{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T16:13:47Z","timestamp":1783440827485,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731110400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-024-03909-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T04:20:06Z","timestamp":1731126006000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Case report: orthostatic hypotension as the first presentation of progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) with multiple autoimmune antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jinyi","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoyang","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peilin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"3909_CR1","unstructured":"Moersch F P, Woltman H W. Progressive fluctuating muscular rigidity and spasm (stiff-man syndrome); report of a case and some observations in 13 other cases. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 1956, 31(15):421-7."},{"key":"3909_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jos\u00e9 Fidel Baizabal-Carvallo, Jankovic J. Stiff-person syndrome: insights into a complex autoimmune disorder. 2015, 86(8):840\u20138.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-309201"},{"key":"3909_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown P, Marsden CD. The stiff man and stiff man plus syndromes[J]. J Neurol 1999,246(8).","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050425"},{"key":"3909_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whiteley AM, Swash M, Urich H. Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity.[J]. Brain: J Neurol 1976,99(1).","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/99.1.27"},{"issue":"2","key":"3909_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.1997.11740794","volume":"19","author":"T Back","year":"1997","unstructured":"Back T, Stoltenburg-Didinger G. A new variant of progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity associated with cerebellar ataxia and dementia:correlation of MRI and histopathological changes.A case report. Neurol Res. 1997;19(2):187\u201391.","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"3909_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.04.003","volume":"332","author":"N Jazebi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jazebi N, Rodrigo S. Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) positive cerebellar Ataxia with transitioning to progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM), responsive to immunotherapy: a case report and review of literature. J Neuroimmunol. 2019;332:135\u20137.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"3909_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaur D, Tiwana H, Stino A, Sandroni P. Autonomic neuropathies. Muscle Nerve. 2021;63(1):10\u201321. doi: 10.1002\/mus.27048. Epub 2020 Sep 14. PMID: 32926436.","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27048"},{"key":"3909_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu142","volume":"137","author":"A Carvajal-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carvajal-Gonz\u00e1lez A, Leite MI, Waters P, et al. Glycine receptor antibodies in PERM and related syndromes: characteristics, clinical features and outcomes. Brain. 2014;137:2178\u201392.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"3909_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meinck HM, Thompson PD. Stiff man syndrome and related conditions. Mov Disord 17: 853\u201366, 200.","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10279"},{"issue":"3","key":"3909_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000450","volume":"30","author":"SJ Crisp","year":"2017","unstructured":"Crisp SJ, Balint B, Vincent A. Redefining progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus after the discovery of antibodies to glycine receptors. Curr Opin Neurol. 2017;30(3):310\u20136.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3909_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318227b176","volume":"77","author":"MR Turner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Turner MR, Irani SR, Leite MI, Nithi K, Vincent A, Ansorge O. Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus: glycine and NMDA receptor antibodies. Neurology. 2011;77(5):439\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318227b176. Epub 2011 Jul 20. PMID: 21775733; PMCID: PMC3146306.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3909_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Uehara T, Murai H, Yamasaki R, Kikuchi H, Shigeto H, Ohyagi Y, Kira J. Thymoma-associated progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus successfully treated with thymectomy and intravenous immunoglobulin.Eur Neurol.2011;66(6):328\u2009\u2013\u200930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000332033. Epub 2011 Nov 11. PMID: 22086169.","DOI":"10.1159\/000332033"},{"issue":"5","key":"3909_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1159\/000342237","volume":"69","author":"E Shugaiv","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shugaiv E, Leite MI, \u015eehito\u011flu E, Woodhall M, \u00c7avu\u015f F, Waters P, \u0130\u00e7\u00f6z S, Biri\u015fik \u00d6, U\u011furel E, Ulusoy C, K\u00fcrt\u00fcnc\u00fc M, Vural B, Vincent A, Akman-Demir G, T\u00fcz\u00fcn E. Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus: a syndrome with diverse clinical features and antibody responses. Eur Neurol. 2013;69(5):257\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000342237. Epub 2013 Feb 20. PMID: 23429048.","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"issue":"17","key":"3909_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000372","volume":"82","author":"B Balint","year":"2014","unstructured":"Balint B, Jarius S. Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus: a new variant with DPPX antibodies. Neurology. 2014;82(17):1521\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3909_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Koike Y, Suwabe T, Konno T, Umeda Y, Oyake M, Fujita N. [A case of progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus associated with anti-GAD, anti-glycine receptor and anti-GM1 antibodies]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku.2015;55(2):111-4.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5692\/clinicalneurol.55.111. PMID: 25746075.","DOI":"10.5692\/clinicalneurol.55.111"},{"issue":"5","key":"3909_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2017.09.012","volume":"174","author":"T Wirth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wirth T, Kaeuffer C, Chanson JB, Echaniz-Laguna A, Renaud M, Anheim M, Schneider F, Tranchant C. Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus, a diagnostic challenge. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2018;174(5):343\u20136. Epub 2018 Apr 22. PMID: 29685428.","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"issue":"7","key":"3909_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-0359-x","volume":"16","author":"F Graus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Graus F, Saiz A, Dalmau J. GAD antibodies in neurological disorders - insights and challenges. Nat Rev Neurol. 2020;16(7):353\u201365.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"3909_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dalakas MC. Stiff Person Syndrome and GAD Antibody-Spectrum Disorders. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2024;30(4):1110\u20131135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/CON.0000000000001457. PMID: 39088290.","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000001457"},{"issue":"16","key":"3909_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000327606.50322.f0","volume":"71","author":"M Hutchinson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hutchinson M, Waters P, McHugh J, et al. Progressive encephalomyelitis, rigidity, and myoclonus: a novel glycine receptor antibody [J]. Neurology. 2008;71(16):1291\u20132.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"3909_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.01017","volume":"11","author":"Y Su","year":"2020","unstructured":"Su Y, Cui L, Zhu M, et al. Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus with thymoma: a case report and literature review [J]. Front Neurol. 2020;11(7):1017.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"3909_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289460","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1289460","volume":"14","author":"A Balshi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Balshi A, Taylor E, Huang Y, Obando D, Miles A, Comisac M, Wang Y, Newsome SD. Prevalence of non-neurological autoantibodies and related comorbidities in stiff person spectrum disorders. Front Neurol. 2023;14:1289460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2023.1289460. PMID: 38073642; PMCID: PMC10703453.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3909_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285615614812","volume":"9","author":"EE Magira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Magira EE, Alexopoulos H, Charitatos E, Michas D, Dalakas MC. Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM): brucellosis as a possible triggering factor and long-term follow-up therapy with rituximab. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2016;9(1):69\u201373.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"issue":"13","key":"3909_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.56.7979","volume":"56","author":"S Morise","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morise S, Nakamura M, Morita JI, Miyake K, Kunieda T, Kaneko S, Kusaka H. Thymoma-associated Progressive Encephalomyelitis with Rigidity and Myoclonus (PERM) with Myasthenia Gravis. Intern Med. 2017;56(13):1733\u20137.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3909_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.12.025","volume":"291","author":"C Schmidt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schmidt C, Freilinger T. Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus preceding otherwise asymptomatic Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma. J Neurol Sci. 2010;291(1\u20132):118\u201320.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3909_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13928","volume":"11","author":"RJ Neo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Neo RJ, Mehta AR, Weston M, Magrinelli F, Quattrone A, Gandhi S, Joyce EM, Bhatia KP. Neuropsychiatric presentation of Anti-DPPX Progressive Encephalomyelitis with Rigidity and Myoclonus. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2024;11(1):97\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mdc3.13928. Epub 2023 Nov 23. PMID: 38291842; PMCID: PMC10828617.","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"3909_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-022-02555-y","volume":"22","author":"Q Yao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yao Q, Fu M, Ren L, Lin C, Cao L. Inspiratory laryngeal stridor as the main feature of progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus: a case report and literature review. BMC Neurol. 2022;22(1):42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-022-02555-y. PMID: 35090404; PMCID: PMC8796497.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03909-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03909-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03909-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T21:20:29Z","timestamp":1731187229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03909-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3909"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-024-03909-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed written consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this report and any accompanying images.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors have read the CARE Checklist (2016), and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CARE Checklist (2016).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Care checklist (2016) statement"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"435"}}