{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T03:18:34Z","timestamp":1768792714083,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716595200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Surveys using questionnaires to collect epidemiologic data may be subject to misclassification. Here, we analyzed a headache questionnaire to evaluate which questions led to a classification other than migraine.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Anonymized surveys coupled with medical claims data from individuals 19\u201374 years old were obtained from DeSC Healthcare Inc. to examine proportions of patients with primary headache disorders (i.e.; migraine, tension-type headache, cluster headache, and \u201cother headache disorders\u201d). Six criteria that determined migraine were used to explore how people with other headache disorders responded to these questions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among the 21480 respondents, 7331 (34.0%) reported having headaches. 691 (3.2%) respondents reported migraine, 1441 (6.7%) had tension-type headache, 21 (0.1%) had cluster headache, and 5208 (24.2%) reported other headache disorders. Responses of participants with other headache disorders were analyzed, and the top 3 criteria combined with \u201cSymptoms associated with headache\u201d were \u201cSite of pain\u201d (7.3%), \u201cHeadache changes in severity during daily activities\u201d (6.4%), and the 3 criteria combined (8.8%). The symptoms associated with headache were \u201cStiff shoulders\u201d (13.6%), \u201cStiff neck\u201d (9.4%), or \u201cNausea or vomiting\u201d (8.7%), Photophobia\u201d (3.3%) and \u201cPhonophobia\u201d (2.5%).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Prevalence of migraine as diagnosed by questionnaire was much lower than expected while the prevalence of \u201cother headache\u201d was higher than expected. We believe the reason for this observation was due to misclassification, and resulted from the failure of the questionnaire to identify some features of migraine that would have been revealed by clinical history taking. Questionnaires should, therefore, be carefully designed, and doctors should be educated, on how to ask questions and record information when conducting semi-structured interviews with patients, to obtain more precise information about their symptoms, including photophobia and phonophobia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-024-03675-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T04:01:42Z","timestamp":1716609702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A study to investigate the prevalence of headache disorders and migraine conducted using medical claims data and linked results from online surveys: post-hoc analysis of other headache disorders"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Takao","family":"Takeshima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisaka","family":"Igarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fumihiko","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Shibasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Koga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"3675_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30299-5","volume":"16","author":"VL Feigin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Feigin VL, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, Abd-Allah F, Abdulle AM, Abera SF, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Neurol. 2017;16:877\u201397.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"3675_CR2","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare. III. Household health conditions. In: 2019 Comprehensive survey of living conditions [in Japanese]. 2020. https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/toukei\/saikin\/hw\/k-tyosa\/k-tyosa19\/dl\/04.pdf. Accessed 12 Oct 2008."},{"key":"3675_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018;38:1-211.","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"key":"3675_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2018.06.006","volume":"62","author":"RW Mier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mier RW, Dhadwal S. Primary headaches. 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This study was not, therefore, registered as a clinical trial with the regulatory authorities, and there is no applicable \u201cClinical Trial Number\u201d.This study used only anonymized data provided by DeSC Healthcare, Inc. Moreover, as Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Clinical Study Support Inc. (CSS), and the medical experts did not possess or receive data correspondence sheets, it was impossible to identify any individual subject. In addition, DeSC does not have a correspondence table for the data provided to Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, and it is, therefore, impossible to identify individual subjects from the data provided. Therefore, under the Japanese legal regulations, \u201cEthical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects\u201d, it was judged unnecessary for the study investigators to obtain new individual level consent for the use of the data in this study.The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the Research Institute of Healthcare Data Science (approval No.: RI2020012), who on the above stated information judged that the need for consent to participate was deemed unnecessary according to national regulations. Additionally, this study was conducted in consideration of the Declaration of Helsinki (revised October 2013) by the World Medical Association and the Ethical Guidelines for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial no., ethics approval, and consent to participate declaration"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"HS, HK, YS and NK are employees of Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. TT received consulting fees from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., during the conduct of the study; consulting fees from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hedgehog MedTech, Inc., and Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; honoraria for lectures from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Amgen Inc., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., and DAIICHI SANKYO Co., Ltd., outside the submitted work; Clinical trials, contract research and collaborative research funding from Eisai Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Biohaven Ltd., and Lundbeck Japan K.K. KH received consulting fees from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., during the conduct of the study; consulting fees from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Amgen Astellas BioPharma K.K., Lundbeck Japan K.K., and Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; lecture Honoraria from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Eisai Co., Pfizer Japan, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., MSD Co., Ltd., Amgen Astellas BioPharma K.K., Ltd., and Lundbeck Japan K.K., outside the submitted work. HI received consulting fees Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., during the conduct of the study; consulting fees from Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Eli Lilly Japan K.K, lecture honoraria from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K, Amgen K.K., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., and Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd.; manuscript writing fee from Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; educational event fees from Lundbeck Japan K.K., outside the submitted work. FS received consultant fee from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., during the conduct of the study; consulting fees from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eli-Lilly Co., Ltd., and Amgen Co. Ltd.; lecture Honoraria from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eli-Lilly Co., Ltd., and Amgen Co., Ltd., outside the submitted work.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"176"}}