{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T14:58:35Z","timestamp":1773154715383,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The dopaminergic system modulates growth hormone secretion and previous results have suggested a link between short stature and an increased risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In 36 Lewy body spectrum disease (LBD) cases (PD\u2009=\u200922) and 19 controls, nigral TH-positive neuron densities were measured postmortem from midbrain sections and corrected with the Abercrombie method. Body measurements were collected from autopsies or patient records. Our aim was to investigate the possible relationship between height and the density of neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>SNc neuron density (n\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) had an inverse association with height, (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.317, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) in patients. The association was not explained by weight, age, sex, brain weight, medication, or disease motor severity. The association was also separately observed in patients with PD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200922), but not in subjects who died without diagnosed neurological diseases.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Individual adult height may be connected to nigral neuron numbers in patients with LBDs, including PD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-022-02775-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T15:22:01Z","timestamp":1657639321000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Height and nigral neuron density in Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Saari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmilotta A.","family":"Backman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Wahlsten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Gardberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valtteri","family":"Kaasinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2775_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lai FY, Nath M, Hamby SE, Thompson JR, Nelson CP, Samani NJ. Adult height and risk of 50 diseases: a combined epidemiological and genetic analysis. BMC Med. 208;16(1):187.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-018-1175-7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1175-7"},{"key":"2775_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ragonese P, D\u2019Amelio M, Callari G, Aiello F, Morgante L, Savettieri G. Height as a potential indicator of early life events predicting Parkinson\u2019s disease: a case-control study. Mov Disord. 2007;22(15):2263\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.21728.","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21728"},{"key":"2775_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgensen TSH, Okholm GT, Christensen K, S\u00f8rensen TI, Osler M. Body height in young adult men and risk of dementia later in adult life. Elife. 2020;9(02):11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.51168.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.51168"},{"key":"2775_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Figueroa CA, Rosen CJ. Parkinson's disease and osteoporosis: basic and clinical implications. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2020;15(3):185\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17446651.2020.1756772.","DOI":"10.1080\/17446651.2020.1756772"},{"key":"2775_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Doherty KM, et al. Postural deformities in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10(6):538\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70067-9.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70067-9"},{"key":"2775_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saari L, Heiskanen L, Gardberg M, Kaasinen V. Depression and Nigral Neuron Density in Lewy Body Spectrum Diseases. Ann Neurol. 2021;89(5):1046\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.26046.","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26046"},{"key":"2775_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heiskanen L, Kivinen K, Gardberg M, Wahlsten P, Kaasinen V. Season of death and nigral neuronal density in a high-latitude region. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2019;45(3):314\u20137.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nan.12496.","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12496"},{"key":"2775_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2013.12.010","volume":"16","author":"A Fernihough","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fernihough A, McGovern ME. Physical stature decline and the health status of the elderly population in England. Econ Hum Biol. 2015;16:30\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ehb.2013.12.010.","journal-title":"Econ Hum Biol."},{"key":"2775_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nagashima T, Oami E, Kutsuna N, Ishiura S, Suo S. Dopamine regulates body size in Caenorhabditis elegans. Dev Biol. 2016;412(1):128\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ydbio.2016.02.021.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2016.02.021"},{"key":"2775_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Noa\u00edn D, et al. Central dopamine D2 receptors regulate growth-hormone-dependent body growth and pheromone signaling to conspecific males. J Neurosci. 2013;33(13):5834\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.5673-12.2013.","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.5673-12.2013"},{"key":"2775_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kostrzewa JP, Kostrzewa RA, Kostrzewa RM, Brus R, Nowak P. Perinatal 6-Hydroxydopamine to Produce a Lifelong Model of Severe Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2016;29:313\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/7854_2015_396.","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2015_396"},{"key":"2775_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Handa K, et al.\u00a0Bone loss caused by dopaminergic degeneration and levodopa treatment in Parkinson's disease model mice. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):13768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-50336-4.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50336-4"},{"key":"2775_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"De Pablo-Fernandez E, Courtney R, Holton JL, Warner TT. Hypothalamic \u03b1-synuclein and its relation to weight loss and autonomic symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Movement disorders\u202f: official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2017;32(2):296\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.26868.","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26868"},{"key":"2775_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yong VW, et al. Progressive and accelerated weight and body fat loss in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A three-year prospective longitudinal study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2020;77:28\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.06.015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.06.015"},{"key":"2775_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kistner A, Lhomm\u00e9e E, Krack P. Mechanisms of body weight fluctuations in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Neurol. 2014;5:84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2014.00084.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2014.00084"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-022-02775-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-022-02775-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-022-02775-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T15:22:39Z","timestamp":1657639359000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12883-022-02775-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2775"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-022-02775-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 March 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital District of Southwest Finland (decision 58\/1803\/2018), and was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent in this retrospective study was waived by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital District of Southwest Finland.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"LS has received funding from the state research funding of the Turku University Hospital, district of Southwest Finland, funding from The Finnish Parkinson Foundation and a travel grant from the Doctoral Programme in Clinical Research of the University of Turku. EB has received research grant from the Clinical Research Track of the University of Turku. PW has nothing to report. MG has received research funding from medical support association Liv och H\u00e4lsa, finnish Medical Association, K Albin Johansson foundation, Perkl\u00e9n foundation. VK has received grants from the Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, the P\u00e4ivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation, the Finnish Cultural Foundation, the Turku University Foundation and the Michael J. Fox Foundation, consulting fees from Nordic Infucare AB, has served in advisory boards for Abbvie and Nordic Infucare AB and has received speaker honoraria from Abbvie, GE Healthcare, Nordic Infucare, Teva and Orion Pharma.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"254"}}