{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T02:37:09Z","timestamp":1773196629626,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637539200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Primary orthostatic tremor (OT) is a rare movement disorder characterized by a 13\u201318\u2009Hz leg tremor, which arises when standing and is relieved by walking\/sitting. Those affected generally do not fall, but experience fear of falling, lessened by ambulation. Because of its low amplitude, the tremor is not readily visible, and diagnosis requires confirmation with surface electromyography (sEMG). Recently, applications using the accelerometer feature of smartphones have been used to detect and quantify tremors, including OT, though the accuracy of smartphone accelerometry (SPA) in diagnosing OT is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We completed SPA in consecutive adults (18+ years), who presented to our neurology clinic with either subjective leg shakiness upon standing or unsteadiness when standing that lessened with ambulation, which comprised 59 of 2578 patients. We assessed tremor using the StudyMyTremor application on an iPhone 6\u2009s adhered with tape to the patient\u2019s tibialis anterior. Surface electromyography was completed on the same muscle. The primary outcome of this study was to determine SPA\u2019s sensitivity and specificity in detecting OT compared with surface electromyography.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Fifty-nine patients with the following diagnoses were included: OT (6), Parkinson\u2019s disease, Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia, orthostatic hypotension, essential tremor, spinal cerebellar ataxia, sensory ataxia and functional movement disorder. Smartphone accelerometry detected a 13\u201318\u2009Hz tremor in 5 of 6 patients diagnosed with OT by sEMG with no false positives in other conditions, yielding a sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 100% in the cohort we studied.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Though a larger sample size is desirable, preliminary data suggest that smartphone accelerometry is an alternative to surface electromyography in diagnosing OT.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02486-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T05:02:22Z","timestamp":1637557342000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Diagnosis of orthostatic tremor using smartphone accelerometry"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Nicholas E.","family":"Calvo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2486_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00747","volume":"8","author":"L Maugest","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maugest L, McGovern EM, Mazalovic K, Doulazmi M, Apartis E, Anheim M, et al. Health-related quality of life is severely affected in primary orthostatic tremor. Front Neurol. 2018;8:747.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2486_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002328","volume":"86","author":"A Hassan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hassan A, Ahlskog JE, Matsumoto JY, Milber JM, Bower JH, Wilkinson JR. Orthostatic tremor: clinical, electrophysiologic, and treatment findings in 184 patients. Neurology. 2016;86(5):458\u201364.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"6","key":"2486_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12547","volume":"4","author":"D Bhatti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bhatti D, Thompson R, Hellman A, Penke C, Bertoni JM, Torres-Russotto D. Smartphone apps provide a simple, accurate bedside screening tool for orthostatic tremor. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2017;4(6):852\u20137.","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"2486_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.385","volume":"7","author":"A Balachandar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Balachandar A, Fasano A. Characterizing orthostatic tremor using a smartphone application. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2017;7:488.","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)"},{"key":"2486_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.324","volume":"6","author":"J Benito-Le\u00f3n","year":"2016","unstructured":"Benito-Le\u00f3n J, Domingo-Santos \u00c1. Orthostatic tremor: an update on a rare entity. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2016;6:411.","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)"},{"key":"2486_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(99)00012-7","volume":"60","author":"M Lauk","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lauk M, Timmer J, L\u00fccking CH, Honerkamp J, Deuschl G. A software for recording and analysis of human tremor. Comput Methods Prog Biomed. 1999;60:65\u201377.","journal-title":"Comput Methods Prog Biomed"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02486-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02486-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02486-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T17:03:53Z","timestamp":1637600633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02486-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2486"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02486-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 November 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Carilion Clinic Institutional Review Board (IRB#2505). All participants were given information regarding study procedures and subsequently provided informed consent. All research procedures complied with Declaration of Helsinki guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no current or prior potential conflicts of interest related to the research covered in the article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"457"}}