{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T15:30:47Z","timestamp":1759332647218,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599436800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81771397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81771397"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibodies define the most prevalently recognized autoimmune encephalitis syndromes, while the simultaneous occurrence of both conditions has hardly been published before.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We report the case of a 67-year-old patient who presented with generalized tonic\u2013clonic seizures (GTCS) followed by behavioral changes, psychosis, sleep disorders, decreased consciousness, and faciobrachial dystonic seizures. Ancillary findings included serum hyponatremia and imaging evidence of high-intensity lesions within bilateral medial temporal lobes on T2-weighted fluid attenuation inversion recovery. Both LGI1 and NMDAR antibodies were positive in serum and cerebral spinal fluid using transfected cell based assays. Despite prominent clinical features of anti-LGI1 limbic encephalitis (LGI1-LE), the patient also exhibited overlapping symptoms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis, like early-onset GTCS, which might be related to the concomitant positive NMDAR antibodies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We report a rare case of LGI1-LE with overlapping symptoms and simultaneous positive NMDAR antibodies. It is necessary to evaluate the presence of NMDAR antibodies in certain LGI1-LE patients with unusual symptoms. However, caution should be exercised in interpreting the observation, given the fact of a single-case study.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-01918-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T08:05:29Z","timestamp":1599465929000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A rare case of anti-LGI1 limbic encephalitis with concomitant positive NMDAR antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Tuo","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0422-9078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yajun","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengze","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiaoman","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinghong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1918_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70137-X","volume":"9","author":"M Lai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lai M, Huijbers MG, Lancaster E, Graus F, Bataller L, Balice-Gordon R, Cowell JK, Dalmau J. 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The patient\u2019s written informed consent was obtained for their participation in the study, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. No investigation or intervention was performed outside routine clinical care for this patient. As this is a case report, without experimental intervention into routine care, no formal research approval is required.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consents were obtained from the patients\u2019 representatives for publication of this case report and any accompanying images.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"336"}}