{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:34:52Z","timestamp":1790094892279,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Internalized stigma can have profound effects on how individuals with migraines and other primary headache disorders see themselves and their quality of life. We aimed to investigate internalized stigma in patients with chronic migraines and medication overuse headaches.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 57 patients (52 women, 5 men) were included in the study, 26 of these patients were affected by chronic migraine, 31 of them were affected by medication overuse headache and chronic migraine. The Internalized Stigma Scale in Mental Illness (Ristsher\u2019s stigmatization scale) and General Health Questionnaire were applied to all patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In Ristsher\u2019s stigmatization scale, which measures internalization of stigma, internalized stigmatization was more significant in patients with medication overuse headache than in patients with chronic migraine compared to groups (p:0.05). The subtitle of alienation was statistically significant when the groups were compared to all subscales in the form of alienation, confirmation of stereotypes, perceived discrimination, social withdrawal and resistance to stigma (p:0.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Although internal stigmatize has been observed in chronic migraine patients, medication overuse headache is also a type of headache with intense stigma. In addition, this internal stigma perhaps plays an active role in the transformation of chronic migraine patients to medication overuse headaches patient.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-024-03586-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T06:17:07Z","timestamp":1710829027000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Internal stigmatization in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse headache"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Firdevs Ezgi","family":"U\u00e7an Toku\u00e7","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eylem \u00d6zayd\u0131n","family":"G\u00f6ksu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u015eennur Deliba\u015f","family":"Kat\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3586_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e54074","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054074","volume":"8","author":"WB Young","year":"2013","unstructured":"Young WB, Park JE, Tian IX, Kempner J. 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Informed consent was obtained from all subjects and\/or their legal guardian(s). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulation. All experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"100"}}