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Optic neuritis (ON) is the most common symptom in MOGAD. To demonstrate the differences in retinal microvascular characteristics between patients with MOGAD-ON and aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-Ab) positive ON.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In a prospective study, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) were used to measure retinal and microvascular parameters.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Twenty-six MOGAD-ON eyes, 40 AQP4-ON eyes, and 60 control eyes were included in the study. The thickness of RNFL and GCC in MOGAD-ON eyes was significantly lower than that of HC (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, respectively), but comparable to AQP4-ON eyes. The vessel density in retina capillary plexus (RCP) was reduced significantly in MOGAD-ON than that in AQP4-ON (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, respectively). The visual accuracy was positively correlated with vessel density of superficial RCP in MOG-ON (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.001) and positively correlated with the thickness of the inner retina layer in AQP4-ON (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The retinal neuro-axonal damages between MOGAD-ON and AQP4-ON were comparable. Unlike AQP4-ON eyes, microvascular densities were significantly reduced in MOGAD-ON and were positively correlated with the deterioration of visual acuity in MOGAD-ON.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Clinical and Imaging Patterns of Neuroinflammation Diseases in China (CLUE, NCT: 04106830).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-022-02848-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,27]],"date-time":"2022-08-27T04:02:27Z","timestamp":1661572947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The difference of the retinal structural and microvascular characteristics in patients with MOGAD-ON and AQP4-ON"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yajun","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xindi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu-Dong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinghu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"De-Cai","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuxiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2848_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0112-x","volume":"15","author":"M Reindl","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reindl M, Waters P. 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