{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T10:16:59Z","timestamp":1784888219399,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720051200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lundbeck LLC, Deerfield, IL, United States"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>High-frequency headache\/migraine (HFM) and overuse of acute medication (medication overuse [MO]) are associated with increased disability and impact. Experiencing both HFM and MO can potentially compound impacts, including stigma; however, evidence of this is limited. The objective of this report was to evaluate self-reported stigma, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), disability, and migraine symptomology in US adults with HFM\u2009+\u2009MO from the Harris Poll Migraine Report Card survey.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>US adults (\u2265\u200918 yrs., no upper age limit) who screened positive for migraine per the ID Migraine\u2122 screener completed an online survey. Participants were classified into \u201ccurrent HFM\u2009+\u2009MO\u201d (\u2265\u20098 days\/month with headache\/migraine and \u2265\u200910 days\/month of acute medication use over last few months) or \u201cprevious HFM\u2009+\u2009MO\u201d (previously experienced HFM\u2009+\u2009MO, headaches now occur\u2009\u2264\u20097 days\/month with \u2264\u20099 days\/month of acute medication use). Stigma, HRQoL, disability, and most bothersome symptom (MBS) were captured. The validated 8-item Stigma Scale for Chronic Illnesses (SSCI-8) assessed internal and external stigma (scores\u2009\u2265\u200960 are clinically significant). Raw data were weighted to the US adult population. Statistically significant differences were determined by a standard <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-test of column proportions and means at the 90% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.1) and 95% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) confidence levels.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Participants (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009550) were categorized as having current (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009440; mean age 41.1 years; 54% female; 57% White, not Hispanic; 24% Hispanic; 11% Black, not Hispanic) or previous (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009110; mean age 47.2 years; 49% female; 75% White, not Hispanic; 13% Hispanic; 4% Black, not Hispanic) HFM\u2009+\u2009MO. Compared to those with previous HFM\u2009+\u2009MO (21%), adults with current HFM\u2009+\u2009MO were more likely to experience clinically significant levels of stigma (47%).\u00a0Men with current HFM\u2009+\u2009MO (52% compared to men with previous HFM\u2009+\u2009MO [25%] and women with current [41%] or previous [18%] HFM\u2009+\u2009MO), non-Hispanic Black (51% compared to White, not Hispanic [45%] and Hispanic [48%] current HFM\u2009+\u2009MO groups and White, not Hispanic previous HFM\u2009+\u2009MO [12%]), current HFM\u2009+\u2009MO aged 18\u201349 years (50% compared to those with current HFM\u2009+\u2009MO aged\u2009\u2265\u200950 years [33%] and those with previous HFM\u2009+\u2009MO aged 18\u201349 [34%] and \u2265\u200950 years [4%]), and employed respondents (53% current and 29% previous compared to those not employed [32% current and 12% previous]) reported higher rates of clinically significant stigma. Those with current HFM\u2009+\u2009MO were more likely to have worse HRQoL and disability due to headache\/migraine. Respondents aged\u2009\u2265\u200950 years with current HFM\u2009+\u2009MO were more likely than respondents aged 18\u201349 years with current HFM\u2009+\u2009MO to indicate that their overall quality of life (66% vs. 52%) and their ability to participate in hobbies\/activities they enjoy were negatively impacted by headache\/migraine (61% vs. 49%). Pain-related symptoms were identified as the MBS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Together these data suggest that current and previous HFM\u2009+\u2009MO can be associated with undesirable outcomes, including stigma and reduced HRQoL, which were greatest among people with current HFM\u2009+\u2009MO, but still considerable for people with previous HFM\u2009+\u2009MO.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-024-03732-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T09:08:54Z","timestamp":1720084134000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Headache\/migraine-related stigma, quality of life, disability, and most bothersome symptom in adults with current versus previous high-frequency headache\/migraine and medication overuse: results of the Migraine Report Card survey"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Dawn C.","family":"Buse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Cady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amaal J.","family":"Starling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan","family":"Buzby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlie","family":"Spinale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"Steinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Lenaburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Kymes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"3732_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.02.013","author":"DC Buse","year":"2016","unstructured":"Buse DC, Scher AI, Dodick DW, Reed ML, Fanning KM, Manack Adams A, et al. 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N Engl J Med. 2019;380(9):801\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMp1813418.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03732-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03732-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03732-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T09:10:58Z","timestamp":1720084258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03732-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03732-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All participants in this Harris Poll survey were asked to read the Harris Poll privacy policy prior to agreeing to take the survey (<i>).<\/i> Only those who selected \u201cI agree to continue\u201d moved on to the screener section. Institutional review board approval was not conducted, as this survey was non-interventional in nature, was not intended to provide clinical data for treatment decisions, was not conducted as a clinical trial for any endpoints, and data are not identifiable in the results presented herein.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"D.C. Buse has received grant support from Amgen, the US Food and Drug Administration, and the National Headache Foundation; has served as a consultant and received honoraria from AbbVie\/Allergan, Amgen\/Novartis, Biohaven, Collegium, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, and Teva; and has served on the editorial board of Current Pain and Headache Reports. R. Cady was an employee of Lundbeck LLC at the time of survey development and initiation; has served as a consultant with Biohaven, Haleon, and Lundbeck; and is a current part-time employee of Axon Therapeutics. A.J. Starling has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Allergan, Amgen, Axsome Therapeutics, Everyday Health, Lundbeck, Med-IQ, Medscape, Neurolief, Satsuma, and WebMD. M. Buzby is an employee of the Coalition for Headache and Migraine Patients, an organization that receives sponsorship support from AbbVie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Impel, Lundbeck, and Teva. C. Spinale and K. Steinberg are employees of The Harris Poll, a company that received funding from Lundbeck LLC for conducting this research. K. Lenaburg was an employee of the Coalition for Headache and Migraine Patients (CHAMP) during the development and fielding of this survey, an organization that receives support from AbbVie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Impel, Lundbeck, and Teva. In addition, he has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Allergan, Impel, and Lundbeck. S. Kymes was an employee of Lundbeck LLC at the time of this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"232"}}