{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T23:40:27Z","timestamp":1793230827117,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700179200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent disease of the central nervous system that affects the behavioral characteristics and lifestyle of patients. This study aimed to determine the social stigma and its relationship with quality of life in people with MS referring to the Jahrom MS Association.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This cross-sectional study was conducted on MS patients who are members of the MS Association of Jahrom City in Fars province, southern Iran in 2022. The samples were selected by census method. The number of participants remain 223 people. The data was collected using a standard two-part demographic and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQOL-54) questionnaire and a researcher-made 20-question Social stigma questionnaire which validity and reliability were measured. Data analysis was done in a descriptive way (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation), univariate regression and multivariable linear regression. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 17 and at a significance level of less than 0.05.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Based on univariate regression, marriage [B\u2009=\u20090.2, p-value\u2009=\u20090.004], physical health [B\u2009=\u20090.4, p-value\u2009&lt;\u20090.001], emotional well-being [B\u2009=\u20090.4, p-value\u2009=\u20090.001], cognitive functioning [B\u2009=\u20090.4, p-value\u2009&lt;\u20090.001], health distress [B\u2009=\u20090.5, p-value\u2009&lt;\u20090.001] had a positive and significant relationship with patients\u2019 quality of life. Duration of disease [B=-0.2, p-value\u2009&lt;\u20090.001], physical role limitations [B=-0.4, p-value\u2009&lt;\u20090.001], emotional role limitations [B=-0.5, p-value\u2009&lt;\u20090.001], pain [B=-0.4, p-value\u2009&lt;\u20090.001], energy [B=-0.3, p-value\u2009=\u20090.02], health perception [B=-0.3, p-value\u2009=\u20090.001], social functioning [B=-0.4, p-value\u2009&lt;\u20090.001], sexual function [B=-0.3, p-value\u2009&lt;\u20090.001], change in health [B=-0.3, p-value\u2009&lt;\u20090.001], sexual function satisfaction [B=-0.3, p-value\u2009&lt;\u20090.001] and social stigma [B=-0.3, p-value\u2009&lt;\u20090.001] had a negative and significant relationship with patients\u2019 quality of life (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study has emphasized the relationship between the extent and severity of symptoms and disorders with the quality of life of people with MS. The results of the study showed factors such as marriage, physical health and health distress have a positive relationship and factors like duration of disease, physical role limitations, and social stigma have a negative relationship with the quality of life of people with MS. The quality of life of people with MS is more influenced by mental and psychological factors than the physical limitations of these patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-023-03395-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T07:02:15Z","timestamp":1700204535000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Social stigma and its relationship with quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Nader","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vahid","family":"Kohpeima Jahromi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razieh","family":"Zahedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabnam","family":"Aram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"3395_CR1","first-page":"64","volume":"21","author":"Y Jafari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jafari Y, Vahedian-Shahroodi M, Tehrani H, Haresabadi M, Shariati M. The relationship between caregivers\u2019 health literacy and the behavior of women with multiple sclerosis. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil. 2018;21(7):64\u201371.","journal-title":"Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil"},{"issue":"7","key":"3395_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-019-00793-6","volume":"39","author":"M Yeganeh Salehpour","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yeganeh Salehpour M, Mollica A, Momtaz S, Sanadgol N, Farzaei MH. Melatonin and multiple sclerosis: from plausible neuropharmacological mechanisms of action to experimental and clinical evidence. Clin Drug Investig. 2019;39(7):607\u201324.","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"3395_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sajadi M, Davodabady F, Ebrahimi-Monfared M. The effect of foot reflexology on fatigue, sleep quality and anxiety in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Neurosci. 2020;7(3).","DOI":"10.5812\/ans.102591"},{"key":"3395_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2019.101573","volume":"45","author":"KM Fleming","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fleming KM, Coote SB, Herring MP. The feasibility of Pilates to improve symptoms of anxiety, depression, and fatigue among people with multiple sclerosis: an eight-week randomized controlled pilot trial. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2019;45:101573.","journal-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc"},{"issue":"14","key":"3395_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841","volume":"26","author":"C Walton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walton C, King R, Rechtman L, Kaye W, Leray E, Marrie RA, et al. Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: insights from the Atlas of MS, third edition. Mult Scler. 2020;26(14):1816\u201321.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"1","key":"3395_CR6","first-page":"233","volume":"43","author":"O Mirmosayyeb","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mirmosayyeb O, Shaygannejad V, Bagherieh S, Hosseinabadi AM, Ghajarzadeh M. Prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Sci off J Ital Neurol Soc Ital Soc Clin Neurophysiol. 2022;43(1):233\u201341.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci off J Ital Neurol Soc Ital Soc Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"3395_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khaleghdoust S, Ghazisaeedi M, Ghotbi N. Informational requirements of a mobile-based system for increasing physical activity in persons with multiple sclerosis. J Mod Rehabil. 2022.","DOI":"10.18502\/jmr.v16i3.10145"},{"issue":"1","key":"3395_CR8","first-page":"16","volume":"1","author":"H Jahanbani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jahanbani H, Abtahi SH, Manavi SP, Fereidan-Esfahani M. Updated systematic review on epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Iran: central accumulation and possible role for industrial pollution. J Reviews Med Sci. 2021;1(1):16\u201324.","journal-title":"J Reviews Med Sci"},{"key":"3395_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vasudevan S, Devulapally S, Chirravuri K, Elangovan V, Kesavan N. Personalized yoga therapy for multiple sclerosis: Effect on Symptom Management and Quality of Life. Int J Yoga Therap. 2021;31(1).","DOI":"10.17761\/2021-D-19-00037"},{"key":"3395_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102693","volume":"48","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Du Q, Chen H, Shi Z, Wang J, et al. Differences in physical, mental, and social functions between males and females in multiple sclerosis: a multicenter cross-sectional study in China. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021;48:102693.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"3395_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.02.010","volume":"43","author":"KB Alphonsus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alphonsus KB, Su Y, D\u2019Arcy C. The effect of exercise, yoga and physiotherapy on the quality of life of people with multiple sclerosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2019;43:188\u201395.","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3395_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215517730670","volume":"32","author":"F Broersma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Broersma F, Oeseburg B, Dijkstra J, Wynia K. The impact of self-perceived limitations, stigma and sense of coherence on quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients: results of a cross-sectional study. Clin Rehabil. 2018;32(4):536\u201345.","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"3395_CR13","first-page":"1","volume":"27","author":"S Kalantari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kalantari S, Karbakhsh M, Kamiab Z, Kalantari Z, Sahraian MA. Perceived social stigma in patients with multiple sclerosis: a study from Iran. Acta Neurol Taiwan. 2018;27(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Taiwan"},{"issue":"1","key":"3395_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17645\/si.v8i1.2930","volume":"8","author":"P Smets","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smets P, Kusenbach M. New research on housing and territorial stigma: introduction to the thematic issue. Soc Incl. 2020;8(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"Soc Incl"},{"issue":"6","key":"3395_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12627","volume":"27","author":"M Mohammadzadeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mohammadzadeh M, Awang H, Mirzaei F. Mental health stigma among Middle Eastern adolescents: a protocol for a systematic review. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2020;27(6):829\u201337.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"3395_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-016-0621-4","volume":"16","author":"M Anagnostouli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anagnostouli M, Katsavos S, Artemiadis A, Zacharis M, Argyrou P, Theotoka I, et al. Determinants of stigma in a cohort of hellenic patients suffering from multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study. BMC Neurol. 2016;16:101.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"3395_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102046","volume":"41","author":"J Maurino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maurino J, Mart\u00ednez-Gin\u00e9s ML, Garc\u00eda-Dom\u00ednguez JM, Solar MD, Carcel\u00e9n-Gadea M, Ares-Luque A, et al. Workplace difficulties, health-related quality of life, and perception of stigma from the perspective of patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020;41:102046.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"3395_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2016.1138556","volume":"39","author":"AM Silverman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Silverman AM, Verrall AM, Alschuler KN, Smith AE, Ehde DM. Bouncing back again, and again: a qualitative study of resilience in people with multiple sclerosis. Disabil Rehabil. 2017;39(1):14\u201322.","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"11","key":"3395_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215513487234","volume":"27","author":"KM van der Beek","year":"2013","unstructured":"van der Beek KM, Bos I, Middel B, Wynia K. Experienced stigmatization reduced quality of life of patients with a neuromuscular disease: a cross-sectional study. Clin Rehabil. 2013;27(11):1029\u201338.","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"3395_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.01.015","volume":"208","author":"MH Cadden","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cadden MH, Arnett PA, Tyry TM, Cook JE. Judgment hurts: the psychological consequences of experiencing stigma in multiple sclerosis. Soc Sci Med. 2018;208:158\u201364.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3395_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.33316","volume":"55","author":"H Ghaem","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ghaem H, Haghighi AB, Jafari P, Nikseresht AR. Validity and reliability of the Persian version of the multiple sclerosis quality of life questionnaire. Neurol India. 2007;55(4):369.","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"issue":"2","key":"3395_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2015-013","volume":"18","author":"H Garg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garg H, Bush S, Gappmaier E. Associations between fatigue and disability, functional mobility, Depression, and quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis. Int J MS Care. 2016;18(2):71\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J MS Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"3395_CR23","first-page":"617","volume":"24","author":"S Shahrbanian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shahrbanian S, Duquette P, Kuspinar A, Mayo NE. Contribution of symptom clusters to multiple sclerosis consequences. Qual life Res an Int J Qual life Asp Treat care Rehabil. 2015;24(3):617\u201329.","journal-title":"Qual life Res an Int J Qual life Asp Treat care Rehabil"},{"issue":"7","key":"3395_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0200254","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200254","volume":"13","author":"E Hyncicova","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hyncicova E, Kalina A, Vyhnalek M, Nikolai T, Martinkovic L, Lisy J, et al. Health-related quality of life, neuropsychiatric symptoms and structural brain changes in clinically isolated syndrome. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(7):e0200254.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"3395_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12142","volume":"129","author":"G Klevan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Klevan G, Jacobsen CO, Aarseth JH, Myhr K-M, Nyland H, Glad S, et al. Health related quality of life in patients recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2014;129(1):21\u20136.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"3395_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.01.013","volume":"20","author":"E Ciampi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ciampi E, Uribe-San-Martin R, V\u00e1squez M, Ruiz-Tagle A, Labbe T, Cruz JP, et al. Relationship between Social Cognition and traditional cognitive impairment in progressive multiple sclerosis and possible implicated neuroanatomical regions. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2018;20:122\u20138.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"3395_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12370","volume":"132","author":"JJ Fern\u00e1ndez-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Mu\u00f1oz JJ, Mor\u00f3n-Verdasco A, Cigar\u00e1n-M\u00e9ndez M, Mu\u00f1oz-Hell\u00edn E, P\u00e9rez-de-Heredia-Torres M. Fern\u00e1ndez-de-las-Pe\u00f1as C. Disability, quality of life, personality, cognitive and psychological variables associated with fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2015;132(2):118\u201324.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"3395_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/0008417417727298","volume":"85","author":"M Colbeck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Colbeck M. Sensory processing, cognitive fatigue, and quality of life in multiple sclerosis: Traitement de l\u2019information sensorielle, fatigue cognitive et qualit\u00e9 de vie des personnes atteintes de scl\u00e9rose en plaques. Can J Occup Ther. 2018;85(2):169\u201375.","journal-title":"Can J Occup Ther"},{"key":"3395_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dymecka J, Bidzan M. Biomedical variables and adaptation to Disease and Health-Related Quality of Life in Polish patients with MS. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(12).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15122678"},{"issue":"3","key":"3395_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.10.093","volume":"97","author":"AL Kratz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kratz AL, Ehde DM, Hanley MA, Jensen MP, Osborne TL, Kraft GH. Cross-sectional examination of the Associations between symptoms, Community Integration, and Mental Health in multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016;97(3):386\u201394.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"10","key":"3395_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511407951","volume":"17","author":"O Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez O, Baumstarck-Barrau K, Simeoni M-C, Auquier P. Patient characteristics and determinants of quality of life in an international population with multiple sclerosis: assessment using the MusiQoL and SF-36 questionnaires. Mult Scler. 2011;17(10):1238\u201349.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"3395_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2015.12.003","volume":"6","author":"N Farran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Farran N, Ammar D, Darwish H. Quality of life and coping strategies in lebanese multiple sclerosis patients: a pilot study. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2016;6:21\u20137.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"3395_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2016-008","volume":"20","author":"LB Grech","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grech LB, Kiropoulos LA, Kirby KM, Butler E, Paine M, Hester R. Target coping strategies for interventions aimed at maximizing Psychosocial Adjustment in people with multiple sclerosis. Int J MS Care. 2018;20(3):109\u201319.","journal-title":"Int J MS Care"},{"key":"3395_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.06.001","volume":"25","author":"AL Hern\u00e1ndez-Ledesma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ledesma AL, Rodr\u00edguez-M\u00e9ndez AJ, Gallardo-Vidal LS, Trejo-Cruz G, Garc\u00eda-Sol\u00eds P, de D\u00e1vila-Esquivel F. Coping strategies and quality of life in mexican multiple sclerosis patients: physical, psychological and social factors relationship. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2018;25:122\u20137.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"3395_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2018.05.003","volume":"11","author":"LB Strober","year":"2018","unstructured":"Strober LB. Quality of life and psychological well-being in the early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS): importance of adopting a biopsychosocial model. Disabil Health J. 2018;11(4):555\u201361.","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"issue":"5","key":"3395_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511426735","volume":"18","author":"LB Strober","year":"2012","unstructured":"Strober LB, Christodoulou C, Benedict RHB, Westervelt HJ, Melville P, Scherl WF, et al. Unemployment in multiple sclerosis: the contribution of personality and disease. Mult Scler. 2012;18(5):647\u201353.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"10","key":"3395_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215517695374","volume":"31","author":"E Calandri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Calandri E, Graziano F, Borghi M, Bonino S. Coping strategies and adjustment to multiple sclerosis among recently diagnosed patients: the mediating role of sense of coherence. Clin Rehabil. 2017;31(10):1386\u201395.","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"3395_CR38","first-page":"136","volume":"12","author":"S Rezaali","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rezaali S, Khalilnezhad A, Naser Moghadasi A, Chaibakhsh S, Sahraian MA. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Qom: demographic study in Iran. Iran J Neurol. 2013;12(4):136\u201343.","journal-title":"Iran J Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3395_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1159\/000321649","volume":"64","author":"MA Sahraian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sahraian MA, Khorramnia S, Ebrahim MM, Moinfar Z, Lotfi J, Pakdaman H. Multiple sclerosis in Iran: a demographic study of 8,000 patients and changes over time. Eur Neurol. 2010;64(6):331\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"3395_CR40","unstructured":"Magyari M. Gender differences in multiple sclerosis epidemiology and treatment response. Dan Med J. 2016;63(3)."},{"issue":"3","key":"3395_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000695","volume":"32","author":"M Magyari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Magyari M, Sorensen PS. The changing course of multiple sclerosis: rising incidence, change in geographic distribution, disease course, and prognosis. Curr Opin Neurol. 2019;32(3):320\u20136.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"3395_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6267-7","volume":"259","author":"MB D\u2019hooghe","year":"2012","unstructured":"D\u2019hooghe MB, Haentjens P, Nagels G, D\u2019Hooghe T, De Keyser J. Menarche, oral contraceptives, pregnancy and progression of disability in relapsing onset and progressive onset multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2012;259:855\u201361.","journal-title":"J Neurol"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-023-03395-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-023-03395-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-023-03395-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T07:02:59Z","timestamp":1700204579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12883-023-03395-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3395"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-023-03395-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 February 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 November 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The Ethics Review Board of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences (JUMS) approved the present study with the number: IR.JUMS.REC.1400.047. In addition, all the participants were informed about the study method and objectives, and informed consent was obtained from them. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"408"}}