{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T13:17:49Z","timestamp":1774012669934,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ectopic pituitary adenoma (EPA) is defined as a special type of pituitary adenoma that originates outside of the sellar region, is extra- or intra-cranially located, and without connection to normal pituitary tissue. EPA is extremely rare, with most cases presented as case reports or small case series. Due to nonspecific symptoms and laboratory indicators, the preoperative diagnosis, treatment and management for EPA remain challenging.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Here, we report the imaging phenotype and pathological findings of a case of invasive EPA in a 47-year-old woman. A preoperative non-contrast CT scan revealed a 5.8\u2009\u00d7\u20093.6\u2009\u00d7\u20093.7\u00a0cm soft tissue mass located in the sphenoid sinus and clivus. MRI showed an ill-defined solid mass with heterogeneous signals on T1-weighted and T2-weighted images. The mass displayed infiltrative growth pattern, destroying bone of the skull base, invading adjacent muscles and encasing vessels. The patient underwent partial tumor resection via transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery. Pathological examination led to diagnosis of ectopic ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma. Post-surgery, the patient received external beam radiotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>EPA with invasive growth pattern has rarely been reported. The imaging phenotype displays its relationship to the pituitary tissue and surrounding structures. Immunohistochemical examination acts as a crucial role in differentiating EPA from other skull base tumors. This case report adds to the literature on EPA by summarizing its characteristics alongside a review of the literature.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-023-03124-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:03:27Z","timestamp":1677110607000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Ectopic invasive ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma mimicking chordoma: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0778-7718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian-Guo","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing-Quan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Jing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hong","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"3124_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.5.JNS131819","volume":"121","author":"H Gittleman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gittleman H, Ostrom QT, Farah PD, Ondracek A, Chen Y, Wolinsky Y, et al. Descriptive epidemiology of pituitary tumors in the United States, 2004\u20132009. J Neurosurg. 2014;121:527\u201335.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg."},{"key":"3124_CR2","first-page":"8371697","volume":"2016","author":"CL Karras","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karras CL, Abecassis IJ, Abecassis ZA, Adel JG, Bit-Ivan EN, Chandra RK, et al. Clival ectopic pituitary adenoma mimicking a chordoma: case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Neurol Med. 2016;2016:8371697.","journal-title":"Case Rep Neurol Med."},{"key":"3124_CR3","first-page":"1447","volume":"58","author":"AF B\u0103la\u015fa","year":"2017","unstructured":"B\u0103la\u015fa AF, Chinezu R, Teleanu DM, Pa\u015fcanu MI, Chinezu L, Borda A. Ectopic intracavernous corticotroph microadenoma: case report of an extremely rare pathology. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2017;58:1447\u201351.","journal-title":"Rom J Morphol Embryol."},{"key":"3124_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2013.09.007","volume":"115","author":"B Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu B, Zhuang Z, Luo J, Wang Y. A case report of an ectopic clival growth hormone adenoma associated with an empty sella and a review of the literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2013;115:2533\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg."},{"key":"3124_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850410008405","volume":"45","author":"JA Gondim","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gondim JA, Schops M, Ferreira E, Bulc\u00e3o T, Mota JI, Silveira C. Acromegaly due to an ectopic pituitary adenoma in the sphenoid sinus. Acta Radiol. 2004;45:689\u201391.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"3124_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-985195","volume":"17","author":"HS Bhatoe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bhatoe HS, Kotwal N, Badwal S. Clival pituitary adenoma with acromegaly: case report and review of literature. Skull Base. 2007;17:265\u20138.","journal-title":"Skull Base"},{"key":"3124_CR7","first-page":"233","volume":"46","author":"J Erdheim","year":"1909","unstructured":"Erdheim J. \u00dcber einen Hypophysentumor von ungew\u00f6hnlichem. Sitz Beitr Path Anat. 1909;46:233\u201340.","journal-title":"Sitz Beitr Path Anat"},{"key":"3124_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-020-01057-9","volume":"23","author":"L Riccio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Riccio L, Donofrio CA, Tomacelli G, De Blasi R, Melatini A. Ectopic GH-secreting pituitary adenoma of the clivus: systematic literature review of a challenging tumour. Pituitary. 2020;23:457\u201366.","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"3124_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E10","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.10.FOCUS14685","volume":"38","author":"J Seltzer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seltzer J, Lucas J, Commins D, Lerner O, Lerner A, Carmichael JD, et al. Ectopic ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma of the sphenoid sinus: case report of endoscopic endonasal resection and systematic review of the literature. Neurosurg Focus. 2015;38:E10.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"3124_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619161","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.619161","volume":"12","author":"X Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li X, Zhao B, Hou B, Wang J, Zhu JY, Yao Y, et al. Case report and literature review: ectopic thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma in the suprasellar region. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:619161.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"3124_CR11","first-page":"618","volume":"50","author":"L Hou","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hou L, Harshbarger T, Herrick MK, Tse V. Suprasellar adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting ectopic pituitary adenoma: case report and literature review. Neurosurgery. 2002;50:618\u201325.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"3124_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1177\/197140090601900608","volume":"19","author":"F Caranci","year":"2007","unstructured":"Caranci F, Cirillo L, Bartiromo F, Ferraioli M, Del Caro B, Esposito ML. Ectopic suprasellar pituitary adenoma. A case report. Neuroradiol J. 2007;19:731\u20135.","journal-title":"Neuroradiol J"},{"key":"3124_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.5114\/fn.2017.66714","volume":"55","author":"EJ Bobeff","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bobeff EJ, Wisniewski K, Papierz W, Stefanczyk L, Jaskolski DJ. Three cases of ectopic sphenoid sinus pituitary adenoma. Folia Neuropathol. 2017;55:60\u20136.","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol"},{"key":"3124_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.10.200","volume":"122","author":"W Shuman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shuman W, Loewenstern J, Pai A, Bederson J, Shrivastava R. Variability in clinical presentation and pathologic implications of ectopic pituitary tumors: critical review of literature. World Neurosurg. 2019;122:397\u2013403.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"3124_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1592081","volume":"78","author":"BA Tajudeen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tajudeen BA, Kuan EC, Adappa ND, Han JK, Chandra RK, Palmer JN, et al. Ectopic pituitary adenomas presenting as sphenoid or clival lesions: case series and management recommendations. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2017;78:120\u20134.","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"key":"3124_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.1.73","volume":"55","author":"W Kamphorst","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kamphorst W, Wolbers JG, Ponssen H, Karim AB. Ectopic parasellar pituitary adenoma with subarachnoid seeding. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1992;55:73\u20134.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"3124_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1600515","volume":"79","author":"T Endo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Endo T, Ogawa Y, Watanabe M, Tominaga T. A case of pituitary carcinoma initially diagnosed as an ectopic growth hormone producing pituitary adenoma with a high Ki-67 labeling index. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2018;79:90\u20135.","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg"},{"key":"3124_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200208000-00015","volume":"26","author":"N Hosaka","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hosaka N, Kitajiri S, Hiraumi H, Nogaki H, Toki J, Yang G, et al. Ectopic pituitary adenoma with malignant transformation. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26:1078\u201382.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"3124_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8912","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000008912","volume":"96","author":"J Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang J, Liu S, Yang Z, Shi YB. Ectopic thyrotropin secreting pituitary adenoma concomitant with papillary thyroid carcinoma: case report. Med (Baltim). 2017;96:e8912.","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"3124_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/76663418","volume":"83","author":"BT Yang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yang BT, Chong VF, Wang ZC, Xian JF, Chen QH. Sphenoid sinus ectopic pituitary adenomas: CT and MRI findings. Br J Radiol. 2010;83:218\u201324.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"3124_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2012000900019","volume":"70","author":"JR Ferraz-Filho","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ferraz-Filho JR, Torres US, Teixeira AC, Castro ML, Dias MA. Ectopic growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma involving the clivus treated with octreotide: role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and clinical follow-up. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2012;70:744\u20135.","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"3124_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2014.07.037","volume":"82","author":"BA Miller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miller BA, Ioachimescu AG, Oyesiku NM. Contemporary indications for transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. World Neurosurg. 2014;82:147\u201351.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-023-03124-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-023-03124-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-023-03124-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:04:36Z","timestamp":1677110676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12883-023-03124-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-023-03124-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 June 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 February 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was waived by the research ethics committee of the second affiliated hospital of Nanjing medical university. Written informed consent was obtained from the parent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"81"}}