{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:05:02Z","timestamp":1789704302006,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["2022-PUMCH-A-068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-PUMCH-A-068"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82271368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271368"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["CIFMS #2021-I2M-1-025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIFMS #2021-I2M-1-025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-024-03835-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T09:02:28Z","timestamp":1725613348000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Risk factor differences in five-year progression of Intracranial artery stenosis and cerebral small vessel disease in general population"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Zi-Ang","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ding-Ding","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-Yue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei-Jun","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei-Fei","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Xin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng-Yu","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Ying","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Cheng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"3835_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00376-8","volume":"21","author":"J Gutierrez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gutierrez J, Turan TN, Hoh BL, Chimowitz MI. Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Lancet Neurol. 2022;21(4):355\u201368.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"3835_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Markus HS, van Der Flier WM, Smith EE, Bath P, Biessels GJ, Briceno E, Brodtman A, Chabriat H, Chen C, de Leeuw FE et al. Framework for clinical trials in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (FINESSE): a review. JAMA Neurol 2022.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.2262"},{"issue":"1","key":"3835_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.3122","volume":"76","author":"S Debette","year":"2019","unstructured":"Debette S, Schilling S, Duperron MG, Larsson SC, Markus HS. Clinical significance of magnetic resonance imaging markers of Vascular Brain Injury: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2019;76(1):81\u201394.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3835_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3302","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.030478","volume":"51","author":"M Kneihsl","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kneihsl M, Hofer E, Enzinger C, Niederkorn K, Horner S, Pinter D, Fandler-Hofler S, Eppinger S, Haidegger M, Schmidt R, et al. Intracranial pulsatility in relation to Severity and Progression of Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensities. Stroke. 2020;51(11):3302\u20139.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"3835_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.04.005","volume":"105","author":"EJ Vinke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vinke EJ, Yilmaz P, van der Toorn JE, Fakhry R, Frenzen K, Dubost F, Licher S, de Bruijne M, Kavousi M, Ikram MA, et al. Intracranial arteriosclerosis is related to cerebral small vessel disease: a prospective cohort study. Neurobiol Aging. 2021;105:16\u201324.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"23","key":"3835_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-4195","volume":"8","author":"F Han","year":"2020","unstructured":"Han F, Zhou LX, Ni J, Yao M, Zhai FF, Liu YT, Wu W, Xue HD, Li ML, Yang M, et al. Design of the Shunyi study on cardiovascular disease and age-related brain changes: a community-based, prospective, cohort study. Ann Transl Med. 2020;8(23):1579.","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"3835_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70124-8","volume":"12","author":"JM Wardlaw","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wardlaw JM, Smith EE, Biessels GJ, Cordonnier C, Fazekas F, Frayne R, Lindley RI, O\u2019Brien JT, Barkhof F, Benavente OR, et al. Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12(8):822\u201338.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3835_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.032","volume":"59","author":"P Schmidt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schmidt P, Gaser C, Arsic M, Buck D, Forschler A, Berthele A, Hoshi M, Ilg R, Schmid VJ, Zimmer C, et al. An automated tool for detection of FLAIR-hyperintense white-matter lesions in multiple sclerosis. NeuroImage. 2012;59(4):3774\u201383.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"4","key":"3835_CR9","first-page":"643","volume":"21","author":"OB Samuels","year":"2000","unstructured":"Samuels OB, Joseph GJ, Lynn MJ, Smith HA, Chimowitz MI. A standardized method for measuring intracranial arterial stenosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21(4):643\u20136.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3835_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.020130","volume":"49","author":"FF Zhai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhai FF, Yan S, Li ML, Han F, Wang Q, Zhou LX, Ni J, Yao M, Zhang SY, Cui LY, et al. Intracranial arterial dolichoectasia and stenosis: risk factors and relation to Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Stroke. 2018;49(5):1135\u201340.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"10","key":"3835_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2967","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.025964","volume":"50","author":"S Shitara","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shitara S, Fujiyoshi A, Hisamatsu T, Torii S, Suzuki S, Ito T, Arima H, Shiino A, Nozaki K, Miura K, et al. Intracranial Artery Stenosis and its Association with conventional risk factors in a General Population of Japanese men. Stroke. 2019;50(10):2967\u20139.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"3835_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.003508","volume":"45","author":"Y Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang Y, Zhao X, Liu L, Soo YO, Pu Y, Pan Y, Wang Y, Zou X, Leung TW, Cai Y, et al. Prevalence and outcomes of symptomatic intracranial large artery stenoses and occlusions in China: the Chinese intracranial atherosclerosis (CICAS) study. Stroke. 2014;45(3):663\u20139.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"3835_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2010.51.3.318","volume":"51","author":"YD Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim YD, Choi HY, Cho HJ, Cha MJ, Nam CM, Han SW, Nam HS, Heo JH. Increasing frequency and burden of cerebral artery atherosclerosis in Korean stroke patients. Yonsei Med J. 2010;51(3):318\u201325.","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"3835_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1159\/000367587","volume":"38","author":"WS Ryu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ryu WS, Park SS, Kim YS, Lee SH, Kang K, Kim C, Sohn CH, Lee SH, Yoon BW. Long-term natural history of intracranial arterial stenosis: an MRA follow-up study. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014;38(4):290\u20136.","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"3835_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2712","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.513176","volume":"39","author":"EJ van Dijk","year":"2008","unstructured":"van Dijk EJ, Prins ND, Vrooman HA, Hofman A, Koudstaal PJ, Breteler MM. Progression of cerebral small vessel disease in relation to risk factors and cognitive consequences: Rotterdam scan study. Stroke. 2008;39(10):2712\u20139.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"3835_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.607184","volume":"42","author":"MM Poels","year":"2011","unstructured":"Poels MM, Ikram MA, van der Lugt A, Hofman A, Krestin GP, Breteler MM, Vernooij MW. Incidence of cerebral microbleeds in the general population: the Rotterdam scan study. Stroke. 2011;42(3):656\u201361.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"5","key":"3835_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318227b227","volume":"77","author":"S Debette","year":"2011","unstructured":"Debette S, Seshadri S, Beiser A, Au R, Himali JJ, Palumbo C, Wolf PA, DeCarli C. Midlife vascular risk factor exposure accelerates structural brain aging and cognitive decline. Neurology. 2011;77(5):461\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"3835_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70195-9","volume":"12","author":"CA Holmstedt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Holmstedt CA, Turan TN, Chimowitz MI. Atherosclerotic intracranial arterial stenosis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12(11):1106\u201314.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3835_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2020-000813","volume":"6","author":"MJ Shu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shu MJ, Zhai FF, Zhang DD, Han F, Zhou L, Ni J, Yao M, Zhang SY, Cui LY, Jin ZY, et al. Metabolic syndrome, intracranial arterial stenosis and cerebral small vessel disease in community-dwelling populations. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2021;6(4):589\u201394.","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3835_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2017.02110","volume":"20","author":"F Han","year":"2018","unstructured":"Han F, Zhai FF, Wang Q, Zhou LX, Ni J, Yao M, Li ML, Zhang SY, Cui LY, Jin ZY, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in a Chinese Population-based sample. J Stroke. 2018;20(2):239\u201346.","journal-title":"J Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"3835_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.1.132","volume":"53","author":"R Schmidt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schmidt R, Fazekas F, Kapeller P, Schmidt H, Hartung HP. MRI white matter hyperintensities: three-year follow-up of the Austrian stroke Prevention Study. Neurology. 1999;53(1):132\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3835_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000149625.99732.69","volume":"36","author":"WT Longstreth Jr","year":"2005","unstructured":"Longstreth WT Jr., Arnold AM, Beauchamp NJ Jr., Manolio TA, Lefkowitz D, Jungreis C, Hirsch CH, O\u2019Leary DH, Furberg CD. Incidence, manifestations, and predictors of worsening white matter on serial cranial magnetic resonance imaging in the elderly: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke. 2005;36(1):56\u201361.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"11","key":"3835_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.025822","volume":"50","author":"EL Scharf","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scharf EL, Graff-Radford J, Przybelski SA, Lesnick TG, Mielke MM, Knopman DS, Preboske GM, Schwarz CG, Senjem ML, Gunter JL, et al. Cardiometabolic Health and Longitudinal Progression of White Matter Hyperintensity: the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. Stroke. 2019;50(11):3037\u201344.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"3835_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.07.049","volume":"181","author":"CP Chung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chung CP, Chou KH, Peng LN, Liu LK, Lee WJ, Chen LK, Lin CP, Wang PN. Associations between low circulatory low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and brain health in non-stroke non-demented subjects. NeuroImage. 2018;181:627\u201334.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"3","key":"3835_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.563502","volume":"41","author":"J Jimenez-Conde","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jimenez-Conde J, Biffi A, Rahman R, Kanakis A, Butler C, Sonni S, Massasa E, Cloonan L, Gilson A, Capozzo K, et al. Hyperlipidemia and reduced white matter hyperintensity volume in patients with ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2010;41(3):437\u201342.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"5545","key":"3835_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1126\/science.294.5545.1354","volume":"294","author":"DH Mauch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mauch DH, Nagler K, Schumacher S, Goritz C, Muller EC, Otto A, Pfrieger FW. CNS synaptogenesis promoted by glia-derived cholesterol. Science. 2001;294(5545):1354\u20137.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"3835_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2005.02.006","volume":"29","author":"C Goritz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Goritz C, Mauch DH, Pfrieger FW. Multiple mechanisms mediate cholesterol-induced synaptogenesis in a CNS neuron. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2005;29(2):190\u2013201.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"3835_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000129643.77045.10","volume":"35","author":"LD Atwood","year":"2004","unstructured":"Atwood LD, Wolf PA, Heard-Costa NL, Massaro JM, Beiser A, D\u2019Agostino RB, DeCarli C. Genetic variation in white matter hyperintensity volume in the Framingham Study. Stroke. 2004;35(7):1609\u201313.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"4","key":"3835_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.4.1166","volume":"53","author":"MA Austin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Austin MA, Edwards KL, McNeely MJ, Chandler WL, Leonetti DL, Talmud PJ, Humphries SE, Fujimoto WY. Heritability of multivariate factors of the metabolic syndrome in nondiabetic Japanese americans. Diabetes. 2004;53(4):1166\u20139.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"9","key":"3835_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-020-1849-x","volume":"64","author":"F Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han F, Zhang DD, Zhai FF, Xue J, Zhang JT, Yan S, Zhou LX, Ni J, Yao M, Yang M, et al. Association between large artery stenosis, cerebral small vessel disease and risk of ischemic stroke. Sci China Life Sci. 2021;64(9):1473\u201380.","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"3835_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.07.043","volume":"27","author":"OH Del Brutto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Del Brutto OH, Mera RM, Espinosa V, Nader JA, Zambrano M, Simon LV, Parikh PR, Castillo PR, Matcha G. Distribution of Cervicocephalic Atherosclerotic Lesions and their correlation with Cardiovascular Risk factors in a Population of amerindians. The Atahualpa Project. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018;27(11):3356\u201364.","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03835-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03835-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03835-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T09:04:56Z","timestamp":1725613496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03835-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3835"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03835-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants. All study protocols were approved by the Ethical Committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (reference number: B-160).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"328"}}