{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T21:48:59Z","timestamp":1757454539173,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637971200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Joint Construction Project of Henan Province and the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","award":["2018020114","2018020083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018020114","2018020083"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) with multiple auto-antibodies is of great clinical significance because its complex clinical manifestations and atypical imaging increase the difficulty of diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment, which may aggravate the disease, increase the recurrence rate and mortality. The coexistence of anti-Leucinie-rich Glioma Inactivated 1 (LGI1) and anti-\u03b3-aminobutyric acid-beta-receptor 1 (GABA<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>R1) has not been published before.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We herein present the case of a 60-year-old man with slow response, behavioral changes, psychosis and sleep disorders. Laboratory test included serum hyponatremia, positive serum LGI1 and GABA<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>R1 antibodies using transfected cell-based assays. Electroencephalogram exhibited moderate diffusion abnormality. The patient responded well to steroid impulse treatment and sodium supplement therapy, and did not recur during the follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Here we report the first AE characterized by positive LGI1 and GABA<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>R1 antibodies, as well as summarizing AE with multiple auto-antibodies reported so far, hopefully to provide experience for clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02460-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T04:36:11Z","timestamp":1637987771000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Autoimmune encephalitis with coexistent LGI1 and GABABR1 antibodies: case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nanchang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2460_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318224afde","volume":"77","author":"E Lancaster","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lancaster E, Martinez-Hernandez E, Dalmau J. Encephalitis and antibodies to synaptic and neuronal cell surface proteins. Neurology. 2011;77(2):179\u201389.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"8","key":"2460_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.034447","volume":"75","author":"F Graus","year":"2004","unstructured":"Graus F, Delattre JY, Antoine JC, Dalmau J, Giometto B, Grisold W, et al. Recommended diagnostic criteria for paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(8):1135\u201340.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2460_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00010.2016","volume":"97","author":"J Dalmau","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dalmau J, Geis C, Graus F. Both LGI-1 and GABABR1 are autoantigens of treatment-response limbic encephalitis. 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Written informed consent was obtained from the patient.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent regarding the submission and potential publication of this manuscript was obtained from the patient. Additionally, consent for treatment was likewise obtained in the usual fashion during the course of the patient\u2019s hospitalization.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All authors claimed that there were no conflicts of interest. The above funding bodies played a role in the analysis and interpretation of data.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"461"}}