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While objective motor improvements after DBS are well documented, less is known about how patients and all those involved in their care perceive these benefits on a subjective level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary aim of the study was to investigate the perception gap between patients, caregivers, and treating neurologists regarding DBS physical and psychological benefits in PD and their correlates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>25 PD patients (age 58.9\u2009\u00b1\u20098.0 years; 9 women) who underwent bilateral STN-DBS, along with their caregivers and neurologists, rated perceived psychological and physical improvements 6 months after surgery using a two-item Visual Analogue Scales (VAS, 0\u201310). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC [95% confidence interval]) were calculated to assess reliability between raters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients, caregivers, and neurologists reported an average improvement of about 60% in the psychological domain and over 75% in the physical domain (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:italic>&lt;\u20090.001<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). No significant differences emerged between groups in two domains (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>&gt;\u20090.05<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). Inter-rater agreement was moderate-to-good for psychological improvement (0.74 [0.41\u20130.90],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), moderate for physical improvement (0.69 [0.27\u20130.88],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003), and good overall (0.79 [0.50\u20130.92],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PD patients, caregivers, and neurologists largely agree on the benefits of DBS six months post-surgery, reinforcing the reliability of patient self-report in outcome assessment. Integrating patient self-reports with proxy assessments enhances the evaluation of DBS outcomes, supporting a more comprehensive and patient-centered approach to both treatment assessment and post-surgical care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06329726. Registered on 26 March 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-025-04455-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T15:42:57Z","timestamp":1760456577000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Triple perspective: assessing deep brain stimulation outcomes in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8059-033X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise","family":"Mellace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Mameli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Ruggiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Cogiamanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Borellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6591-7631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelica","family":"De Sandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7324-577X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelica","family":"Marfoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Zirone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Mailland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Pirola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella M.","family":"Ampollini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi G.","family":"Remore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1549-3851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Priori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5109-9483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Ferrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4455_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-9158-2-22","volume":"2","author":"R Mehanna","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mehanna R, Lai EC. 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