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Our study aims to clarify the relationship between small and dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) (a subcomponent of LDL-C) and neuroimaging markers of CSVD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In total, 1211 Chinese adults aged \u226545\u2009years with cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were recruited in this retrospective study from January 2018 to May 2021. Serum lipids and other baseline characteristics were investigated in relation to the occurrence of CSVD. A logistic regression model was performed to analyze the relationships between LDL subtypes and CSVD risk, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between clinical characteristics and CSVD risk. ROC curves and AUCs were created and depicted to predict the best cutoff value of LDL-C subtypes for CSVD risk. Based on these data, we performed comprehensive analyses to investigate the risk factors for CSVD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ultimately, 623 eligible patients were included in the present study. Of the 623 eligible patients, 487 were included in the CSVD group, and 136 were included in the group without CSVD (control group). We adjusted for confounders in the multivariate logistic regression model, and LDL-C3 was still higher in the CSVD patients than in the group of those without CSVD (OR (95% CI), 1.22(1.08\u20131.38), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Pearson correlation showed that there was a positive correlation between the levels of LDL-C3, LDL-C4, LDL-C5, glucose, age, hypertension, previous ischemic stroke and CSVD risk (<jats:italic>r\u2009&gt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.15, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.01). Moreover, the best cutoff value of LDL-C3 to predict CSVD was 9.5\u2009mg\/dL with 68.4% sensitivity and 72.8% specificity, and the best cutoff value of LDL-C4 to predict CSVD was 5.5\u2009mg\/dL with 50.5% sensitivity and 90.4% specificity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results indicate that LDL-C3 is an independent risk factor for CSVD. A new prediction model based on LDL-C3 and LDL-C4 can help clinicians identify high-risk CSVD, even in people with normal LDL-C levels. The levels of sdLDL-C should be considered in the assessment and management of CSVD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02472-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]],"date-time":"2021-11-09T09:02:37Z","timestamp":1636448557000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association between small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and neuroimaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease in middle-aged and elderly Chinese populations"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xiaorong","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cunsheng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junying","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2472_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(13)70060-7","volume":"12","author":"J Wardlaw","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wardlaw J, Smith C, Dichgans M. 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We obtained ethical approval for this study from the ethics committee of the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (reference number, 2016YFC1300500). Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"None.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"436"}}