.006","volume":"12","author":"JM Rennie","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rennie JM, Hagmann CF, Robertson NJ. Outcome after intrapartum hypoxic ischaemia at term. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2007;12(5):398\u2013407.","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1751_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.1.26","volume":"109","author":"G Dixon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dixon G, Badawi N, Kurinczuk JJ, et al. Early developmental outcomes after newborn encephalopathy. Pediatrics. 2002;109(1):26\u201333.","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"1751_CR13","first-page":"331","volume-title":"Neurology of the newborn","author":"JJ Volpe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Volpe JJ. Neurology of the newborn. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2001. p. 331\u201382."},{"key":"1751_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-014-0379-y","volume":"51","author":"R Rai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rai R, Tripathi G, Singh DK. Nucleated RBC count as predictor of neurological outcome in perinatal asphyxia. Indian Pediatr. 2014;51:231\u20132.","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"issue":"21","key":"1751_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2016.1256988","volume":"30","author":"H Boskabadi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boskabadi H, Zakerihamidi M, Sadeghian MH, Avan A, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GA. Nucleated red blood cells count as a prognostic biomarker in predicting the complications of asphyxia in neonates. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017;30(21):2551\u20136.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"1751_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9450","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.142287899","volume":"99","author":"A Gorio","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gorio A, Gokmen N, Erbayraktar S, et al. Recombinant human erythropoietin counteracts secondary injury and markedly enhances neurological recovery from experimental spinal cord trauma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99:9450\u20135.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1751_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110R","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000159571.50758.39","volume":"57","author":"A Sola","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sola A, Wen T, Hamrick S, Ferriero D. Potential for protection and repair following injury to the developing brain: a role for erythropoietin? Pediatr Res. 2005;57:110R\u20137R.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"1751_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2003.01136.x","volume":"33","author":"C Chiesa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chiesa C, Pellegrini G, Panero A, De Luca T, Assumma M, Signore F, Pacifico L. Umbilical cord interleukin-6 levels are elevated in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia. Eur J Clin Investig. 2003;33:352\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Investig"},{"key":"1751_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200104000-00011","volume":"49","author":"N Nagdyman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nagdyman N, K\u00f6men W, Ko H, M\u00fcller C, Obladen M. Early biochemical indicators of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy after birth asphyxia. Pediatr Res. 2001;49:502\u20136.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"1751_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-0899","volume":"133","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics","year":"2014","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics. Hypothermia and Neonatal Encephalopathy. Pediatrics. 2014;133:1146\u201350.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1751_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1319","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2938","volume":"126","author":"M Thoresen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thoresen M, Hellstr\u00f6mWestas L, Liu X, de Vries LS. Effect of hypothermia on electroencephalogram in infants with asphyxia. Pediatrics. 2010;126(1):e1319.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9460","key":"1751_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17946-X","volume":"365","author":"PD Gluckman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gluckman PD, Wyatt JS, Azzopardi D, et al. Selective head cooling with mild systemic hypothermia after neonatal encephalopathy: multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2005;365(9460):663\u201370.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"14","key":"1751_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0900854","volume":"361","author":"DV Azzopardi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Azzopardi DV, Strohm B, Edwards AD, et al. TOBY Study Group. Moderate hypothermia to treat perinatal asphyxial encephalopathy. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(14):1349\u201358.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"1751_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcps050929","volume":"353","author":"S Shankaran","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shankaran S, Laptook AR, Ehrenkranz RA, et al. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Whole body hypothermia for neonates with hypoxicischemic encephalopathy. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(15):1574\u201384.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1751_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/60.4.386","volume":"60","author":"A Nagai","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nagai A, Nakagawa E, Choi HB, et al. Erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptors in human CNS neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes grown in culture. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2001;60(4):386\u201392.","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1751_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4044","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.051606598","volume":"98","author":"AL Siren","year":"2001","unstructured":"Siren AL, Fratelli M, Brines M, et al. Erythropoietin prevents neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia and metabolic stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98(7):4044\u20139.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"8","key":"1751_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000173406.04891.8c","volume":"36","author":"Y Sun","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sun Y, Calvert JW, Zhang JH. Neonatal hypoxia\/ischemia is associated with decreased inflammatory mediators after erythropoietin administration. Stroke. 2005;36(8):1672\u20138.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"1751_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.10.060","volume":"448","author":"U Yis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yis U, Kurul SH, Kumral A, et al. Effect of erythropoietin on oxygen-induced brain injury in the newborn rat. Neurosci Lett. 2008;448(3):245\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"24","key":"1751_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9733","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-24-09733.2001","volume":"21","author":"T Shingo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shingo T, Sorokan ST, Shimazaki T, Weiss S. Erythropoietin regulates the in vitro and in vivo production of neuronal progenitors by mammalian forebrain neural stem cells. J Neurosci. 2001;21(24):9733\u201343.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"1751_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000132196.49028.a4","volume":"35","author":"L Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang L, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang R, Chopp M. Treatment of stroke with erythropoietin enhances neurogenesis and angiogenesis and improves neurological function in rats. Stroke. 2004;35(7):1732\u20137.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"19","key":"1751_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041996","volume":"351","author":"DM Ferriero","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ferriero DM. Neonatal brain injury. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(19):1985\u201395.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1751_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.1.90","volume":"293","author":"K Maiese","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maiese K, Li F, Chong ZZ. New avenues of exploration for erythropoietin. JAMA. 2005;293(1):90\u20135.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"1751_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1135","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2268","volume":"125","author":"H Elmahdy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Elmahdy H, El-Mashad AR, El-Bahrawy H, El-Gohary T, El Barbary A, Aly H. Human recombinant erythropoietin in asphyxia neonatorum: pilot trial. Pediatrics. 2010;125(5):e1135\u201342.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1751_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199404283301701","volume":"330","author":"RF Maier","year":"1994","unstructured":"Maier RF, Obladen M, Scigalla P, et al. for the European Multicenter Erythropoietin Study Group. The Effect of Epoetin Beta (Recombinant Human Erythropoietin) on the Need for Transfusion in Very Low Birth Weight Infants. N Engl J Med. 1994;330:1173\u20138.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1751_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2003-1129-L","volume":"144","author":"RK Ohls","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ohls RK, Ehrenkranz RA, Das A, et al. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Neurodevelopmental Outcome and Growth at 18 to 22 Months' Corrected Age in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants Treated With Early Erythropoietin and Iron. Pediatrics. 2004;144:1287\u201391.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1751_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1203\/pdr.0b013e3180332cec","volume":"61","author":"BA Kellert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kellert BA, McPherson RJ, Juul SE. A comparison of high-dose recombinant erythropoietin treatment regimens in brain-injured neonatal rats. Pediatr Res. 2007;61:451\u20135.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"1751_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20160191","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-0191","volume":"137","author":"YW Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu YW, Mathur AM, Chang T, RC MK, Mulkey SB, Mayock DE, et al. High-dose erythropoietin and hypothermia for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a phase II trial. Pediatrics. 2016;137:e20160191.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1751_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2016.04.006","volume":"93","author":"A Larpthaveesarp","year":"2016","unstructured":"Larpthaveesarp A, Georgevits M, Ferriero DM, Gonzalez FF. Delayed erythropoietin therapy improves histological and behavioral outcomes after transient neonatal stroke. Neuroiol Dis. 2016;93:57\u201363.","journal-title":"Neuroiol Dis"},{"issue":"23","key":"1751_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1366982","volume":"31","author":"B Garg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garg B, Deepak Sharma D, Bansal A. Systematic review seeking erythropoietin role for neuroprotection in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: presently where do we stand. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018;31(23):3214\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14767058.2017.1366982.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1751_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e218","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3553","volume":"124","author":"C Zhu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhu C, Kang W, Xu F, et al. Erythropoietin improved neurologic outcomes in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Pediatrics. 2009;124(2):e218\u201326.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1751_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0498","volume":"130","author":"YW Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu YW, Bauer LA, Ballard RA, Ferriero DM, et al. Erythropoietin for Neuroprotection in neonatal encephalopathy: safety and pharmacokinetics. Pediatrics. 2012;130:683\u201391.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1751_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.2174\/1874143620130805001","volume":"7","author":"A Hobson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hobson A, Baines J, Weiss MD. Beyond hypothermia: alternative therapies for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Open Pharmacol J. 2013;7:26.","journal-title":"Open Pharmacol J"},{"issue":"10","key":"1751_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1976.00500100030012","volume":"33","author":"HB Sarnat","year":"1976","unstructured":"Sarnat HB, Sarnat MS. Neonatal encephalopathy following fetal distress. A clinical and electroencephalographic study. Arch Neurol. 1976;33(10):696\u2013705.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1751_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-1759","volume":"11","author":"IO Egharevba","year":"2018","unstructured":"Egharevba IO, Kayode-Adedeji BO, Alikah SO. Perinatal asphyxia in a rural Nigerian hospital: incidence and determinants of early outcome. J Neonatal-Perinatal Med. 2018;11(2):79\u2013183.","journal-title":"J Neonatal-Perinatal Med"},{"key":"1751_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1159\/000486820","volume":"113","author":"SE Juul","year":"2018","unstructured":"Juul SE, Comstock BA, Heagerty PJ, Mayock DE, Goodman AM, Hauge S, Gonzalez F, Wu YW. High-Dose Erythropoietin for Asphyxia and Encephalopathy (HEAL): A Randomized Controlled Trial \u2013 Background, Aims, and Study Protocol. Neonatolology. 2018;113:331\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000486820.","journal-title":"Neonatolology"},{"key":"1751_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-008-0026-5","volume":"75","author":"R Agarwal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Agarwal R, Jain A, Deorari AK, et al. Post-resuscitation management of asphyxiated neonates. Indian J Pediatr. 2008;75:175\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12098-008-0026-5.","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"1751_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1997.tb08581.x","volume":"86","author":"CM Thompson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Thompson CM, Puterman AS, Linley LL, Hann FM, van der Elst CW, Molteno CD, et al. The value of a scoring system for hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy in predicting neurodevelopmental outcome. Acta Paediatr. 1997;86:757.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1751_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1745.181261","volume":"11","author":"P Gupta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gupta P, Sodhi KS, Saxena AK, Khandelwal N, Singhi P. Neonatal cranial sonography: a concise review for clinicians. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2016;11(1):7\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1817-1745.181261.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1751_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000273","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000273","volume":"7","author":"M Gladstone","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gladstone M, Lancaster GA, Umar E, Nyirenda M, Kayira E, van den Broek NR, et al. The Malawi developmental assessment tool (MDAT): the creation, validation, and reliability of a tool to assess child development in rural African settings. PLoS Med. 2010;7(5):e1000273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000273.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-020-01751-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-020-01751-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-020-01751-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T19:19:07Z","timestamp":1620069547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12883-020-01751-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1751"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-020-01751-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 February 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Approval for the study was obtained from the Human Research and Ethics Committee of Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria (ethics number ADM\/DCST\/HREC\/APP\/2064). Written as well as verbal informed consent are obtained from the parents or caregivers before recruiting any baby into the study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declared no competing interest for this work.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"171"}}