{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:15:06Z","timestamp":1772165706597,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The influence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the severity and prognosis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has been scarcely investigated. We aimed to explore the association of admission estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels with hemorrhagic stroke severity and outcomes in ICH patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patients enrolled in this study were from the China Stroke Center Alliance study (CSCA). Patients were divided into four groups according to differences in eGFR at admission (\u226590; 60\u201389; 45\u201359; &lt;\u200945). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association of the eGFR at admission with hemorrhagic stroke severity, in-hospital complications, discharge disposition, and in-hospital mortality after ICH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 85,167 patients with acute ICH were included in the analysis. Among them, 9493 (11.1%) had a baseline eGFR&lt;60\u2009ml\/min\/1.73\u2009m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . A low eGFR was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality [eGFR 60\u201389\u2009ml\/min\/1.73\u2009m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , odds ratio (OR) 1.36 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21\u20131.53); eGFR 45\u201359, 2.35 (1.97\u20132.82); eGFR&lt;45, 4.18 (3.7\u20134.72);\n                      <jats:italic>P for trend<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u20090.0001], non-routine discharge [eGFR 60\u201389, 1.11 (1.03\u20131.2); eGFR 45\u201359, 1.16 (1\u20131.35); eGFR&lt;45, 1.37 (1.23\u20131.53);\n                      <jats:italic>P for trend<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u20090.0001], hemorrhagic stroke severity [eGFR 60\u201389, 1 (0.95\u20131.05); eGFR 45\u201359, 1.39 (1.26\u20131.53); eGFR&lt;45, 1.81 (1.67\u20131.96);\n                      <jats:italic>P for trend<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u20090.0001], in-hospital complications of pneumonia [eGFR 60\u201389, 1.1 (1.05\u20131.14); eGFR 45\u201359, 1.3 (1.2\u20131.4); eGFR&lt;45, 1.66 (1.57\u20131.76);\n                      <jats:italic>P for trend<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u20090.0001] and hydrocephalus [eGFR 60\u201389, 0.99 (0.87\u20131.12); eGFR 45\u201359, 1.37 (1.1\u20131.7); eGFR&lt;45, 1.54 (1.32\u20131.8);\n                      <jats:italic>P for trend<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.0139] after adjusting for confounding factors. With the decline in eGFR, the risk of hematoma evacuation increased in patients with an eGFR 45 to 59\u2009ml\/min\/1.73\u2009m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.37\u20131.61). No significant association between differences in eGFR at baseline and in-hospital complication of recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage was observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low eGFR at baseline was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality, non-routine discharge, hemorrhagic stroke severity and in-hospital complications such as pneumonia, hydrocephalus and hematoma evacuation in acute ICH patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-022-02551-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T07:04:01Z","timestamp":1641798241000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of estimated glomerular filtration rate on clinical outcomes in patients with 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All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Participating hospitals received a healthcare quality assessment and research approval to collect data in the CSCA without requiring individual patient informed consent under the common rule or a waiver of authorization and exemption from their Institutional Review Board. Patient informed consent was waived by the Beijing Tiantan hospital Ethics Committee. Patient confidentiality will be protected in the following ways:(1) data are stripped of all identifiers before their use in research and (2) the use of data for these purposes is closely overseen by the China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases analytic center.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no financial or other conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"19"}}