{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T02:31:53Z","timestamp":1776825113120,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630281600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The consequences of strict COVID-19 mobility restrictions on motor\/non-motor features in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) have not been systematically studied but worse mobility and quality of life have been reported. To elucidate this question, 12 mild to moderate PD patients were assessed in March 2020 before and after two months of isolation as part of a clinical study that had to be interrupted due to the pandemic and the implementation of COVID19 mobility restrictions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Twelve patients were systematically evaluated before and after the lockdown period as part of a larger cohort that previously underwent thermal water rehabilitation. Clinical outcomes were the Body Mass index, the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test, the MDS-Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale part III, the 6 Minute Walking Test and the New Freezing of Gait Questionnaire. Global cognition was evaluated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale. The impact of COVID-19 restrictions on quality of life and functional independence was evaluated with The Parkinson\u2019s disease Quality of life (PDQ-39), the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living questionnaires (IADL) and the Parkinson\u2019s disease cognitive functional rating scales (PD-CFRS).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>After two months of isolation the Mini-BESTest score worsened (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.005), and four patients reported one or more falls during the lockdown. BMI increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.031) while the remaining clinical variables including quality of life did not change.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We observed moderate worsening at Mini-BESTest, greater risk of falls and increased body weight as consequence of prolonged immobility. We believe negative effects were partially softened since patients were in contact with our multidisciplinary team during the lockdown and had previously received training to respond to the needs of this emergency isolation. These findings highligh the importnace of patient-centered interventions in PD management.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02364-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T13:03:42Z","timestamp":1630328622000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Impact of social and mobility restrictions in Parkinson\u2019s disease during COVID-19 lockdown"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Raquel","family":"Luis-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Di Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Weis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Cianci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Pistonesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfonc","family":"Baba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miryam","family":"Carecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Biundo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Tedesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Masiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1040-2807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Antonini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2364_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.02.034","volume":"76","author":"C Sohrabi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O\u2019Neill N, Khan M, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, et al. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Int J Surg. 2020;76:71\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.02.034.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"2364_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28088","volume":"35","author":"S Prasad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prasad S, Holla VV, Neeraja K, Surisetti BK, Kamble N, Yadav R, et al. Parkinson\u2019s disease and COVID-19: Perceptions and implications in patients and caregivers. Mov Disord. 2020;35:912\u20134.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"2364_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Antonini A, Leta V, Teo J, Chaudhuri KR. Outcome of Parkinson\u2019s Disease patients affected by COVID-19. Mov Disord. 2020;35 905-908 mds.28104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.28104.","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28104"},{"key":"2364_CR4","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"KR Chaudhuri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chaudhuri KR, Rukavina K, McConvey V, Antonini A, Lorenzl S, Bhidayasiri R, et al. The impact of COVID-19 on palliative care for people with Parkinson's and response to future pandemics. Expert Rev Neurother. 2021;19:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"2364_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28622","volume":"36","author":"V Leta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leta V, Rodr\u00edguez-Violante M, Abundes A, Rukavina K, Teo JT, Falup-Pecurariu C, et al. Parkinson's Disease and Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: The Parkinson's Long-COVID Spectrum. Mov Disord. 2021;36:1287\u20139.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"2364_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0855-3","volume":"252","author":"Y Balash","year":"2005","unstructured":"Balash Y, Peretz C, Leibovich G, Herman T, Hausdorff JM, Giladi N. Falls in outpatients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: Frequency, impact and identifying factors. J Neurol. 2005;252:1310\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-005-0855-3.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2364_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.2217\/nmt.14.22","volume":"4","author":"CG Canning","year":"2014","unstructured":"Canning CG, Paul SS, Nieuwboer A. Prevention of falls in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a review of fall risk factors and the role of physical interventions. Neurodegener Dis Manag. 2014;4:203\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/nmt.14.22.","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis Manag"},{"key":"2364_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09197-0","volume":"266","author":"I Galtier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Galtier I, Nieto A, Lorenzo JN, Barroso J. Subjective cognitive decline and progression to dementia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a long-term follow-up study. J Neurol. 2019;266:745\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09197-0.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2364_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101760","volume":"71","author":"FS Then","year":"2014","unstructured":"Then FS, Luck T, Luppa M, Thinschmidt M, Deckert S, Nieuwenhuijsen K, et al. Systematic review of the effect of the psychosocial working environment on cognition and dementia. Occup Environ Med. 2014;71:358\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oemed-2013-101760.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2364_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4998","volume":"33","author":"YT Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu YT, Clare L, Jones IR, Martyr A, Nelis SM, Quinn C, et al. Inequalities in living well with dementia\u2014The impact of deprivation on well-being, quality of life and life satisfaction: Results from the improving the experience of dementia and enhancing active life study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2018;33:1736\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.4998.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2364_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9993(86)90007-9","volume":"67","author":"SS Palmer","year":"1986","unstructured":"Palmer SS, Mortimer JA, Webster DD, Bistevins R, Dickinson GI. Exercise Therapy for Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1986;67:741\u20135.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2364_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/69.11.944","volume":"69","author":"M Schenkman","year":"1989","unstructured":"Schenkman M, Donovan J, Tsubota J, Kluss M, Stebbins P, Butler RB. Management of individuals with Parkinson\u2019s disease: Rationale and case studies. Phys Ther. 1989;69:944\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ptj\/69.11.944.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2364_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193113","volume":"13","author":"FC Da Silva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Da Silva FC, Iop RDR, De Oliveira LC, Boll AM, De Alvarenga JGS, Filho PJBG, et al. Effects of physical exercise programs on cognitive function in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of the last 10 years. PLoS One. 2018;13:1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0193113.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2364_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.3.181","volume":"55","author":"AJ Hughes","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hughes AJ, Daniel SE, Kilford L, Lees AJ. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease: A clinico-pathological study of 100 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1992;55:181\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.55.3.181.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2364_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.17.5.427","volume":"17","author":"M Hoehn","year":"1967","unstructured":"Hoehn M, Yahr M. Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality. Neurology. 1967;17:427\u201342.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"2364_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","volume":"12","author":"MF Folstein","year":"1975","unstructured":"Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. \u201cMini-mental state\u201d: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12:189\u201398.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2364_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.07.001","volume":"78","author":"M Fabbri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fabbri M, Caldas AC, Ramos JB, Sanchez-Ferro \u00c1, Antonini A, R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka E, et al. Moving towards home-based community-centred integrated care in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2020;78:21\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.07.001.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"2364_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30064-8","volume":"19","author":"BR Bloem","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bloem BR, Henderson EJ, Dorsey ER, Okun MS, Okubadejo N, Chan P, et al. Integrated and patient-centred management of Parkinson\u2019s disease: a network model for reshaping chronic neurological care. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19:623\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30064-8.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2364_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-012-1112-z","volume":"34","author":"A Antonini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Antonini A, Abbruzzese G, Ferini-Strambi L, Tilley B, Huang J, Stebbins GT, et al. MDS-UPDRS Italian Validation Study Group Validation of the Italian version of the Movement Disorder Society--Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Neurol Sci. 2013;34:683\u20137.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2364_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23429","volume":"25","author":"CL Tomlinson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tomlinson CL, Stowe R, Patel S, Rick C, Gray R, Clarke CE. Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord. 2010;25:2649\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.23429.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"2364_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.2013.93.4.571","volume":"93","author":"L King","year":"2013","unstructured":"King L, Horak F. On the Mini-BESTest: Scoring and the Reporting of Total Scores. Phys Ther. 2013;93:571\u20135.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2364_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26572","volume":"31","author":"BR Bloem","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bloem BR, Marinus J, Almeida Q, Dibble L, Nieuwboer A, Post B, et al. Committee, Measurement instruments to assess posture, gait, and balance in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Critique and recommendations. Mov Disord. 2016;31:1342\u201355.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"2364_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215519877498","volume":"33","author":"SJ Winser","year":"2019","unstructured":"Winser SJ, Kannan P, Bello UM, Whitney SL. Measures of balance and falls risk prediction in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review of psychometric properties. Clin Rehabil. 2019;33:1949\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269215519877498.","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"2364_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0b013e31821a620c","volume":"35","author":"AL Leddy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leddy AL, Crowner BE, Earhart GM. Utility of the mini-BESTest, BESTest, and BESTest sections for balance assessments in individuals with Parkinson disease. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2011;35:90\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NPT.0b013e31821a620c.","journal-title":"J Neurol Phys Ther"},{"key":"2364_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.166\/1\/111","volume":"166","author":"A.T.S. and Others","year":"2002","unstructured":"A.T.S. and Others. ATS Statement\u00a0: Guidelines for the Six-Minute Walk Test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:111\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.166\/1\/111.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2364_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.07.108","volume":"30","author":"A Nieuwboer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nieuwboer A, Rochester L, Herman T, Vandenberghe W, Emil GE, Thomaes T, et al. Reliability of the new freezing of gait questionnaire: Agreement between patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease and their carers. Gait Posture. 2009;30:459\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.07.108.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"2364_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.01.009","volume":"20","author":"R Biundo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Biundo R, Weis L, Facchini S, Formento-Dojot P, Vallelunga A, Pilleri M, et al. Cognitive profiling of Parkinson disease patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014;20:394\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.01.009.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"2364_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Biundo R, Weis L, Antonini A. Cognitive decline in Parkinson\u2019s disease: the complex picture. Npj Park Dis. 2016;2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npjparkd.2016.18.","DOI":"10.1038\/npjparkd.2016.18"},{"key":"2364_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-019-02065-1","volume":"126","author":"E Fiorenzato","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fiorenzato E, Antonini A, Camparini V, Weis L, Semenza C, Biundo R. Characteristics and progression of cognitive deficits in progressive supranuclear palsy vs. multiple system atrophy and Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neural Transm. 2019;126:1437\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-019-02065-1.","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"2364_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-019-02129-2","volume":"127","author":"A Martini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martini A, Weis L, Schifano R, Pistonesi F, Fiorenzato E, Antonini A, et al. Differences in cognitive profiles between Lewy body and Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia. J Neural Transm. 2020;127:323\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-019-02129-2.","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"2364_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-017-1747-2","volume":"124","author":"D K\u00fcbler","year":"2017","unstructured":"K\u00fcbler D, Schroll H, Buchert R, K\u00fchn AA. Cognitive performance correlates with the degree of dopaminergic degeneration in the associative part of the striatum in non-demented Parkinson\u2019s patients. J Neural Transm. 2017;124:1073\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-017-1747-2.","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"2364_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2009.00368.x","volume":"20","author":"LC Silbert","year":"2010","unstructured":"Silbert LC, Kaye J. Neuroimaging and cognition in parkinson\u2019s disease dementia. Brain Pathol. 2010;20:646\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2009.00368.x.","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"2364_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn112","volume":"131","author":"JB Rowe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rowe JB, Hughes L, Ghosh BCP, Eckstein D, Williams-Gray CH, Fallon S, et al. Parkinson\u2019s disease and dopaminergic therapy - Differential effects on movement, reward and cognition. Brain. 2008;131:2094\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awn112.","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"2364_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","volume":"53","author":"ZS Nasreddine","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, B\u00e9dirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, et al. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A Brief ScreeningTool For Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:695\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2364_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-019-3700-7","volume":"40","author":"M Siciliano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siciliano M, Chiorri C, Passaniti C, Sant\u2019Elia V, Trojano L, Santangelo G. Comparison of alternate and original forms of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): an Italian normative study. Neurol Sci. 2019;40:691\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-019-3700-7.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2364_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.05.007","volume":"19","author":"J Kulisevsky","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kulisevsky J, Fern\u00e1ndez de Bobadilla R, Pagonabarraga J, Mart\u00ednez-Horta S, Campolongo A, Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1nchez C, et al. Measuring functional impact of cognitive impairment: Validation of the Parkinson\u2019s disease cognitive functional rating scale. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2013;19:812\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.05.007.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"2364_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1963.03060120024016","volume":"21","author":"S Katz","year":"1963","unstructured":"Katz S, Fors AB, Moskowitz RW, Jackson BA, Jaeffe MW. Studies of illness in the aged. The index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA. 1963;21:914\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2364_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1949.02900240052023","volume":"1","author":"MP Lawton","year":"1969","unstructured":"Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist. 1969;1:179\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1949.02900240052023.","journal-title":"Gerontologist."},{"key":"2364_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/pl00007730","volume":"245","author":"V Peto","year":"1998","unstructured":"Peto V, Jenkinson C, Fitzpatrick R. PDQ-39: A review of the development, validation and application of a Parkinson\u2019s Disease quality of life questionnaire and its associated measures. J Neurol Suppl. 1998;245:10\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/pl00007730.","journal-title":"J Neurol Suppl"},{"key":"2364_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195424","volume":"13","author":"ML Dontje","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dontje ML, Dall PM, Skelton DA, Gill JMR, Chastin SFM. Reliability, minimal detectable change and responsiveness to change: Indicators to select the best method to measure sedentary behaviour in older adults in different study designs. PLoS One. 2019;13:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0195424.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2364_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-014-0235-7","volume":"14","author":"N L\u00f6fgren","year":"2014","unstructured":"L\u00f6fgren N, Lenholm E, Conradsson D, St\u00e5hle A, Franz\u00e9n E. The Mini-BESTest - a clinically reproducible tool for balance evaluations in mild to moderate Parkinson\u2019s disease? BMC Neurol. 2014;14:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-014-0235-7.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"2364_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.10.006","volume":"21","author":"K Horv\u00e1th","year":"2015","unstructured":"Horv\u00e1th K, Aschermann Z, \u00c1cs P, Deli G, Janszky J, Komoly S, et al. Minimal clinically important difference on the Motor Examination part of MDS-UPDRS. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2015;21:1421\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.10.006.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"2364_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20070214","volume":"88","author":"T Steffen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Steffen T, Seney M. Form health survey, and the unified Parkinson disease rating scale in people with parkinsonism. Phys Ther. 2008;88:733\u201346.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2364_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-015-0047-8","volume":"4","author":"GJ Revuelta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Revuelta GJ, Embry A, Elm JJ, Gregory C, Delambo A, Kautz S, et al. Pilot study of atomoxetine in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease and dopa-unresponsive Freezing of Gait. Transl Neurodegener. 2015;4:2\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40035-015-0047-8.","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"key":"2364_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.10.027","volume":"20","author":"C Trevisan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Trevisan C, Crippa A, Ek S, Welmer AK, Sergi G, Maggi S, et al. Nutritional Status, Body Mass Index, and the Risk of Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2019;20:569\u201382.e7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.10.027.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"2364_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160248","volume":"53","author":"J Feeney","year":"2016","unstructured":"Feeney J, Savva GM, O\u2019Regan C, King-Kallimanis B, Cronin H, Kenny RA. Measurement error, reliability, and minimum detectable change in the Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Color Trails Test among community living middle-aged and older adults. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016;53:1107\u201314.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2364_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00863","volume":"4","author":"D Lakens","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lakens D. Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs. Front Psychol. 2013;4:863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00863.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2364_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03193146","volume":"39","author":"F Faul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39:175\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/bf03193146.","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"2364_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.01.023","volume":"98","author":"C Schlenstedt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schlenstedt C, Mancini M, Horak F, Peterson D. Anticipatory Postural Adjustment During Self-Initiated , Cued , and Compensatory Stepping in Healthy Older Adults and Patients With Parkinson Disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017;98:1316\u201324.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.01.023.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2364_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.05.013","volume":"91","author":"LA King","year":"2010","unstructured":"King LA, George RJS, Carlson-Kuhta P, Nutt JG, Horak FB. Preparation for compensatory forward stepping in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010;91:1332\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.05.013.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2364_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13026","volume":"7","author":"T Schirinzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schirinzi T, Di Lazzaro G, Salimei C, Cerroni R, Liguori C, Scalise S, et al. Physical Activity Changes and Correlate Effects in Patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease during COVID-19 Lockdown. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2020;7:797\u2013802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mdc3.13026.","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"2364_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.09.014","volume":"20","author":"JD Jones","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jones JD, Hass C, Mangal P, Lafo J, Okun MS, Bowers D. The Cognition and Emotional Well-being indices of the Parkinson\u2019s disease questionnaire-39: What do they really measure? Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014;20:1236\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.09.014.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02364-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02364-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02364-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T13:07:41Z","timestamp":1630328861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02364-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2364"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02364-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the Ethics committee of the Azienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 di Padova, Italy, with the Protocol Number 056881, and informed consent was obtained from the study participants. Participants read and signed an informed written consent form before participating in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest to report.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"332"}}