{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T12:54:43Z","timestamp":1770555283869,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]],"date-time":"2021-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611964800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]],"date-time":"2021-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endovascular procedures with liquid embolic agents such as ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymers are indicated before surgical treatment of cervical paraganglioma. Consequently, these agents are now available as low viscosity formulations, one of which is Squid 12, which are demonstrating superior vascular penetration. Cases of facial paralysis secondary to embolization of cervical vascular lesions with classic embolic agents have been reported in the English literature, however, this complication has not been described with new generation options such as Squid 12.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We describe the case of a 43-year-old patient with a left neck carotid paraganglioma. Embolization was performed under general anaesthesia before surgical excision. In the immediate postoperative period, the patient developed total left facial palsy. Since the imaging tests (Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)) and neurological examination showed no involvement of additional cranial nerves (CN), we hypothesise that the main cause of this complication is ischemia of the vasa nervorum of CN VII secondary to embolization. Almost six months later, the patient continues to present total facial paralysis (Grade VI House-Brackmann facial paralysis scale), and palsy of the left CN X and XII as a complication secondary to surgical resection of the paraganglioma.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This case is relevant since it is the first clinical case of permanent facial paralysis secondary to embolization with Squid 12.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02064-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]],"date-time":"2021-01-30T04:37:20Z","timestamp":1611981440000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Facial palsy after embolization with Squid\u00ae 12"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2499-9253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago","family":"Moreno-Paredes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Alcal\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Mart\u00edn-Lagos Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00e1s","family":"M\u00fcller Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"V\u00e1zquez L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Vargas Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Cabrera Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2064_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gartrell BC, Hansen MR, Gantz BJ, Gluth MB, Mowry SE, Aagaard-Kienitz BL, Baskaya MK, Gubbels SP. Facial and lower cranial neuropathies after preoperative embolization of jugular foramen lesions with ethylene vinyl alcohol. Otol Neurotol. 2012 Sep;33(7):1270\u20135.","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e31825f2365"},{"key":"2064_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.59.5.0867","volume":"59","author":"LF Borges","year":"1983","unstructured":"Borges LF, Heros RC, DeBrun G. The carotid body tumors managed with preoperative embolization: Report of two cases. J Neurosurg. 1983;59:867\u201370.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2064_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venturini M, Lanza C, Marra P, Colarieti A, Panzeri M, Augello L, Gusmini S, Salvioni M, De Cobelli F, Del Maschio A. Transcatheter embolization with Squid, combined with other embolic agents or alone, in different abdominal diseases: a single-center experience in 30 patients. CVIR Endovasc. 2019 Feb;2(1)(4):8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s42155-019-0051-7"},{"issue":"4","key":"2064_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-019-04127-5","volume":"162","author":"JS Catapano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Catapano JS, Almefty RO, Ding D, et al. Onyx embolization of skull base paragangliomas: a single-center experience. Acta Neurochir. 2020;162(4):821\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"issue":"4","key":"2064_CR5","first-page":"565","volume":"24","author":"I Akmangit","year":"2014","unstructured":"Akmangit I, et al. Preliminary experience with Squid: A New Liquid embolizing Agent for AvM,&nbsp;Av Fistulas and Tumors. . Turk Neurosurg. 2014;24(4):565\u201370.","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"key":"2064_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1177\/1591019917707328","volume":"23","author":"Z Szatma\u00b4 ry","year":"2017","unstructured":"Szatma\u00b4 ry Z, Hillman J, Finitsis S. Meningioma embolization with the pressure cooker technique using Squid 12. Interv Neuroradiol. 2017;23:441\u20133.","journal-title":"Interv Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2064_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1177\/1591019920954095","volume":"26","author":"E Lozupone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lozupone E, et al. Endovascular treatment of cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas with SQUID 12. Interv Neuroradiol. 2020;26(5):651\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1591019920954095 Epub 2020 Aug 25.","journal-title":"Interv Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2064_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1177\/1591019919895882","volume":"26","author":"A Pedicelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pedicelli A, Lozupone E, Valente I, et al. Pre-operative direct puncture embolization of head and neck hypervascular tumors using SQUID 12. Interv Neuroradiol. 2020;26(3):346\u201353.","journal-title":"Interv Neuroradiol."},{"key":"2064_CR9","unstructured":"Moore, K, Dalley A, Agur A.M.R. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Facial nerve. Sixth Edition. Estados Unidos: Editorial Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010: 49, 853-54, 884, 971, 1056-57 y 1068."}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02064-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02064-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02064-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]],"date-time":"2021-01-30T04:37:45Z","timestamp":1611981465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02064-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2064"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02064-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 January 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Patient consent was obtained previously to the embolization and surgery. Despite complications, all procedures are under ethics standards.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The patient gave written consent for their personal or clinical details along with any identifying images to be published in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Non-financial competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"45"}}