{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:15:11Z","timestamp":1772165711734,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary central nervous system plasmablastic lymphoma (PCNSPBL) represents an exceptionally rare and aggressive subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), characterized by its distinct immunophenotypic profile and predilection for immunocompromised individuals. Accurate preoperative diagnosis remains challenging due to the nonspecific radiological features observed on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), necessitating comprehensive histopathological evaluation for definitive diagnosis. While intracranial involvement of PBL has been documented in the literature, intraspinal metastasis of this malignancy has not been previously reported. This study presents a novel case of PCNSPBL with concurrent spinal cord metastasis in an elderly male patient, with a detailed analysis of advanced neuroimaging characteristics that may aid in the diagnostic evaluation of this rare entity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 52-year-old male patient presented to our institution with left-sided limb weakness. Laboratory investigations revealed positive Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA (EBER). Conventional MRI demonstrated a mass lesion with a clear anatomical relationship to the inferior horn of the right lateral ventricle, presenting as compression and stenosis of the right ventricle. Due to the mass effect, the patient underwent surgical resection of the right temporal lobe lesion, with histopathological examination confirming the diagnosis of plasmablastic lymphoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This report represents the first documented case of PCNSPBL with intradural extramedullary metastasis, underscoring the diagnostic challenges associated with this rare malignancy. Advanced neuroimaging techniques, including functional MRI, serve as valuable complements to conventional MRI in the diagnostic workup. Early and accurate diagnosis of PBL is critical for timely intervention, and further studies are warranted to establish standardized imaging protocols for this rare entity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-025-04409-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T14:36:49Z","timestamp":1759156609000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Primary intracranial plasmablastic lymphoma with intradural extramedullary metastasis: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Zhuoru","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengyang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhennan","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengnan","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"4409_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.27376","volume":"99","author":"A Ramirez-Gamero","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ramirez-Gamero A, Mart\u00ednez-Cordero H, Beltr\u00e1n BE, Florindez J, Malpica L, Castillo JJ. Plasmablastic lymphoma: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management. Am J Hematol. 2024;99(8):1586\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.27376.","journal-title":"Am J Hematol."},{"issue":"7","key":"4409_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1097\/pas.0000000000000234","volume":"38","author":"J Morscio","year":"2014","unstructured":"Morscio J, Dierickx D, Nijs J, et al. Clinicopathologic comparison of plasmablastic lymphoma in HIV-positive, immunocompetent, and posttransplant patients: single-center series of 25 cases and meta-analysis of 277 reported cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2014;38(7):875\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pas.0000000000000234.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4409_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2014.2604","volume":"8","author":"C Cao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cao C, Liu T, Lou S, Liu W, Shen K, Xiang B. Unusual presentation of duodenal plasmablastic lymphoma in an immunocompetent patient: a case report and literature review. Oncol Lett. 2014;8(6):2539\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ol.2014.2604.","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"4409_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.07.003","volume":"69","author":"U Eke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eke U, Pratt G, Muc R, Heagerty A. Cutaneous plasmablastic lymphoma in a nonimmunocompromised patient. J Am Acad Dermatol Dec. 2013;69(6):e315\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.07.003.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol Dec"},{"issue":"2","key":"4409_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.5858\/2001-125-0282-plotl","volume":"125","author":"Y Lin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lin Y, Rodrigues GD, Turner JF, Vasef MA. Plasmablastic lymphoma of the lung: report of a unique case and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2001;125(2):282\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5858\/2001-125-0282-plotl.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"4409_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15489","volume":"183","author":"UT Khan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khan UT, Racu-Amoasii I, Arumainathan A, Meswani U, Pettitt AR, Menon G. Central nervous system plasmablastic lymphoma evolving from polyclonal plasmacytosis. Br J Haematol. 2018;183(3):345\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.15489.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"4409_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.10.098","volume":"97","author":"H Ma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ma H, Wei MH, Qin HM, Wang GY, Hu ZC. Long-Term survival of primary intracranial plasmablastic lymphoma: case report and review of the literature. World Neurosurg Jan. 2017;97:750e5. 750.e10.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg Jan"},{"key":"4409_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2024-263511","author":"RS Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee RS, Lohano S, Safdar M. Plasmablastic myeloma with a history of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. BMJ Case Rep. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2024-263511.","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"4409_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e77310","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.77310","volume":"17","author":"M Harandou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Harandou M, Bensalah M, Seddik R. Plasmablastic lymphoma masquerading as plasma cell myeloma: A case report. Cureus Jan. 2025;17(1):e77310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.77310.","journal-title":"Cureus Jan"},{"issue":"1","key":"4409_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-024-06145-5","volume":"104","author":"IK Puhakka","year":"2025","unstructured":"Puhakka IK, Sunela KL, R\u00f6nk\u00e4 AL, et al. Defining MRI-based follow-up protocol for primary central nervous system lymphoma. Ann Hematol Jan. 2025;104(1):627\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00277-024-06145-5.","journal-title":"Ann Hematol Jan"},{"key":"4409_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479282","DOI":"10.3389\/fradi.2024.1479282","volume":"4","author":"EH Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li EH, Davila C, Zuraski C, Chang J, Goodwill V, Farid N. Case report: diffuse cerebral lymphomatosis with superimposed multifocal primary CNS lymphoma. Front Radiol. 2024;4:1479282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fradi.2024.1479282.","journal-title":"Front Radiol"},{"key":"4409_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bas.2024.103926","volume":"4","author":"M Majovsky","year":"2024","unstructured":"Majovsky M, Moravec T, Komarc M, et al. Surgical results in patients with CNS lymphoma. Comparison of predictive value of intraoperative MRI and intraoperative histological examination for diagnostic biopsy yield. Brain and Spine. 2024;4:103926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bas.2024.103926.","journal-title":"Brain and Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"4409_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2014064","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2014.064","volume":"6","author":"M Bibas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bibas M, Castillo JJ. Current knowledge on HIV-associated plasmablastic lymphoma. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2014;6(1):e2014064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4084\/mjhid.2014.064.","journal-title":"Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4409_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.23374","volume":"44","author":"M Romero","year":"2016","unstructured":"Romero M, Gonz\u00e1lez-Fontal GR, Saavedra C, et al. Primary CNS plasmablastic lymphoma in an HIV\/EBV negative patient: a case report. Diagn Cytopathol. 2016;44(1):61\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dc.23374.","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"key":"4409_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1596-7-51","volume":"7","author":"LY Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang LY, Lin HY, Gao LX, et al. Primary central nervous system plasmablastic lymphoma presenting in human immunodeficiency virus-negative but Epstein-Barr virus-positive patient: a case report. Diagn Pathol. 2012;7:51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1746-1596-7-51.","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4409_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2013.08.006","volume":"115","author":"J Gao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gao J, Kong X, Zhong D, et al. An uncommon case of epidural plasmablastic lymphoma presents as spinal cord compression. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2013;115(10):2301\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2013.08.006.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4409_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1397335","volume":"19","author":"M Corti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Corti M, Minu\u00e9 G, Campitelli A, Narbaitz M, Gilardi L. An aggressive plasmablastic lymphoma of the oral cavity as primary manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: case report and literature review. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;19(4):354\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1397335.","journal-title":"Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4409_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949910800115","volume":"108","author":"A Carbone","year":"1999","unstructured":"Carbone A, Gaidano G, Gloghini A, Ferlito A, Rinaldo A, Stein H. AIDS-related plasmablastic lymphomas of the oral cavity and jaws: a diagnostic dilemma. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Jan. 1999;108(1):95\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000348949910800115.","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Jan"},{"key":"4409_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Podder S, Khetan P, Sivamurthy S, Mandal K. Rare presentation of orbital plasmablastic lymphoma with oral cavity involvement in an HIV-negative patient. BMJ Case Rep. 2015;2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2015-211960.","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2015-211960"},{"issue":"1","key":"4409_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2008.00673.x","volume":"38","author":"S Kane","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kane S, Khurana A, Parulkar G, et al. Minimum diagnostic criteria for plasmablastic lymphoma of oral\/sinonasal region encountered in a tertiary cancer hospital of a developing country. J Oral Pathol Med. 2009;38(1):138\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2008.00673.x.","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4409_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1309\/ajcpv1i2qwkzknjh","volume":"136","author":"ED Hsi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hsi ED, Lorsbach RB, Fend F, Dogan A. Plasmablastic lymphoma and related disorders. Am J Clin Pathol Aug. 2011;136(2):183\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1309\/ajcpv1i2qwkzknjh.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol Aug"},{"issue":"3","key":"4409_CR22","first-page":"747","volume":"1","author":"A Carbone","year":"1998","unstructured":"Carbone A, Gaidano G, Gloghini A, et al. Differential expression of BCL-6, CD138\/syndecan-1, and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein-1 identifies distinct histogenetic subsets of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphomas. Blood Feb. 1998;1(3):747\u201355.","journal-title":"Blood Feb"},{"issue":"8","key":"4409_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.21520","volume":"39","author":"PA Urrego","year":"2011","unstructured":"Urrego PA, Smethurst M, Fowkes M, et al. Primary CNS plasmablastic lymphoma: report of a case with CSF cytology, flow cytometry, radiology, histological correlation, and review of the literature. Diagn Cytopathol. 2011;39(8):616\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dc.21520.","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4409_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2023.03.012","volume":"44","author":"JLR de Paiva","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Paiva JLR, Sabino JV, Pereira FV, et al. The role of MRI in the diagnosis of spinal cord tumors. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2023;44(5):436\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.sult.2023.03.012.","journal-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MR"},{"issue":"7","key":"4409_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.12.018","volume":"1","author":"E Harris","year":"2014","unstructured":"Harris E, Butler JS, Cassidy N. Aggressive plasmablastic lymphoma of the thoracic spine presenting as acute spinal cord compression in a case of asymptomatic undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus infection. Spine J Jul. 2014;1(7):e1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.12.018.","journal-title":"Spine J Jul"},{"issue":"3","key":"4409_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-010-0445-9","volume":"103","author":"A Zimny","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zimny A, Sasiadek M. Contribution of perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the differentiation of meningiomas and other extra-axial tumors: case reports and literature review. J Neurooncol. 2011;103(3):777\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-010-0445-9.","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4409_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2008.02.036","volume":"67","author":"V Callot","year":"2008","unstructured":"Callot V, Galanaud D, Le Fur Y, Confort-Gouny S, Ranjeva JP, Cozzone PJ. (1)H MR spectroscopy of human brain tumours: a practical approach. Eur J Radiol Aug. 2008;67(2):268\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2008.02.036.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol Aug"},{"key":"4409_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reis F., Schwingel R., Nascimento F.B. Central nervous system lymphoma: iconographic essay. Radiol Bras. 2013;46(2):110\u2013116.","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-39842013000200016"},{"issue":"6","key":"4409_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2171","volume":"32","author":"IS Haldorsen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Haldorsen IS, Espeland A, Larsson EM. Central nervous system lymphoma: characteristic findings on traditional and advanced imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011;32(6):984\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A2171.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-025-04409-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-025-04409-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-025-04409-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T14:36:50Z","timestamp":1759156610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12883-025-04409-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-025-04409-9","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6195925\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the individual(s) for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"394"}}