{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T19:08:14Z","timestamp":1781896094571,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Central Sensitization (CS) involves dysfunction in neurophysiological mechanisms that increase neuronal responses to both noxious and non-noxious stimuli in the central nervous system. The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is considered the leading patient-reported outcome measure for assessing CS-related symptoms. The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the CSI into Finnish (CSI-FI) and to evaluate its psychometric properties.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Translation and cross-cultural validation of the CSI was conducted according to established guidelines. The validation sample was 229 subjects, including 42 pain free controls and 187 subjects with chronic musculoskeletal pain. The CSI-FI was evaluated for internal consistency, test-retest reliability, exploratory factor analysis with maximum likelihood extraction, relationship with subject-reported outcome measures [Tampa scale of kinesiophobia (TSK), the Depression scale (DEPS), 5-level EQ-5D version (EQ-5\u2009L-5D), Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), and Pain and Sleep Questionnaire Three-Item Index (PSQ-3)], pain history, subjective symptoms of dizziness, and CS-related diagnoses on CSI part B. Furthermore, we studied the ability of the CSI-FI to distinguish pain free controls, subjects with chronic pain in a single body area, and subjects with multisite chronic pain. In addition, we studied the relationship of CSI-FI scores with postural control on a force plate.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The CSI-FI demonstrated good internal consistency (0.884) and excellent test-retest reliability (0.933) with a 7\u2009\u00b1\u20091\u2009day gap between test administrations. Exploratory factor analysis with maximum likelihood extraction yielded a one factor solution. Fair to good correlations were found between the CSI-FI and the TSK, DEPS, EQ-5\u2009L-5D, RMDQ, and PSQ-3. Subjective symptoms of dizziness correlated better with CSI-FI scores than any of the CS-related diagnoses on CSI part B. Total CSI-FI scores successfully distinguished between pain free controls, subjects with chronic pain in a single body area, and subjects with multisite chronic pain. The multisite pain group reported significantly more dizziness symptoms than the other two groups. Force plate measurements showed no relationship between postural control and CSI-FI scores.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The CSI-FI translation was successfully cross-culturally adapted and validated into Finnish. CSI-FI psychometric properties and scores were all in acceptable levels and in line with previous CSI validations. The CSI-FI appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing CS-related symptomology in Finnish-speaking populations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02151-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T03:53:39Z","timestamp":1617162819000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Finnish version of the central sensitization inventory and its relationship with dizziness and postural control"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jani","family":"Mikkonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannu","family":"Luomajoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olavi","family":"Airaksinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy","family":"Neblett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuomas","family":"Selander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Leinonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2151_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E333","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2015\/18\/E333","volume":"18","author":"J Nijs","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nijs J, Apeldoorn A, Hallegraeff H, Clark J, Smeets R, Malfliet A, Girbes EL, de Kooning M, Ickmans K. Low back pain: guidelines for the clinical classification of predominant neuropathic, nociceptive, or central sensitization pain. Pain Physician. 2015;18(3):E333\u201346.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"2151_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.09.030","volume":"152","author":"CJ Woolf","year":"2011","unstructured":"Woolf CJ. Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain. Pain. 2011;152(3 Suppl):S2\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2010.09.030.","journal-title":"Pain."},{"issue":"2","key":"2151_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12137","DOI":"10.1111\/jabr.12137","volume":"23","author":"SE Harte","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harte SE, Harris RE, Clauw DJ. The neurobiology of central sensitization. J Appl Biobehav Res. 2018;23(2):e12137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jabr.12137.","journal-title":"J Appl Biobehav Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2151_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.06.012","volume":"10","author":"A Latremoliere","year":"2009","unstructured":"Latremoliere A, Woolf CJ. Central sensitization: a generator of pain hypersensitivity by central neural plasticity. J Pain. 2009;10(9):895\u2013926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.06.012.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"2151_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.12.009","volume":"36","author":"MB Yunus","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yunus MB. Fibromyalgia and overlapping disorders: the unifying concept of central sensitivity syndromes. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2007;36(6):339\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.12.009.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"5","key":"2151_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.11.012","volume":"14","author":"R Neblett","year":"2013","unstructured":"Neblett R, Cohen H, Choi Y, Hartzell MM, Williams M, Mayer TG, Gatchel RJ. The central sensitization inventory (CSI): establishing clinically significant values for identifying central sensitivity syndromes in an outpatient chronic pain sample. J Pain. 2013;14(5):438\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.11.012.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"10137","key":"2151_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30480-X","volume":"391","author":"J Hartvigsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hartvigsen J, Hancock MJ, Kongsted A, Louw Q, Ferreira ML, Genevay S, Hoy D, Karppinen J, Pransky G, Sieper J, Smeets RJ, Underwood M, Buchbinder R, Hartvigsen J, Cherkin D, Foster NE, Maher CG, Underwood M, van Tulder M, Anema JR, Chou R, Cohen SP, Menezes Costa L, Croft P, Ferreira M, Ferreira PH, Fritz JM, Genevay S, Gross DP, Hancock MJ, Hoy D, Karppinen J, Koes BW, Kongsted A, Louw Q, \u00d6berg B, Peul WC, Pransky G, Schoene M, Sieper J, Smeets RJ, Turner JA, Woolf A. What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention. Lancet. 2018;391(10137):2356\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30480-X.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"5","key":"2151_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.02.011","volume":"21","author":"T Hirase","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hirase T, Okubo Y, Sturnieks DL, Lord SR. Pain Is Associated With Poor Balance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21(5):597\u2013603.e8.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"13","key":"2151_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2018.1433240","volume":"41","author":"Y Berenshteyn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Berenshteyn Y, Gibson K, Hackett GC, Trem AB, Wilhelm M. Is standing balance altered in individuals with chronic low back pain? A systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 2019;41(13):1514\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638288.2018.1433240.","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"2151_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00171","volume":"12","author":"Y Ivanenko","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ivanenko Y, Gurfinkel VS. Human Postural Control. Front Neurosci. 2018;12:171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2018.00171.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2151_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.178","volume":"14","author":"J Nonnekes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nonnekes J, Goselink RJM, R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka E, Fasano A, Nutt JG, Bloem BR. Neurological disorders of gait, balance and posture: a sign-based approach. Nat Rev Neurol. 2018;14(3):183\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.178.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2151_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1159\/000445831","volume":"63","author":"L Bahureksa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bahureksa L, Najafi B, Saleh A, Sabbagh M, Coon D, Mohler MJ, Schwenk M. The impact of mild cognitive impairment on gait and balance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using instrumented assessment. Gerontology. 2017;63(1):67\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000445831.","journal-title":"Gerontology."},{"issue":"1","key":"2151_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e318190f991","volume":"15","author":"KD Jones","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jones KD, Horak FB, Winters-Stone K, Irvine JM, Bennett RM. Fibromyalgia is associated with impaired balance and falls. J Clin Rheumatol. 2009;15(1):16\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RHU.0b013e318190f991.","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2151_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peinado-Rubia A, Osuna-P\u00e9rez MC, Rodr\u00edguez-Almagro D, Zagalaz-Anula N, L\u00f3pez-Ruiz MC, Lomas-Vega R. Impaired Balance in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Predictors of the Impact of This Disorder and Balance Confidence. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9):3160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17093160.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093160"},{"issue":"4","key":"2151_CR15","first-page":"225","volume":"28","author":"U Rosenhall","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rosenhall U, Johansson G, Orndahl G. Otoneurologic and audiologic findings in fibromyalgia. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1996;28(4):225\u201332.","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2151_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-8-27","volume":"8","author":"RM Bennett","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bennett RM, Jones J, Turk DC, Russell IJ, Matallana L. An internet survey of 2,596 people with fibromyalgia. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2007;8(1):27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2474-8-27.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"2151_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24772","volume":"60","author":"NF Watson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Watson NF, Buchwald D, Goldberg J, Noonan C, Ellenbogen RG. Neurologic signs and symptoms in fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(9):2839\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.24772.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"2151_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2011.00493.x","volume":"12","author":"TG Mayer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mayer TG, Neblett R, Cohen H, Howard KJ, Choi YH, Williams MJ, Perez Y, Gatchel RJ. The development and psychometric validation of the central sensitization inventory. Pain Pract. 2012;12(4):276\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2011.00493.x.","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"2151_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2017.11.006","volume":"19","author":"AI Cuesta-Vargas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cuesta-Vargas AI, Neblett R, Chiarotto A, Kregel J, Nijs J, van Wilgen CP, Pitance L, Knezevic A, Gatchel RJ, Mayer TG, Viti C, Roldan-Jim\u00e9nez C, Testa M, Caumo W, Jeremic-Knezevic M, Luciano JV. Dimensionality and reliability of the central sensitization inventory in a pooled multicountry sample. J Pain. 2018;19(3):317\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2017.11.006.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"7","key":"2151_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000306","volume":"32","author":"J Kregel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kregel J, Vuijk PJ, Descheemaeker F, Keizer D, van der Noord R, Nijs J, Cagnie B, Meeus M, van Wilgen P. The Dutch central sensitization inventory (CSI): factor analysis, discriminative power, and test-retest reliability. Clin J Pain. 2016;32(7):624\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000306.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"2151_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-016-3515-4","volume":"5","author":"AI Cuesta-Vargas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cuesta-Vargas AI, Roldan-Jimenez C, Neblett R, Gatchel RJ. Cross-cultural adaptation and validity of the Spanish central sensitization inventory. Springerplus. 2016;5(1):1837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40064-016-3515-4.","journal-title":"Springerplus."},{"key":"2151_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S131479","volume":"10","author":"W Caumo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Caumo W, Antunes LC, Elkfury JL, Herbstrith EG, Busanello Sipmann R, Souza A, et al. The central sensitization inventory validated and adapted for a Brazilian population: psychometric properties and its relationship with brain-derived neurotrophic factor. J Pain Res. 2017;10:2109\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JPR.S131479.","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"2151_CR23","first-page":"18","volume":"7","author":"SN Bid Dibyendunarayan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bid Dibyendunarayan SN, Priyanshu R. Thangamani Ramalingam Content Validity and Test-Retest Reliability of the Gurajati Version of the Central Sensitization Inventory. Natl J Integr Res Med. 2016;7:18\u201324.","journal-title":"Natl J Integr Res Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2151_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12618","volume":"18","author":"A Knezevic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Knezevic A, Neblett R, Jeremic-Knezevic M, Tomasevic-Todorovic S, Boskovic K, Colovic P, Cuesta-Vargas A. Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Serbian version of the central sensitization inventory. Pain Pract. 2018;18(4):463\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papr.12618.","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"2151_CR25","first-page":"e57","volume":"25","author":"PE Pitance Lauren","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pitance Lauren PE, Berangere L. Cross cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the French version of the central sensitization inventory. Man Ther. 2016;25:e57\u2013e169.","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"2151_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0188719","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188719","volume":"12","author":"K Tanaka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tanaka K, Nishigami T, Mibu A, Manfuku M, Yono S, Shinohara Y, Tanabe A, Ono R. Validation of the Japanese version of the central sensitization inventory in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. PLoS One. 2017;12(12):e0188719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0188719.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"2151_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12843","volume":"20","author":"P Bilika","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bilika P, Neblett R, Georgoudis G, Dimitriadis Z, Fandridis E, Strimpakos N, Kapreli E. Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Greek version of the central sensitization inventory. Pain Pract. 2020;20(2):188\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papr.12843.","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"2151_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-01867-1","volume":"20","author":"S Sharma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sharma S, Jha J, Pathak A, Neblett R. Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and measurement properties of the Nepali version of the central sensitization inventory (CSI). BMC Neurol. 2020;20(1):286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-020-01867-1.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2151_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.17116\/jnevro202012006151","volume":"120","author":"OR Esin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Esin OR, Gorobets EA, Khairullin IK, Esin RG, Gamirova RG, Shamsutdinova RF, Fedorenko AI, Faskhutdinova AT, Khakimova AR. Central sensitization inventory - a Russian version. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2020;120(6):51\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17116\/jnevro202012006151.","journal-title":"Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova"},{"key":"2151_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2018.06.005","volume":"37","author":"A Chiarotto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chiarotto A, Viti C, Sulli A, Cutolo M, Testa M, Piscitelli D. Cross-cultural adaptation and validity of the Italian version of the central sensitization inventory. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2018;37:20\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msksp.2018.06.005.","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Sci Pract"},{"key":"2151_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andias R, Silva AG. Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the European Portuguese Version of the Central Sensitization Inventory in Adolescents With Musculoskeletal Chronic Pain. Pain Pract. 2020;20(5):480-90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papr.12875. Epub 2020 Feb 29.","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12875"},{"issue":"4","key":"2151_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12636","volume":"18","author":"T Scerbo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Scerbo T, Colasurdo J, Dunn S, Unger J, Nijs J, Cook C. Measurement properties of the central sensitization inventory: a systematic review. Pain Pract. 2018;18(4):544\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papr.12636.","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"2151_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Neblett R. The central sensitization inventory: a user's manual. J Appl Behav Res. 2018;23(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jabr.12123.","DOI":"10.1111\/jabr.12123"},{"key":"2151_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Knezevic A, Neblett R, Colovic P, Jeremic-Knezevic M, Bugarski-Ignjatovic V, Klasnja A, Pantelinac S, Pjevic M. Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Serbian Version of the Central Sensitization Inventory. Pain Pract. 2020;20(7):724-36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papr.12900. Epub 2020 May 19.","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12900"},{"issue":"24","key":"2151_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014","volume":"25","author":"DE Beaton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000;25(24):3186\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2151_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1543-2","volume":"20","author":"A Ruhe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ruhe A, Fejer R, Walker B. Center of pressure excursion as a measure of balance performance in patients with non-specific low back pain compared to healthy controls: a systematic review of the literature. Eur Spine J. 2011;20(3):358\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-010-1543-2.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2151_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-10-22","volume":"10","author":"LB Mokkink","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Knol DL, Stratford PW, Alonso J, Patrick DL, Bouter LM, de Vet HCW. The COSMIN checklist for evaluating the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties: a clarification of its content. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2010;10(1):22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2288-10-22.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2151_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-005-1044-x","volume":"15","author":"M Haefeli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Haefeli M, Elfering A. Pain assessment. Eur Spine J. 2006;15(Suppl 1):S17\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-005-1044-x.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2151_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12440","volume":"17","author":"R Neblett","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neblett R, Hartzell MM, Mayer TG, Cohen H, Gatchel RJ. Establishing clinically relevant severity levels for the central sensitization inventory. Pain Pract. 2017;17(2):166\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papr.12440.","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"2151_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller RP, Kori SH, Todd DD. The Tampa Scale.  Clin J Pain. 1991;7(1):51.","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199103000-00053"},{"issue":"3","key":"2151_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-1927","volume":"47","author":"P Koho","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koho P, Borodulin K, Kautiainen H, Kujala U, Pohjolainen T, Hurri H. Finnish version of the Tampa scale of Kinesiophobia: reference values in the Finnish general population and associations with leisure-time physical activity. J Rehabil Med. 2015;47(3):249\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/16501977-1927.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2151_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmq040","volume":"27","author":"O Poutanen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Poutanen O, Koivisto AM, K\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4 S, Salokangas RK. The validity of the depression scale (DEPS) to assess the severity of depression in primary care patients. Fam Pract. 2010;27(5):527\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/fampra\/cmq040.","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"2151_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kyr\u00f6l\u00e4 K, H\u00e4kkinen AH, Ylinen J, Repo JP. Rasch validation of the depression scale among patients with low back pain. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2020:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/BMR-191638.","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-191638"},{"issue":"7","key":"2151_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-012-0322-4","volume":"22","author":"MF Janssen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Janssen MF, Pickard AS, Golicki D, Gudex C, Niewada M, Scalone L, Swinburn P, Busschbach J. Measurement properties of the EQ-5D-5L compared to the EQ-5D-3L across eight patient groups: a multi-country study. Qual Life Res. 2013;22(7):1717\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-012-0322-4.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2151_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2012.02.008","volume":"15","author":"B van Hout","year":"2012","unstructured":"van Hout B, Janssen MF, Feng YS, Kohlmann T, Busschbach J, Golicki D, Lloyd A, Scalone L, Kind P, Pickard AS. Interim scoring for the EQ-5D-5L: mapping the EQ-5D-5L to EQ-5D-3L value sets. Value Health. 2012;15(5):708\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jval.2012.02.008.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2151_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2015.10.003","volume":"62","author":"ML Stevens","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stevens ML, Lin CC, Maher CG. The Roland Morris disability questionnaire. Aust J Phys. 2016;62(2):116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jphys.2015.10.003.","journal-title":"Aust J Phys"},{"issue":"24","key":"2151_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3115","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00006","volume":"25","author":"M Roland","year":"2000","unstructured":"Roland M, Fairbank J. The Roland-Morris disability questionnaire and the Oswestry disability questionnaire. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000;25(24):3115\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00006.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2151_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/635967","volume":"17","author":"L Ayearst","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ayearst L, Harsanyi Z, Michalko KJ. The pain and sleep questionnaire three-item index (PSQ-3): a reliable and valid measure of the impact of pain on sleep in chronic nonmalignant pain of various etiologies. Pain Res Manag. 2012;17(4):281\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/635967.","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"issue":"4","key":"2151_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.09.012","volume":"32","author":"A Ruhe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ruhe A, Fejer R, Walker B. The test-retest reliability of Centre of pressure measures in bipedal static task conditions--a systematic review of the literature. Gait Posture. 2010;32(4):436\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.09.012.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"2151_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2015.10.014","volume":"44","author":"JW B\u0142aszczyk","year":"2016","unstructured":"B\u0142aszczyk JW. The use of force-plate posturography in the assessment of postural instability. Gait Posture. 2016;44:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2015.10.014.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"12","key":"2151_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.05.048","volume":"130","author":"KA Kerber","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kerber KA, Callaghan BC, Telian SA, Meurer WJ, Skolarus LE, Carender W, et al. Dizziness Symptom Type Prevalence and Overlap: A US Nationally Representative Survey. Am J Med. 2017;130(12):1465.e1\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 1","key":"2151_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S22","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000250483.85507.04","volume":"45","author":"BB Reeve","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reeve BB, Hays RD, Bjorner JB, Cook KF, Crane PK, Teresi JA, Thissen D, Revicki DA, Weiss DJ, Hambleton RK, Liu H, Gershon R, Reise SP, Lai JS, Cella D. Psychometric evaluation and calibration of health-related quality of life item banks: plans for the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS). Med Care. 2007;45(5 Suppl 1):S22\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.mlr.0000250483.85507.04.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"2151_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Costello AB, Osborne J. Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis, Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation. 2005;10:7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7275\/jyj1-4868.","DOI":"10.7275\/jyj1-4868"},{"issue":"1","key":"2151_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-009-0816-2","volume":"40","author":"M Norris","year":"2010","unstructured":"Norris M, Lecavalier L. Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in developmental disability psychological research. J Autism Dev Disord. 2010;40(1):8\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-009-0816-2.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"2151_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2958","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa069","volume":"21","author":"C Rold\u00e1n-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rold\u00e1n-Jim\u00e9nez C, P\u00e9rez-Cruzado D, Neblett R, Gatchel R, Cuesta-Vargas A. Corrigendum to: central sensitization in chronic musculoskeletal pain disorders in different populations: a cross-sectional study. Pain Med. 2020;21(11):2958\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnaa069.","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2151_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.05.014","volume":"131","author":"GT Whitman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Whitman GT. Dizziness. Am J Med. 2018;131(12):1431\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.05.014.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2151_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.06.008","volume":"17","author":"MR Aguila","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aguila MR, Rebbeck T, Leaver AM, Lagopoulos J, Brennan PC, H\u00fcbscher M, et al. The association between clinical characteristics of migraine and brain GABA levels: an exploratory study. J Pain. 2016;17(10):1058\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.06.008.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"2151_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0196575","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196575","volume":"13","author":"N Sempere-Rubio","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sempere-Rubio N, L\u00f3pez-Pascual J, Aguilar-Rodr\u00edguez M, Cort\u00e9s-Amador S, Esp\u00ed-L\u00f3pez G, Villarrasa-Sapi\u00f1a I, Serra-A\u00f1\u00f3 P. Characterization of postural control impairment in women with fibromyalgia. PLoS One. 2018;13(5):e0196575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0196575.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2151_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen103","volume":"101","author":"H Breivik","year":"2008","unstructured":"Breivik H, Borchgrevink PC, Allen SM, Rosseland LA, Romundstad L, Hals EK, et al. Assessment of pain. Br J Anaesth. 2008;101(1):17\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aen103.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02151-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02151-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02151-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T03:54:32Z","timestamp":1617162872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02151-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02151-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval for the study was obtained from Research Ethics Committee of the Northern Savo Hospital District with identification number 1106\/13.02.00\/2018. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects prior to the study. The study was conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable (NA).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"No competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"141"}}