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Memory impairment is also common in other neurocognitive disorders (NDs), including HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which makes it a challenge to diagnose aMCI among PWH. Therefore, we assessed the utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD pathology markers in distinguishing aMCI from HAND in PWH by investigating how these markers differentially relate to aMCI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants included 74 PWH (Mean age\u2009=\u200948 [SD\u2009=\u20098.5]; 87.4% male, 56.5% White) from the National NeuroHIV Tissue Consortium who consented to a lumbar puncture and had CSF biomarker data for A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      , p-Tau\n                      <jats:sub>181<\/jats:sub>\n                      , p-Tau\n                      <jats:sub>181<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      ratio, neopterin, and neurofilament light chain (NfL) data, as well as completed a neurocognitive battery. Participants were classified as aMCI using Jak\/Bondi criteria (if they had impairment (\u2265\u20091.0 standard deviation [SD] below the mean) on \u2265\u20092 memory outcomes among learning, delayed recall, and recognition, with at least one recognition impairment required). HAND participants had impairment (\u2265\u20091.0 SD below the mean) in \u2265\u20092 cognitive domains. HIV disease characteristics and demographic covariates were included in separate linear regression models that examined how individual biomarkers relate to diagnostic status.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among participants, 43.2% met the criteria for aMCI, 51.3% for HAND, and 34.2% met the criteria for both HAND and aMCI. Greater AD pathology, specifically CSF p-Tau\n                      <jats:sub>181<\/jats:sub>\n                      , was higher in PWH with aMCI compared to PWH without aMCI (F(1,48)\u2009=\u20094.789;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=.034; \u03b7p\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.091). CSF p-Tau\n                      <jats:sub>181<\/jats:sub>\n                      did not differ by HAND status. While the p-Tau\n                      <jats:sub>181<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      ratio was greater among those with an aMCI-like profile among PWH, it did not reach a statistically significant difference. No other biomarker significantly differed by group status.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Results suggest CSF p-Tau\n                      <jats:sub>181<\/jats:sub>\n                      is indicative of an aMCI-like cognitive profile among PWH, and may be a biologically distinct subgroup of PWH with HAND. More precise diagnosis of aMCI will allow earlier planning; however, more long-term studies are needed to determine the direction of the current results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-025-04585-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T06:39:20Z","timestamp":1768631960000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cerebrospinal fluid markers of alzheimer\u2019s pathology relate to aMCI among people with HIV"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Judith D.","family":"Lobo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa B.","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura M.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Gouaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Galasko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Letendre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark W.","family":"Bondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin. 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All subjects were enrolled with written informed consent and institutional review board (IRB) approval at each study site. The use of de-identified samples and data for the study was approved by the UC San Diego Institutional Review Board. The research completed in this study was completed with ethic approval and consent to participate in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. In the case of adults with cognitive decline, an overseeing mental health expert ruled that the participants were deemed capable of ethically and medically consenting for their participation in the research presented in this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"91"}}