{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T20:15:24Z","timestamp":1769717724902,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-025-04567-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T05:46:59Z","timestamp":1767073619000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in young patients from a Comprehensive Stroke Care Unit in MENA region, Hospital Based Study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3092-2159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Islam","family":"El-Malky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hosam Alieldeen","family":"Abdelmageed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hussein Bahey","family":"El-Deen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Abdelhafiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"4567_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators. Global, regional, and National burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet Neurol. 2021;20(10):795.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00252-0"},{"issue":"2","key":"4567_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70340-0","volume":"9","author":"CJ Van Asch","year":"2010","unstructured":"Van Asch CJ, Luitse MJ, Rinkel GJ, van der Tweel I, Algra A, Klijn CJ. Incidence, case fatality, and functional outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage over time, according to age, sex, and ethnic origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Neurology. 2010 Feb 1;9(2):167-76.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4567_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e318296aeca","volume":"44","author":"RL Sacco","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sacco RL, Kasner SE, Broderick JP, Caplan LR, Connors JJ, Culebras A, Elkind MS, George MG, Hamdan AD, Higashida RT, Hoh BL. An updated definition of stroke for the 21st century: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American heart association\/American stroke association. Stroke. 2013;44(7):2064\u201389.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"10","key":"4567_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01990-1","volume":"28","author":"CJ Murray","year":"2022","unstructured":"Murray CJ. The global burden of disease study at 30 years. Nat Med. 2022;28(10):2019\u201326.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4567_CR5","first-page":"209370","volume":"2011","author":"D Griffiths","year":"2011","unstructured":"Griffiths D, Sturm J. Epidemiology and etiology of young stroke. Stroke Res Treat. 2011;2011(1):209370.","journal-title":"Stroke Res Treat"},{"issue":"2","key":"4567_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.3095","volume":"38","author":"JM Cundiff","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cundiff JM, Bennett A, Carson AP, Judd SE, Howard VJ. Socioeconomic status and psychological stress: examining intersection with race, sex and US geographic region in the reasons for geographic and Racial differences in stroke study. Stress Health. 2022;38(2):340\u20139.","journal-title":"Stress Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"4567_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.0020","volume":"74","author":"MG George","year":"2017","unstructured":"George MG, Tong X, Bowman BA. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and strokes in younger adults. JAMA Neurol. 2017;74(6):695\u2013703.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4567_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2018.17","volume":"14","author":"T Tatlisumak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tatlisumak T, Cucchiara B, Kuroda S, Kasner SE, Putaala J. Nontraumatic intracerebral haemorrhage in young adults. Nat Reviews Neurol. 2018;14(4):237\u201350.","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4567_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003480","volume":"41","author":"M Brunstr\u00f6m","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brunstr\u00f6m M, Burnier M, Grassi G, Januszewicz A, Muiesan ML, Tsioufis K, Agabiti-Rosei E, Algharably EA, Azizi M, Benetos A, Borghi C. 2023 ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European society of hypertension: endorsed by the international society of hypertension (ISH) and the European renal association (ERA). J Hypertens. 2023;41(12):1874\u20132071.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"4567_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes\u20142025. Diabetes Care 48, no. Supplement_1. (2025): S27-S49.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S002"},{"issue":"8","key":"4567_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.8.1304","volume":"27","author":"RU Kothari","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kothari RU, Brott T, Broderick JP, Barsan WG, Sauerbeck LR, Zuccarello M, Khoury J. The ABCs of measuring intracerebral hemorrhage volumes. Stroke. 1996;27(8):1304\u20135.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"14","key":"4567_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182143317","volume":"76","author":"D Dowlatshahi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dowlatshahi D, Demchuk AM, Flaherty ML, Ali M, Lyden PL, Smith EE. Defining hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage: relationship with patient outcomes. Neurology. 2011;76(14):1238\u201344.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"4567_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-025-03555-8","volume":"67","author":"A Hillal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hillal A, Apostolaki-Hansson T, Ramgren B, Hansen B, Norrving B, Wass\u00e9lius J, Ullberg T. The probability of cerebral amyloid angiopathy according to the simplified Edinburgh CT criteria in a large, unselected Lobar intracerebral hemorrhage population. Neuroradiology. 2025;67(4):823\u201331.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"4567_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.4.537","volume":"56","author":"KA - Knudsen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Knudsen KA, Rosand J, Karluk D, Greenberg SM. Clinical diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: validation of the Boston criteria. Neurology. 2001;56(4):537\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"4567_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.4.891","volume":"32","author":"JC Hemphill III","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hemphill JC III, Bonovich DC, Besmertis L, Manley GT, Johnston SC. The ICH score: a simple, reliable grading scale for intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2001;32(4):891\u20137.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"7","key":"4567_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e282","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000407","volume":"53","author":"SM Greenberg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Greenberg SM, Ziai WC, Cordonnier C, Dowlatshahi D, Francis B, Goldstein JN, Hemphill JC III, Johnson R, Keigher KM, Mack WJ, Mocco J. 2022 guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline from the American heart association\/American stroke association. Stroke. 2022;53(7):e282\u2013361.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"4567_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.3.537","volume":"30","author":"JL Ru\u00edz-Sandoval","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ru\u00edz-Sandoval JL, Cant\u00fa C, Barinagarrementeria F. Intracerebral hemorrhage in young people: analysis of risk factors, location, causes, and prognosis. Stroke. 1999;30(3):537\u201341.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"12","key":"4567_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2789","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000038988.64376.3A","volume":"33","author":"BS Jacobs","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jacobs BS, Boden-Albala B, Lin IF, Sacco RL. Stroke in the young in the Northern Manhattan stroke study. Stroke. 2002;33(12):2789\u201393.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"4567_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13512","volume":"26","author":"C Damien","year":"2021","unstructured":"Damien C, Cisse F, Ligot N, Toure ML, Konat\u00e9 M, Barry SD, Saw M, Naeije G. Insights in the pathophysiology of haemorrhagic strokes in a sub-Sahara African country, an epidemiological and MRI study. Tropical Med Int Health. 2021;26(2):166\u201372.","journal-title":"Tropical Med Int Health"},{"issue":"12 Suppl","key":"4567_CR20","first-page":"I13","volume":"24","author":"SJ Kittner","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kittner SJ, McCarter RJ, Sherwin RW, Sloan MA, Stern BJ, Johnson CJ, Buchholz D, Seipp MJ, Price TR. Black-white differences in stroke risk among young adults. Stroke. 1993;24(12 Suppl):I13\u20135.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"10258","key":"4567_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","volume":"396","author":"T Vos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vos T, Lim SS, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abbasi M, Abbasifard M, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbastabar H, Abd-Allah F, Abdelalim A, Abdollahi M. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1204\u201322.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4567_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915813","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.915813","volume":"13","author":"S - Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang S, Zou XL, Wu LX, Zhou HF, Xiao L, Yao T, Zhang Y, Ma J, Zeng Y, Zhang L. Epidemiology of intracerebral hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol. 2022;13:915813.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4567_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12543","volume":"22","author":"RJ Koivunen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koivunen RJ, Satop\u00e4\u00e4 J, Meretoja A, Strbian D, Haapaniemi E, Niemel\u00e4 M, Tatlisumak T, Putaala J. Incidence, risk factors, etiology, severity and short-term outcome of non\u2010traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in young adults. Eur J Neurol. 2015;22(1):123\u201332.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4567_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.5.601","volume":"69","author":"OG Nilsson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nilsson OG, Lindgren A, St\u00e5hl N, Brandt L, S\u00e4veland H. Incidence of intracerebral and subarachnoid haemorrhage in Southern Sweden. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000;69(5):601\u20137.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"4567_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.12.2501","volume":"29","author":"PL Kolominsky-Rabas","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kolominsky-Rabas PL, Sarti C, Heuschmann PU, Graf C, Siemonsen S, Neundoerfer B, Katalinic A, Lang E, Gassmann KG, Von Stockert TR. A prospective community-based study of stroke in Germany\u2014the Erlangen stroke project (ESPRO) incidence and case fatality at 1, 3, and 12 months. Stroke. 1998;29(12):2501\u20136.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"4567_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-019-01120-5","volume":"43","author":"NR Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang NR, Kim JH, Ahn JH, Oh JK, Chang IB, Song JH. Is nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage different between young and elderly patients? Neurosurg Rev. 2020;43(2):781\u201391.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"4567_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873211017723","volume":"6","author":"JI Verhoeven","year":"2021","unstructured":"Verhoeven JI, Pasi M, Casolla B, H\u00e9non H, De Leeuw FE, Leys D, Klijn CJ, Cordonnier C. Long-term mortality in young patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: predictors and causes of death. Eur Stroke J. 2021;6(2):185\u201393.","journal-title":"Eur Stroke J"},{"issue":"7","key":"4567_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072343","volume":"13","author":"M Shiozawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shiozawa M, Kaneko H, Itoh H, Morita K, Okada A, Matsuoka S, Kiriyama H, Kamon T, Fujiu K, Michihata N, Jo T. Association of body mass index with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Nutrients. 2021;13(7):2343.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"10","key":"4567_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2718","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.487090","volume":"38","author":"JD Sturgeon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sturgeon JD, Folsom AR, Longstreth WT Jr, Shahar E, Rosamond WD, Cushman M. Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage in a pooled prospective study. Stroke. 2007;38(10):2718\u201325.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"4567_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.226","volume":"12","author":"AM Carpenter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carpenter AM, Singh IP, Gandhi CD, Prestigiacomo CJ. Genetic risk factors for spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. Nat Reviews Neurol. 2016;12(1):40\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Neurol"},{"key":"4567_CR31","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global report on hypertension: the race against a silent killer. World Health Organization; 2023 Sep. p. 19."},{"issue":"10199","key":"4567_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30955-9","volume":"394","author":"GP Manne-Goehler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Geldsetzer P, Manne-Goehler J, Marcus ME, Ebert C, Zhumadilov Z, Wesseh CS, Tsabedze L, Supiyev A, Sturua L, Bahendeka SK, Sibai AM. The state of hypertension care in 44 low-income and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study of nationally representative individual-level data from 1\u00b7 1 million adults. The Lancet. 2019 Aug 24;394(10199):652-62.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"4567_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930221093526","volume":"18","author":"C Periole","year":"2023","unstructured":"Periole C, Blanc C, Calvi\u00e8re L, Fontaine L, Viguier A, Albucher JF, Chollet F, Bonneville F, Olivot JM, Raposo N. Prevalence and characterization of cerebral small vessel disease in young adults with intracerebral hemorrhage. Int J Stroke. 2023;18(1):102\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"issue":"21","key":"4567_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e037286","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.037286","volume":"13","author":"H - Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang H, Lin J, Wang L, Zhang X, Zhou T, Zhang C, Zhang S, Hu R. Global, Regional, and National burden of intracerebral hemorrhage in young adults from 1990 to 2021: A Population-Based study. J Am Heart Association. 2024;13(21):e037286.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Association"},{"issue":"10","key":"4567_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2012.03.039","volume":"114","author":"MA Kirkman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kirkman MA, Tyrrell PJ, King AT, Patel HC. Imaging in young adults with intracerebral hemorrhage. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2012;114(10):1297\u2013303.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"8","key":"4567_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.006020","volume":"45","author":"RJ Koivunen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Koivunen RJ, Satop\u00e4\u00e4 J, Haapaniemi E, Strbian D, Meretoja A, Mustanoja S, Silvennoinen H, Salonen O, Niemel\u00e4 M, Tatlisumak T, Putaala J. Predictors of early mortality in young adults after intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2014;45(8):2454\u20136.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"4567_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu198","volume":"44","author":"K R\u00e5dholm","year":"2015","unstructured":"R\u00e5dholm K, Arima H, Lindley RI, Wang J, Tzourio C, Robinson T, Heeley E, Anderson CS, Chalmers J. Older age is a strong predictor for poor outcome in intracerebral haemorrhage: the INTERACT2 study. Age Ageing. 2015;44(3):422\u20137.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"7","key":"4567_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12704","volume":"22","author":"RJ Koivunen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koivunen RJ, Tatlisumak T, Satop\u00e4\u00e4 J, Niemel\u00e4 M, Putaala J. Intracerebral hemorrhage at young age: long-term prognosis. Eur J Neurol. 2015;22(7):1029\u201337.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4567_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7469-6","volume":"261","author":"LC Rutten-Jacobs","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rutten-Jacobs LC, Maaijwee NA, Arntz RM, Schoonderwaldt HC, Dorresteijn LD, van Dijk EJ, de Leeuw FE. Clinical characteristics and outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage in young adults. J Neurol. 2014;261(11):2143\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"4567_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.09.037","volume":"336","author":"J Kalita","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kalita J, Goyal G, Kumar P, Misra UK. Intracerebral hemorrhage in young from a tertiary neurology center in North India. J Neurol Sci. 2014;336(1\u20132):42\u20137.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-025-04567-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-025-04567-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-025-04567-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T09:05:12Z","timestamp":1769677512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12883-025-04567-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4567"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-025-04567-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"An ethical approval was obtained from Research Ethics Committee of South Valley University (SVU\/MED\/NAP020\/24\/8\/913) and the study followed the Helsinki declaration. Informed written consent was taken from all participants.approval and consent to participate in the study was approved by ethics committee of South Valley University in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and written informed consents were achieved from all subjects prior to their participation.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"57"}}