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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the characteristics of headaches in individuals with Tension-Type Headache (TTH) and physical activity, autonomic function, psychological state, and quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This observational descriptive study included 93 individuals aged 18\u201365 years with TTH (mean age 25.6 years, 84.9% female), diagnosed by a neurologist in accordance with the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) criteria. Headache characteristics were recorded; physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-7), autonomic function was measured using the Polar Verity Sense device to assess heart rate variability (RMSSD, LF\/HF), psychological status was evaluated using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), and quality of life was assessed using the Headache Impact Scale. Relationships were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The vast majority of individuals were inactive (33.3%) or minimally active (57%). Moderate to weak positive correlations were found between headache frequency and severity (resting, activity, and nighttime) and depression, anxiety, and stress scores (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, headache frequency and severity were significantly associated with impaired quality of life (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). In terms of autonomic function, longer headache duration and higher resting pain intensity were negatively correlated with the RMSSD value, an indicator of lower parasympathetic activity (both rho=-0.24,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018). A weak positive relationship was observed between headache onset time and physical activity (rho\u2009=\u20090.26,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011).,\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this predominantly young adult and female cohort, TTH has been shown to be a multidimensional condition with weak to moderate associations to low physical activity, potentially decreased parasympathetic tone, psychological distress, and impaired quality of life. These findings map a cluster of biopsychosocial correlates in this demographic context and support the rationale for future research into integrating non-pharmacological, holistic approaches targeting physical activity, psychological support, and autonomic balance in the management of TTH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This crosssectional study has a design that does not require a clinical research record.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-025-04616-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T06:04:50Z","timestamp":1767765890000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigating the relationships between headache characteristics and physical activity, autonomic function, psychological status, and quality of life in individuals with tension-type headache"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4779-2442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mesut","family":"Arslan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0517-4600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sefa Haktan","family":"Hat\u0131k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"4616_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17601","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.17601","volume":"13 8","author":"A Turkistani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Turkistani A, Shah A, Jose AM, Melo JP, Luenam K, Ananias P, et al. 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