{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:12:44Z","timestamp":1791385964559,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702857600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Although some evidence implicates the immune system in migraine attacks, its role during attack-free periods remains largely unexplored. Therefore, we assessed the association between the immune system and migraine status.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>From the population-based Rotterdam Study, we included 6593 participants who underwent blood sampling and migraine assessments. In the blood samples, we measured white blood-cell-based immune markers. As a marker for the innate immune system, granulocyte and platelet counts were determined, whereas lymphocyte counts were used as a marker for the adaptive immune system. Migraine was assessed using a validated questionnaire based on ICHD-2 criteria. We investigated associations between blood-cell counts and migraine using logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex and other variables.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mean age of participants was 65.6\u2009\u00b1\u200911.2 years and 56.7% were female. The lifetime prevalence of migraine was 15.1% (995\/6593). We found no statistically significant associations between granulocyte (odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation increase 1.01 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.93\u20131.09), platelet (OR 1.01 CI: 0.94\u20131.09) or lymphocyte counts (OR 1.01 CI: 0.93\u20131.08) and migraine status.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our results do not support an association between white blood-cell-based immunity markers and migraine status.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-023-03496-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T07:02:12Z","timestamp":1702882932000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["No association between blood-based markers of immune system and migraine status: a population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Cevdet","family":"Acarsoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rikje","family":"Ruiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Bos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Kamran","family":"Ikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"3496_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-030212-183717","volume":"75","author":"D Pietrobon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pietrobon D, Moskowitz MA. Pathophysiology of migraine. Annu Rev Physiol. 2013;75:365\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-physiol-030212-183717.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3496_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-021-01271-1","volume":"22","author":"O Kursun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kursun O, Yemisci M, van den Maagdenberg A, Karatas H. Migraine and neuroinflammation: the inflammasome perspective. J Headache Pain. 2021;22(1):55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-021-01271-1.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"3496_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02229-5","volume":"18","author":"L Biscetti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Biscetti L, De Vanna G, Cresta E, Corbelli I, Gaetani L, Cupini L, Calabresi P, Sarchielli P. Headache and immunological\/autoimmune disorders: a comprehensive review of available epidemiological evidence with insights on potential underlying mechanisms. J Neuroinflammation. 2021;18(1):259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-021-02229-5.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"2","key":"3496_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-019-02136-y","volume":"189","author":"HO Yazar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yazar HO, Yazar T, Ayg\u00fcn A, Kaygisiz \u015e, Kirba\u015f D. Evaluation of simple inflammatory blood parameters in patients with migraine. Ir J Med Sci. 2020;189(2):677\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11845-019-02136-y.","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"3496_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2016.07.023","volume":"10","author":"KU Karabulut","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karabulut KU, Egercioglu TU, Uyar M, Ucar Y. The change of neutrophils\/lymphocytes ratio in migraine Attacks: a case-controlled study. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2016;10:52\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amsu.2016.07.023.","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"3496_CR6","first-page":"829","volume":"31","author":"E Acar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Acar E, Beydilli H, \u00dcLk\u00dc K, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m B, \u0130Sma\u0130L K, M K, Ulv\u0130Ye K, Mustafa Y, Ahmet D, Dogan A. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio can distinguish migraine patients from other patients with nonspecific headache in the Emergency Department. Acta Med Mediterranea. 2015;31:829\u201334.","journal-title":"Acta Med Mediterranea"},{"key":"3496_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt-2021-0036","author":"HO Albayrak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Albayrak HO, Gurbuz H, Basaran S, Y\u0131lmaz S. Assessment of inflammation with hematological parameters in patients with migraine and tension-type headache: a prospective study from a tertiary care center. Pain Manage. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/pmt-2021-0036.","journal-title":"Pain Manage"},{"issue":"2","key":"3496_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.30621\/jbachs.883583","volume":"5","author":"M Panpalli Ate\u015f","year":"2021","unstructured":"Panpalli Ate\u015f M. Is neutrophils \/ lymphocytes ratio affected during \u2018Migraine Attacks with aura\u2019 in Migraine patients? J Basic Clin Health Sci. 2021;5(2):36\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30621\/jbachs.883583.","journal-title":"J Basic Clin Health Sci"},{"key":"3496_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-020-01362-x","author":"G Sar\u0131cam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sar\u0131cam G. Relationship between migraine headache and hematological parameters. Acta Neurol Belgica. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13760-020-01362-x.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belgica"},{"key":"3496_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxab025","author":"L Biscetti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Biscetti L, De Vanna G, Cresta E, Bellotti A, Corbelli I, Cupini ML, Calabresi P, Sarchielli P. Immunological findings in patients with migraine and other primary headaches: a narrative review. Clin Exp Immunol. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cei\/uxab025.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3496_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1004-971","volume":"5","author":"K Hoebe","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hoebe K, Janssen E, Beutler B. The interface between innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Immunol. 2004;5(10):971\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni1004-971.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3496_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10566","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28646-w","volume":"8","author":"J Fest","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fest J, Ruiter R, Ikram MA, Voortman T, van Eijck CHJ, Stricker BH. Reference values for white blood-cell-based inflammatory markers in the Rotterdam Study: a population-based prospective cohort study. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):10566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-28646-w.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5963","key":"3496_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1183021","volume":"327","author":"A Iwasaki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Iwasaki A, Medzhitov R. Regulation of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system. Science. 2010;327(5963):291\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1183021.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"3496_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2005.12.005","volume":"238","author":"BD Elzey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Elzey BD, Sprague DL, Ratliff TL. The emerging role of platelets in adaptive immunity. Cell Immunol. 2005;238(1):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellimm.2005.12.005.","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3496_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2012.02265.x","volume":"53","author":"RB Lipton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lipton RB, Serrano D, Holland S, Fanning KM, Reed ML, Buse DC. Barriers to the diagnosis and treatment of migraine: effects of sex, income, and headache features. Headache. 2013;53(1):81\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2012.02265.x.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"5","key":"3496_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12774","volume":"56","author":"DW Dodick","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dodick DW, Loder EW, Manack Adams A, Buse DC, Fanning KM, Reed ML, Lipton RB. Assessing barriers to Chronic Migraine Consultation, diagnosis, and treatment: results from the chronic migraine epidemiology and outcomes (CaMEO) study. Headache. 2016;56(5):821\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.12774.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"5","key":"3496_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-020-00640-5","volume":"35","author":"MA Ikram","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ikram MA, Brusselle G, Ghanbari M, Goedegebure A, Ikram MK, Kavousi M, Kieboom BCT, Klaver CCW, de Knegt RJ, Luik AI, Nijsten TEC, Peeters RP, van Rooij FJA, Stricker BH, Uitterlinden AG, Vernooij MW, Voortman T. Objectives, design and main findings until 2020 from the Rotterdam Study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2020;35(5):483\u2013517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-020-00640-5.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"3496_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache S. (2004) The International Classification of Headache Disorders: 2nd edition. Cephalalgia 24 Suppl 1:9-160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2003.00824.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2003.00824.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"3496_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.53.3.537","volume":"53","author":"LJ Launer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Launer LJ, Terwindt GM, Ferrari MD. The prevalence and characteristics of migraine in a population-based cohort: the GEM study. Neurology. 1999;53(3):537\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.53.3.537.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3496_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Acarsoy C, Fani L, Al-Hassany L, Berghout B, Koudstaal PJ, Maassen Van Den Brink A, Ikram MK, Bos D. Migraine and the risk of stroke in a middle-aged and elderly population: a prospective cohort study. Cephalalgia. 2023 Jan;43(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03331024221132008.","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024221132008"},{"issue":"4","key":"3496_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-012-9673-y","volume":"27","author":"RG Wieberdink","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wieberdink RG, Ikram MA, Hofman A, Koudstaal PJ, Breteler MM. Trends in Stroke incidence rates and Stroke risk factors in Rotterdam, the Netherlands from 1990 to 2008. Eur J Epidemiol. 2012;27(4):287\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-012-9673-y.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"3496_CR22","volume-title":"Definition and diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and intermediate hyperglycaemia: report of a WHO\/IDF consultation","author":"O World Health","year":"2006","unstructured":"World Health O, International Diabetes F. Definition and diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and intermediate hyperglycaemia: report of a WHO\/IDF consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006."},{"key":"3496_CR23","volume-title":"IBM SPSS statistics for Windows, Version 25.0","author":"IBM Corporation","year":"2017","unstructured":"IBM Corporation. IBM SPSS statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.; 2017."},{"key":"3496_CR24","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2020","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2020."},{"issue":"3","key":"3496_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03","volume":"45","author":"S van Buuren","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Buuren S, Groothuis-Oudshoorn K. Mice: multivariate imputation by chained equations in R. J Stat Softw. 2011;45(3):1\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v045.i03.","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"8","key":"3496_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0216-y","volume":"15","author":"L Edvinsson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Edvinsson L, Haanes KA, Warfvinge K. Does inflammation have a role in migraine? Nat Rev Neurol. 2019;15(8):483\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-019-0216-y.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3496_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30185-1","volume":"18","author":"M Ashina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ashina M, Hansen JM, Do TP, Melo-Carrillo A, Burstein R, Moskowitz MA. Migraine and the trigeminovascular system-40 years and counting. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18(8):795\u2013804.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3496_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-018-0676-y","volume":"40","author":"R Ramachandran","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ramachandran R. Neurogenic inflammation and its role in migraine. Semin Immunopathol. 2018;40(3):301\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00281-018-0676-y.","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3496_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1998.1804197.x","volume":"18","author":"AD Mosnaim","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mosnaim AD, Kulaga H, Adams AJ, Wolf ME, Puente J, Freitag F, Diamond S. Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte subsets in Migraine patients during and outside of an Acute Headache Attack. Cephalalgia. 1998;18(4):197\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1998.1804197.x.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"1","key":"3496_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2014.03.055","volume":"134","author":"E Danese","year":"2014","unstructured":"Danese E, Montagnana M, Lippi G. Platelets and migraine. Thromb Res. 2014;134(1):17\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.thromres.2014.03.055.","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3496_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202","volume":"38","author":"IHS HCCotIHS","year":"2018","unstructured":"HCCotIHS IHS. The International classification of Headache disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(1):1\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102417738202.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-023-03496-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-023-03496-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-023-03496-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T19:03:22Z","timestamp":1702926202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12883-023-03496-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3496"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-023-03496-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 December 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Rotterdam Study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Erasmus MC (registration number MEC 02.1015) and by the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport (Population Screening Act WBO, license number 1071272-159521-PG). The Rotterdam Study Personal Registration Data collection is filed with the Erasmus MC Data Protection Officer under registration number EMC1712001. The Rotterdam Study has been entered into the Netherlands National Trial Register (NTR; ) and into the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP; ) under shared catalogue number NTR6831. All participants provided written informed consent to participate in the study and to have their information obtained from treating physicians.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"445"}}