{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T21:22:30Z","timestamp":1750540950560},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627344000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is a rare manifestation of malignant lymphoma that shows selective infiltration to the peripheral nervous system primarily or secondarily. We report a patient with secondary NL caused by germinal center B-cell (GCB)-type diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who showed selective infiltration of the lumbar plexus to the spinal cord and massive nerve enlargement resulting in severe pain.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 72-year-old female exhibited asymmetric motor and sensory impairments and pain in the lower limbs that progressed for five months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an enlarged lumbar plexus, which continued to the cauda equina via the L3 and L4 spinal nerves. Her symptoms gradually worsened. Ten months after the onset of symptoms, the enlarged cauda equina filled the spinal canal space, and the spinal cord was swollen. A cauda equina biopsy was performed, and she was diagnosed with GCB-type DLBCL with CD10 positivity. The primary tumor was found in a mammary cyst. The autopsy study did not show apparent infiltration, except in the nervous system.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Although there are many neurologic phenotypes of malignant lymphoma, the association between the cytological characteristics of lymphoma and the neurological phenotypes is still unclear. Several reports of CD10-positive secondary NL are available, whereas peripheral or central nervous tissue origin lymphoma cases are mostly negative for CD10. CD10 staining may be useful for distinguishing primary NL from secondary NL. NL often has a strong organotropism for peripheral nervous tissue, which makes early diagnosis challenging.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02330-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T03:30:38Z","timestamp":1627356638000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A case report of secondary neurolymphomatosis showing selective nerve infiltration and massive lumbar plexus enlargement"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Mai","family":"Hamaguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norito","family":"Kokubun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hadzki","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Onuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reika","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kinuko","family":"Mitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2330_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1215\/15228517-5-2-104","volume":"5","author":"JM Baehring","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baehring JM, Damek D, Martin EC, Betensky RA, Hochberget FH. Neurolymphomatosis Neuro-Oncology. 2003;5:104\u201315.","journal-title":"Neurolymphomatosis Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"2330_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt193","volume":"136","author":"M Tomita","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tomita M, Koike H, Kawagashira Y, Iijima M, Adachi H, Taguchi J, et al. Clinicopathological features of neuropathy associated with lymphoma. Brain. 2013;136:2563\u201378.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2330_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-05-1545","volume":"103","author":"CP Hans","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hans CP, Weisenburger DD, Greiner TC, Gascoyne RD, Delabie J, Ott G, et al. Confirmation of the molecular classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray. Blood. 2004;103:275\u201382.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2330_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.05.058","volume":"343","author":"C Kamiya-Matsuoka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kamiya-Matsuoka C, Shroff S, Gildersleeve K, Hormozdi B, Manning JT, Woodmana KH. Neurolymphomatosis: a case series of clinical manifestations, treatments, and outcomes. J Neurol Sci. 2014;343:144\u20138.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2330_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003666","volume":"5","author":"A Khurana","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khurana A, Novo M, Nowakowski GS, Ristow KM, Spinner RJ, Hunt CH, et al. Clinical manifestations of, diagnostic approach to, and treatment of neurolymphomatosis in the rituximab era. Blood Adv. 2021;5:1379\u201387.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"2330_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-01-643569","volume":"127","author":"SH Swerdlow","year":"2016","unstructured":"Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Pileri SA, Harris NL, Stein H, Siebert R, et al. The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood. 2016;127:2375\u201390.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2330_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.3109\/00313025.2010.508786","volume":"42","author":"M Preusser","year":"2010","unstructured":"Preusser M, Woehrer A, Koperek O, Rottenfusser A, Dieckmann K, Gatterbauer B, et al. Primary central nervous system lymphoma: a clinicopathological study of 75 cases. Pathology. 2010;42:547\u201352.","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"2330_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-03-1024","volume":"107","author":"S Camilleri-Bro\u00ebt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Camilleri-Bro\u00ebt S, Crini\u00e8re E, Bro\u00ebt P, Delwail V, Mokhtari K, Moreau A, et al. A uniform activated B-cell\u2013like immunophenotype might explain the poor prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphomas: analysis of 83 cases. Blood. 2006;107:190\u20136.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2330_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.56.6998","volume":"56","author":"Y Ono","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ono Y, Kazuma Y, Ochi Y, Matsuoka R, Imai Y, Ishikawa T. Two cases of neurolymphomatosis with fatal bilateral vocal cord paralysis that were diagnosed with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET)\/CT. Intern Med. 2017;56:1193\u20138.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"2330_CR10","first-page":"93","volume":"58","author":"A Asanome","year":"2018","unstructured":"Asanome A, Kano K, Takahashi K, Saito T, Sawada J, Katayama T. A case of neurolymphomatosis that was diagnosed by acoustic nerve biopsy. Clin Neurol. 2018;58:93\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol"},{"key":"2330_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.436","volume":"4","author":"M Umeda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Umeda M, Kondo T, Nishikori M, Kitano T, Hishizawa M, Kadowaki N, et al. A case of neurolymphomatosis caused by follicular lymphoma successfully treated with bendamustine. Clin Case Rep. 2016;4:23\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"2330_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","volume":"144","author":"D Hanahan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell. 2011;144:646\u201374.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2330_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2432","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V79.9.2432.2432","volume":"79","author":"WF Kern","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kern WF, Spier CM, Hanneman EH, Miller TP, Matzner M, Grogan TM. Neural cell adhesion molecule-positive peripheral T-cell lymphoma: a rare variant with a propensity for unusual sites of involvement. Blood. 1992;79:2432\u20137.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2330_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01052622","volume":"26","author":"GH Baltuch","year":"1995","unstructured":"Baltuch GH, Tribolet N, Van Meir EG. Expression of the CD44 adhesion molecule in tumours of the central and peripheral nervous system. J Neurooncol. 1995;26:191\u20138.","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02330-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02330-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02330-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T03:31:25Z","timestamp":1627356685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02330-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2330"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02330-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Dokkyo Medical University Hospital.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written consent for publication was obtained from the patient.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"None of the authors have any potential competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"296"}}