{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T03:22:35Z","timestamp":1776914555759,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706832000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"\"five-five\" project construction project of the Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University","award":["No.2023WW504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2023WW504"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014717","name":"National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81571202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81571202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014717","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Science and Technology Project","award":["202201020578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201020578"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022A1515012433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515012433"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Backgrounds<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is a rare anastomosis between internal carotid artery (ICA) and basilar artery. In rare conditions, the PTA could be combined with others cerebrovascular anomalies, moyamoya disease (MMD) is one of them.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Here, we reported one rare case of MMD associated with PTA, the patient admitted to our department for severe dizziness and headache, imaging examination suggested MMD combined with right PTA, which arising from the ipsilateral cavernous portion of ICA. The patient received phased bilaterral revascularization with no any complication. In the subsequent follow-up, the patient\u2019s symptoms and intracranial vascular condition gradually improved. Moreover, we conducted a literature review of coexistence of PTA and MMD, the results of a web of science regarding such condition, and a deep discussion providing brief insight into the status of co-occurrence of PTA and MMD, including its manifestation, treatment and outcome.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The coexistence of PTA and MMD was rarely reported, the pathogenesis of such condition remains unknown.\u00a0We found that the features of the coexistence of PTA and MMD were diverse, revascularization might be a feasible for such patient.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-024-03545-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T06:02:24Z","timestamp":1706853744000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Persistent trigeminal artery in a patient with moyamoya disease:a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhimin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"3545_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.101798","volume":"3","author":"G Alcala-Cerra","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alcala-Cerra G, Tubbs RS, Nino-Hernandez LM. Anatomical features and clinical relevance of a persistent trigeminal artery. Surg Neurol Int. 2012;3:111.","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"3545_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.030","volume":"124","author":"K Hou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hou K, Ji T, Guo Y, Xu K, Yu J. Coexistence of Persistent primitive trigeminal artery, Moyamoya Disease, and multiple intracranial aneurysms: a Case Report and Literature Review. WORLD NEUROSURG. 2019;124:313\u20138.","journal-title":"WORLD NEUROSURG"},{"key":"3545_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.08.199","volume":"132","author":"H Sato","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sato H, Haraguchi K, Takahashi Y, Ohtaki S, Shimizu T, Matsuura N, Ogane K, Ito T. Flow-Diverter Stent for an unruptured aneurysm at the Junction of the Internal Carotid Artery and persistent primitive trigeminal artery: Case Report and Literature Review. WORLD NEUROSURG. 2019;132:329\u201332.","journal-title":"WORLD NEUROSURG"},{"key":"3545_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.10.015","volume":"133","author":"KA Shah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shah KA, Katz JM. Ruptured persistent trigeminal artery-basilar artery Junction Aneurysm: Case Report and Review of Literature. WORLD NEUROSURG. 2020;133:159\u201362.","journal-title":"WORLD NEUROSURG"},{"issue":"2","key":"3545_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2014.06.007","volume":"22","author":"O Choudhri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Choudhri O, Heit JJ, Feroze AH, Chang SD, Dodd RL, Steinberg GK. Persistent trigeminal artery supply to an intrinsic trigeminal nerve arteriovenous malformation: a rare cause of trigeminal neuralgia. J CLIN NEUROSCI. 2015;22(2):409\u201312.","journal-title":"J CLIN NEUROSCI"},{"issue":"9","key":"3545_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-022-03003-9","volume":"44","author":"LA Rodriguez-Hernandez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Hernandez LA, Martinez P, Baracaldo I, Alonso M, Lopez-Mena D, Montenegro RH. Persistent trigeminal artery associated with an occipital arteriovenous malformation: a case report and literature review. SURG RADIOL ANAT. 2022;44(9):1271\u20135.","journal-title":"SURG RADIOL ANAT"},{"issue":"1","key":"3545_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-022-03490-9","volume":"16","author":"T Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun T, Huang Q, Li C, Wang W, He L, Liu J, Yang C. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia caused by persistent trigeminal artery associated with craniosynostosis: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2022;16(1):292.","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3545_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-006-0150-8","volume":"49","author":"BJ de Bondt","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Bondt BJ, Stokroos R, Casselman J. Persistent trigeminal artery associated with trigeminal neuralgia: hypothesis of neurovascular compression. Neuroradiology. 2007;49(1):23\u20136.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"3545_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1177\/1591019917715955","volume":"23","author":"G Medhi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Medhi G, Pendharkar H, TerBrugge K, Prasad C, Gupta AK. Trigeminal neuralgia caused by a new variant of persistent trigeminal artery associated with agenesis of internal carotid artery. INTERV NEURORADIOL. 2017;23(6):566\u201370.","journal-title":"INTERV NEURORADIOL"},{"issue":"4","key":"3545_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2176\/jns-nmc.2021-0382","volume":"62","author":"M Fujimura","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fujimura M, Tominaga T, Kuroda S, Takahashi JC, Endo H, Ogasawara K, Miyamoto S. 2021 Japanese guidelines for the management of Moyamoya Disease: guidelines from the Research Committee on Moyamoya Disease and Japan Stroke Society. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2022;62(4):165\u201370.","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3545_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.59.1.0166","volume":"59","author":"R Kwak","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kwak R, Kadoya S. Moyamoya disease associated with persistent primitive trigeminal artery. Report of two cases. J NEUROSURG. 1983;59(1):166\u201371.","journal-title":"J NEUROSURG"},{"key":"3545_CR12","unstructured":"The Anatomy of the Arteries of the Human. Body; with its applications to Pathology and operative surgery; in Lithographic drawings: with practical commentaries. Br Foreign Med Rev 1841, 11(21):210\u20131."},{"issue":"274","key":"3545_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-23-274-617","volume":"23","author":"D SUTTON","year":"1950","unstructured":"SUTTON D. Anomalous carotid-basilar anastomosis. Br J Radiol. 1950;23(274):617\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3545_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3109\/00016925909171103","volume":"51","author":"SALTZMAN GF","year":"1959","unstructured":"SALTZMAN GF. Patent primitive trigeminal artery studied by cerebral angiography. ACTA RADIOL. 1959;51(5):329\u201336.","journal-title":"ACTA RADIOL"},{"issue":"3","key":"3545_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199809000-00082","volume":"43","author":"E Salas","year":"1998","unstructured":"Salas E, Ziyal IM, Sekhar LN, Wright DC. Persistent trigeminal artery: an anatomic study. NEUROSURGERY. 1998;43(3):557\u201361.","journal-title":"NEUROSURGERY"},{"issue":"9","key":"3545_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1258\/ar.2011.110191","volume":"52","author":"YC Weon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weon YC, Choi SH, Hwang JC, Shin SH, Kwon WJ, Kang BS. Classification of persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA): a reconsideration based on MRA. ACTA RADIOL. 2011;52(9):1043\u201351.","journal-title":"ACTA RADIOL"},{"key":"3545_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu YB, Feng PY, Zhang TZ, Sun J, Yang HX. A study on the persistent trigeminal artery and its classification based on magnetic resonance angiograph images. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2022.","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000001309"},{"issue":"9","key":"3545_CR18","first-page":"1107","volume":"16","author":"T Kinjo","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kinjo T, Mukawa J, Takara E, Nakasone S, Kuda H, Ishikawa Y. [Moyamoya disease associated with persistent primitive trigeminal artery\u2013a case report and review of literature]. No Shinkei Geka. 1988;16(9):1107\u201312.","journal-title":"No Shinkei Geka"},{"issue":"4","key":"3545_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.67.4.0603","volume":"67","author":"T Lichtor","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lichtor T, Mullan S. Arteriovenous malformation in moyamoya syndrome. Report of three cases. J NEUROSURG. 1987;67(4):603\u20138.","journal-title":"J NEUROSURG"},{"issue":"3","key":"3545_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2007.00096.x","volume":"17","author":"S Somasundaram","year":"2007","unstructured":"Somasundaram S, Thamburaj K, Burathoki S, Gupta AK. Moyamoya disease with cerebral arteriovenous malformation presenting as primary subarachnoid hemorrhage. J NEUROIMAGING. 2007;17(3):251\u20134.","journal-title":"J NEUROIMAGING"},{"issue":"4","key":"3545_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2014.56.4.356","volume":"56","author":"JH Noh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Noh JH, Yeon JY, Park JH, Shin HJ. Cerebral arteriovenous malformation associated with moyamoya disease. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2014;56(4):356\u201360.","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"3545_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.1999.0276","volume":"56","author":"S Rossitti","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rossitti S, Raininko R. Absence of the common carotid artery in a patient with a persistent trigeminal artery variant. CLIN RADIOL. 2001;56(1):79\u201381.","journal-title":"CLIN RADIOL"},{"issue":"7","key":"3545_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-018-2025-1","volume":"40","author":"D Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim D, Baek JW, Heo YJ, Jeong HW. Congenital absence of the internal carotid artery with a persistent primitive trigeminal artery as a collateral pathway: a report of an anatomic variation. SURG RADIOL ANAT. 2018;40(7):811\u20133.","journal-title":"SURG RADIOL ANAT"},{"issue":"11","key":"3545_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300000500","volume":"10","author":"HJ Jaeger","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jaeger HJ, Mehring UM, Gissler HM, Mathias KD. Congenital absence of the internal carotid artery and the basilar artery with persistent trigeminal artery associated with coarctation of the aorta. EUR RADIOL. 2000;10(11):1805\u20139.","journal-title":"EUR RADIOL"},{"issue":"6","key":"3545_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-022-02964-1","volume":"44","author":"D Watanabe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Watanabe D, Endo H, Nakamura H. Persistent trigeminal artery variant associated with ipsilateral hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery. SURG RADIOL ANAT. 2022;44(6):947\u201350.","journal-title":"SURG RADIOL ANAT"},{"issue":"5","key":"3545_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S0344-0338(98)80061-7","volume":"194","author":"S Hattori","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hattori S, Kiguchi H, Ishii T, Nakajima T, Yatsuzuka H. Moyamoya disease with concurrent Von Recklinghausen\u2019s disease and cerebral arteriovenous malformation. PATHOL RES PRACT. 1998;194(5):363\u20139.","journal-title":"PATHOL RES PRACT"},{"issue":"4","key":"3545_CR27","first-page":"385","volume":"92","author":"ST Chen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chen ST, Liu YH. Moyamoya disease associated with bilateral persistent primitive trigeminal arteries: report of a case. J FORMOS MED ASSOC. 1993;92(4):385\u20137.","journal-title":"J FORMOS MED ASSOC"},{"issue":"6","key":"3545_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.15274\/NRJ-2014-10093","volume":"27","author":"A Uchino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Uchino A, Saito N, Takahashi M, Kurita H, Ishihara S. Cerebral arterial variations Associated with Moyamoya Disease diagnosed by MR Angiography. Neuroradiol J. 2014;27(6):697\u2013701.","journal-title":"Neuroradiol J"},{"issue":"3","key":"3545_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(95)00337-1","volume":"45","author":"S Suzuki","year":"1996","unstructured":"Suzuki S, Morioka T, Matsushima T, Ikezaki K, Hasuo K, Fukui M. Moyamoya disease associated with persistent primitive trigeminal artery variant in identical twins. Surg Neurol. 1996;45(3):236\u201340.","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3545_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-019-1374-7","volume":"19","author":"Y Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu Y, Kong Y, Xu Y, Wang P. The protective effect of persistent trigeminal artery in patients with ischemic stroke. BMC NEUROL. 2019;19(1):158.","journal-title":"BMC NEUROL"},{"key":"3545_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.01.034","volume":"148","author":"J Engelhardt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Engelhardt J, El HG, Bojanowski MW. Persistent trigeminal artery as collateral circulation in ischemic stroke. WORLD NEUROSURG. 2021;148:67\u20139.","journal-title":"WORLD NEUROSURG"},{"issue":"3","key":"3545_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00341494","volume":"3","author":"J Handa","year":"1972","unstructured":"Handa J, Handa H. Progressive cerebral arterial occlusive disease: analysis of 27 cases. Neuroradiology. 1972;3(3):119\u201333.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"13","key":"3545_CR33","first-page":"1453","volume":"27","author":"T Otsuki","year":"1982","unstructured":"Otsuki T, Fukawa O, Aihara H. [Case of persistent primitive trigeminal artery associated with moyamoya vessels]. Rinsho Hoshasen. 1982;27(13):1453\u20136.","journal-title":"Rinsho Hoshasen"},{"issue":"10","key":"3545_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010050212","volume":"140","author":"M Komiyama","year":"1998","unstructured":"Komiyama M, Kitano S, Sakamoto H, Shiomi M. An additional variant of the persistent primitive trigeminal artery: accessory meningeal artery\u2013antero-superior cerebellar artery anastomosis associated with moyamoya disease. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1998;140(10):1037\u201342.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"12","key":"3545_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.31.800","volume":"31","author":"EC Tan","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tan EC, Takagi T, Nagai H. Intracranial carotid artery occlusion with telangiectasia (moyamoya disease) associated with persistent primitive trigeminal artery\u2013case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1991;31(12):800\u20133.","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03545-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03545-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03545-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T06:04:32Z","timestamp":1706853872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03545-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3545"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03545-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University and conducted ethically in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from the patient. All authors agree to submit this manuscript, and there is no debate about the authorship.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"54"}}