{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:05:04Z","timestamp":1793390704500,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health and Labour Sciences Research Grant on Intractable Diseases (Neuroimmunological Diseases) from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan","award":["20FC1030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20FC1030"]}]},{"name":"Health and Labour Sciences Research Grant on Intractable Diseases (Neuroimmunological Diseases) from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan","award":["20FC1030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20FC1030"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-motor symptoms in myasthenia gravis (MG) are rarely confirmed. Although there are some small cohort studies, a large-systemic survey has not yet been performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated the incidence and clinical characteristics of patients with MG who had taste disorders and alopecia using data of 1710 patients with MG enrolled in the Japan MG Registry 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among them, 104 (6.1%) out of 1692 patients and 138 (8.2%) out of 1688 patients had histories of taste disorders and alopecia, respectively. Among the patients with MG, taste disorders were significantly more common in women, those with severe symptoms, refractory MG, or thymoma-associated MG, and were less common in those with ocular MG. The taste disorders often occurred after the onset of MG and often responded to MG treatments. Alopecia was more common in MG patients with a history of bulbar palsy and thymoma, and it often occurred before the onset of MG and sometimes responded to MG treatments. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed taste disturbance was associated with worst quantitative MG score and thymoma-associated MG; and alopecia was associated with thymoma-associated MG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinicians should be aware of the non-motor symptoms in MG, especially in patients with severe myasthenic symptoms and thymoma-associated MG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-024-03644-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T02:01:54Z","timestamp":1714010514000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Taste disorders and alopecia in myasthenia gravis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Akiyuki","family":"Uzawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeaki","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kuwabara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Akamine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Onishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manato","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Ozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Kawaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanori P.","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genya","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takamichi","family":"Sugimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Samukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoya","family":"Minami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Masuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Konno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuriko","family":"Nagane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimiaki","family":"Utsugisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"3644_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00297-0","volume":"21","author":"AR Punga","year":"2022","unstructured":"Punga AR, Maddison P, Heckmann JM, Guptill JT, Evoli A. Epidemiology, diagnostics, and biomarkers of autoimmune neuromuscular junction disorders. Lancet Neurol. 2022;21:176\u201388.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"3644_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304057","volume":"84","author":"S Suzuki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Suzuki S, Utsugisawa K, Suzuki N. Overlooked non-motor symptoms in myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2013;84:989\u201394.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"3644_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2012.03713.x","volume":"20","author":"C Kabasawa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kabasawa C, Shimizu Y, Suzuki S, Masuda M, Nagane Y, Utsugisawa K, Suzuki Y, Utsumi H, Fujihara K, Suzuki N, Uchiyama S. Taste disorders in myasthenia gravis: a multicenter cooperative study. Eur J Neurol. 2013;20:205\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"3644_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2005.01002.x","volume":"12","author":"S Suzuki","year":"2005","unstructured":"Suzuki S, Shimoda M, Kawamura M, Sato H, Nogawa S, Tanaka K, Suzuki N, Kuwana M. Myasthenia gravis accompanied by Alopecia Areata: clinical and immunogenetic aspects. Eur J Neurol. 2005;12:566\u201370.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"3644_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.3.774","volume":"48","author":"A Kubota","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kubota A, Komiyama A, Hasegawa O. Myasthenia gravis and alopecia areata. Neurology. 1997;48:774\u20135.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3644_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/cen3.12731","volume":"14","author":"S Suzuki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Suzuki S, Masuda M, Uzawa A, Nagane Y, Konno S, Suzuki Y, et al. Japan MG registry: chronological surveys over 10 years. Clin Exp Neuroimmunol. 2023;14:5\u201312.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"3644_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-330519","volume":"94","author":"A Uzawa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Uzawa A, Suzuki S, Kuwabara S, Akamine H, Onishi Y, Yasuda M, Ozawa Y, Kawaguchi N, Kubota T, Takahashi MP, Suzuki Y, Watanabe G, Kimura T, Sugimoto T, Samukawa M, Minami N, Masuda M, Konno S, Nagane Y, Utsugisawa K. Effectiveness of early cycles of fast-acting treatment in generalised myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2023;94:467\u201373.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"3644_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/cen3.12739","volume":"14","author":"H Murai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Murai H, Utsugisawa K, Motomura M, Imai T, Uzawa A, Suzuki S. 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Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2002;546:116\u201321.","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol Suppl"},{"key":"3644_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17011","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.11","volume":"3","author":"CH Pratt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pratt CH, King LE Jr, Messenger AG, Christiano AM, Sundberg JP. Alopecia Areata. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17011.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"3644_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16606","volume":"50","author":"T Aranishi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aranishi T, Ito T, Fukuyama M, Isaka Y, Mackie DS, King-Concialdi K, Senglaub SS, Jaffe DH, Shimomura Y, Ohyama M. Prevalence of Alopecia Areata in Japan: estimates from a nationally representative sample. J Dermatol. 2023;50:26\u201336.","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"3644_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3109\/08916934.2015.1030614","volume":"48","author":"A Nacu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nacu A, Andersen JB, Lisnic V, Owe JF, Gilhus NE. Complicating autoimmune diseases in myasthenia gravis: a review. Autoimmunity. 2015;48:362\u20138.","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"3644_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0429-z","volume":"254","author":"A Evoli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Evoli A, Minicuci GM, Vitaliani R, Battaglia A, Della Marca G, Lauriola L, Fattorossi A. Paraneoplastic diseases associated with thymoma. J Neurol. 2007;254:756\u201362.","journal-title":"J Neurol"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03644-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03644-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03644-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T02:03:14Z","timestamp":1714010594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03644-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3644"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03644-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the ethics committee of each neurological center (Institutional Ethical Review Board No. R3-1 at Hanamaki General Hospital, the primary investigating institute) and written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. The authors have followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for all human experimental investigations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Akiyuki Uzawa has received honoraria from Alexion Pharmaceuticals and Argenx. Shigeaki Suzuki received speakers\u2019 fees from Alexion Pharmaceuticals, the Japan Blood Products Organization, Asahi Kasei Medical, and Argenx, and participated in an advisory board meeting of Alexion Pharmaceuticals and Argenx. Satoshi Kuwabara has received Research Grant on Intractable Diseases (Neuroimmunological Diseases) from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (20FC1030) and honoraria from CSL Behring. T. Kubota reports receiving an honorarium for lectures from Alexon Pharmaceuticals, Argenx, and UCB Pharma. Masanori. P. Takahashi reports unrestricted research grants from Japan Blood Products Organization, Astellas Pharma, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, and Pfizer, outside the submitted work, and has served as a paid Consultant for Alexion, Argenx, Sanofi, and UCB Pharma and received an honorarium for lectures from Argenx, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, and UCB Pharma. Masayuki Masuda has received speaker honoraria from Argenx, Asahi Kasei Medical, UCB Pharma, and Alexion Pharmaceutical, and participated in an advisory board meeting of Alexion Pharmaceutical and Argenx. Kimiaki Utsugisawa has served as a paid Consultant for UCB Pharma, Janssen Pharma, Horizon Therapeutics (Viela Bio), Chugai Pharma, Hanall BioPharma, and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma and has received speaker honoraria from Argenx, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, UCB Pharma, and the Japan Blood Products Organization. Other authors declare no financial or other conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"139"}}