{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T12:51:45Z","timestamp":1774615905599,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-026-04723-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T06:06:34Z","timestamp":1771481194000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Turning versus straight walking under dual-task conditions: a preliminary study for identifying mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hedieh","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Maghsoudpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Noroozian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Mohammadian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"4723_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1534","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00264-X","volume":"12 9","author":"S Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen S, Cao Z, Nandi A, Counts N, Jiao L, Prettner K, et al. The global macroeconomic burden of alzheimer\u2019s disease and other dementias: estimates and projections for 152 countries or territories. Lancet Glob Health. 2024;12 9:e1534\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00264-X.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"4723_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"2024 Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement. 2024;20 5:3708\u2013821; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.13809.","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13809"},{"key":"4723_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.0643","volume":"74 7","author":"MM Montero-Odasso","year":"2017","unstructured":"Montero-Odasso MM, Sarquis-Adamson Y, Speechley M, Borrie MJ, Hachinski VC, Wells J, et al. Association of Dual-Task gait with incident dementia in mild cognitive impairment: results from the gait and brain study. JAMA Neurol. 2017;74 7:857\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.0643.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"4723_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wesson Dw Fau - Wilson DA, Wilson Da Fau - Nixon RA, Nixon RA. Should olfactory dysfunction be used as a biomarker of Alzheimer's disease? Expert Rev Neurother. 2010;10(5):633\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/ern.10.33.","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.10.33"},{"key":"4723_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000505","volume":"11 2","author":"A Yuan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yuan A, Lee CS. Retinal biomarkers for alzheimer disease: the facts and the future. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2022;11 2:140\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/APO.0000000000000505.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"4723_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbz119","volume":"75 7","author":"DA Lowe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lowe DA, MacAulay RK, Szeles DM, Milano NJ, Wagner MT. Dual-Task gait assessment in a clinical sample: implications for improved detection of mild cognitive impairment. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2020;75 7:1372\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronb\/gbz119.","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"4723_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15341","volume":"66 9","author":"M Montero-Odasso","year":"2018","unstructured":"Montero-Odasso M, Speechley M, Muir-Hunter SW, Sarquis-Adamson Y, Sposato LA, Hachinski V, et al. Motor and cognitive trajectories before dementia: results from gait and brain study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018;66 9:1676\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.15341.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"4723_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yogev-Seligmann G, Hausdorff JM, Giladi N. The role of executive function and attention in gait. In: Movement Disorders. vol. 23; 2008.","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21720"},{"key":"4723_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12734","volume":"62 4","author":"A Mirelman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mirelman A, Weiss A, Buchman AS, Bennett DA, Giladi N, Hausdorff JM. Association between performance on timed up and go subtasks and mild cognitive impairment: further insights into the links between cognitive and motor function. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62 4:673\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.12734.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"Print","key":"4723_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.769462","volume":"13","author":"F Ramirez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ramirez F, Gutierrez M. Dual-Task gait as a predictive tool for cognitive impairment in older adults: A systematic review. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021;13(Print):1663\u20134365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2021.769462.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4723_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70054","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.70054","volume":"17","author":"T Salzman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Salzman T, Laurin E, Thibault C, Farrell P, Fraser S. A systematic review and meta-analysis of dual-task outcomes in subjective cognitive decline. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2025;17(1):e70054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dad2.70054.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"key":"4723_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Smith E, Cusack T, Cunningham C, Blake C: The influence of a cognitive dual task on the gait parameters of healthy older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. In: Journal of Aging and Physical Activity. 2017;25:671\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/japa.2016-0265.","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2016-0265"},{"key":"4723_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1159\/000515939","volume":"68 2","author":"H Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou H, Park C, Shahbazi M, York MK, Kunik ME, Naik AD, et al. Digital biomarkers of cognitive frailty: the value of detailed gait assessment beyond gait speed. Gerontology. 2022;68 2:224\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000515939.","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"issue":"Electronic","key":"4723_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-14-67","volume":"14","author":"T Doi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Doi T, Shimada H, Makizako H, Tsutsumimoto K, Uemura K, Anan Y, et al. Cognitive function and gait speed under normal and dual-task walking among older adults with mild cognitive impairment. BMC Neurol. 2014;14(Electronic):1471\u20132377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2377-14-67.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"4723_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-210065","volume":"6 1","author":"V Koppelmans","year":"2022","unstructured":"Koppelmans V, Silvester B, Duff K. Neural mechanisms of motor dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer\u2019s disease: A systematic review. J Alzheimers Dis Rep. 2022;6 1:307\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/ADR-210065.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis Rep"},{"key":"4723_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"MacAulay RK, Allaire TD, Brouillette RM, Foil HC, Bruce-Keller AJ, Han H et al. Longitudinal assessment of neuropsychological and temporal\/spatial gait characteristics of elderly fallers: taking it all in stride. Front Aging Neurosci. 2015;7 FEB:34; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00034","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00034"},{"key":"4723_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tian Q, Chastan N, Bair WN, Resnick SM, Ferrucci L, Studenski SA. The brain map of gait variability in aging, cognitive impairment and dementia-A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017;74 Pt A:149\u201362; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.01.020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.01.020"},{"issue":"1","key":"4723_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0296710","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296710","volume":"19","author":"T Poosri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Poosri T, Boripuntakul S, Sungkarat S, Kamnardsiri T, Soontornpun A, Pinyopornpanish K. Gait smoothness during high-demand motor walking tasks in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(1):e0296710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0296710.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4723_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.04.003","volume":"25 2","author":"BC Glaister","year":"2007","unstructured":"Glaister BC, Bernatz GC, Klute GK, Orendurff MS. Video task analysis of turning during activities of daily living. Gait Posture. 2007;25 2:289\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.04.003.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"4723_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0198455","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198455","volume":"13 6","author":"D Conradsson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Conradsson D, Paquette C, Franzen E. Medio-lateral stability during walking turns in older adults. PLoS ONE. 2018;13 6:e0198455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0198455.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4723_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/80.12.1174","volume":"80 12","author":"MT Thigpen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Thigpen MT, Light KE, Creel GL, Flynn SM. Turning difficulty characteristics of adults aged 65 years or older. Phys Ther. 2000;80 12:1174\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ptj\/80.12.1174.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"4723_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2023.106166","volume":"112","author":"AL Miri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Miri AL, Laskovski L, Bueno MEB, Rodrigues DC, Moura FA, Smaili SM. A Biomechanical analysis of turning during gait in individuals with different subtypes of parkinson\u2019s disease. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2024;112:106166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2023.106166.","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol)"},{"key":"4723_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1159\/000314963","volume":"57 3","author":"T Herman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Herman T, Giladi N, Hausdorff JM. Properties of the \u2018timed up and go\u2019 test: more than Meets the eye. Gerontology. 2011;57 3:203\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000314963.","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"4723_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn873","volume":"3 7","author":"YE Cohen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cohen YE, Andersen RA. A common reference frame for movement plans in the posterior parietal cortex. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2002;3 7:553\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn873.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"4723_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858404263517","volume":"10 3","author":"SM Morton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Morton SM, Bastian AJ. Cerebellar control of balance and locomotion. Neuroscientist. 2004;10 3:247\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073858404263517.","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"issue":"1","key":"4723_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0b013e31824620d1","volume":"36","author":"LA King","year":"2012","unstructured":"King LA, Mancini M, Priest K, Salarian A, Rodrigues-de-Paula F, Horak F. Do clinical scales of balance reflect turning abnormalities in people with parkinson\u2019s disease? J Neurol Phys Ther. 2012;36(1):25\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NPT.0b013e31824620d1.","journal-title":"J Neurol Phys Ther"},{"key":"4723_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.23394","volume":"32 1","author":"LCS Tavares","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tavares LCS, Tort ABL. Hippocampal-prefrontal interactions during Spatial decision-making. Hippocampus. 2022;32 1:38\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hipo.23394.","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"4723_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00005.2017","volume":"117 4","author":"H Eichenbaum","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eichenbaum H. The role of the hippocampus in navigation is memory. J Neurophysiol. 2017;117 4:1785\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00005.2017.","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4723_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee HS, Shim SR, Kim JH, Ko M. Effects of curved path walking compared to straight path walking in older adults with cognitive deficits: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Physiother Res Int. 2022;27 2:e1935; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pri.1935.","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.1935"},{"issue":"Electronic","key":"4723_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.004","volume":"86","author":"HL Chiu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chiu HL, Tsai CY, Liu YL, Kang CW, Lee SC. Turning assessment for discrimination of frailty syndrome among community-dwelling older adults. Gait Posture. 2021;86(Electronic):1879\u20132219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.004.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"4723_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khobkhun F, Hollands M, Richards J. A comparison of turning kinematics at different amplitudes during standing turns between older and younger adults. Appl Sci. 2022;12(11). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app12115474.","DOI":"10.3390\/app12115474"},{"issue":"Electronic","key":"4723_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.10.051","volume":"425","author":"CW Swanson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Swanson CW, Fling BW. Associations between turning characteristics and corticospinal Inhibition in young and older adults. Neuroscience. 2020;425(Electronic):1873\u20137544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.10.051.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"4723_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2009.08.006","volume":"24 10","author":"JL Baird","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baird JL, Van Emmerik RE. Young and older adults use different strategies to perform a standing turning task. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2009;24 10:826\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2009.08.006.","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol)"},{"key":"4723_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20130298","volume":"94 8","author":"GG Tangen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tangen GG, Engedal K, Bergland A, Moger TA, Mengshoel AM. Relationships between balance and cognition in patients with subjective cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment, and alzheimer disease. Phys Ther. 2014;94 8:1123\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2522\/ptj.20130298.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"4723_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw019","volume":"71 8","author":"M Mancini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mancini M, Schlueter H, El-Gohary M, Mattek N, Duncan C, Kaye J, et al. Continuous monitoring of turning mobility and its association to falls and cognitive function: A pilot study. J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci. 2016;71 8:1102\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glw019.","journal-title":"J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"4723_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177082","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1177082","volume":"15","author":"WH Weng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weng WH, Yang YR, Yeh NC, Ku PH, Wang PS, Liao YY, et al. Gait performance and prefrontal cortex activation during single and dual task walking in older adults with different cognitive levels. Front Aging Neurosci. 2023;15:1177082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1177082.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"4723_CR37","unstructured":"Wang J, Zhou Z, Cheng S, Zhou L, Sun X, Song Z et al. Dual-task turn velocity - a novel digital biomarker for mild cognitive impairment and dementia. 1663\u20134365 (Print)."},{"key":"4723_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ghoraani B, Boettcher LN, Hssayeni MD, Rosenfeld A, Tolea MI, Galvin JE. Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease using Dual-task Gait Assessments and Machine Learning. Biomed Signal Process Control. 2021;64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bspc.2020.102249.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2020.102249"},{"key":"4723_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seifallahi M, Galvin JE, Ghoraani B. Detection of mild cognitive impairment using various types of gait tests and machine learning. Front Neurol. 2024;15:1354092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1354092.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1354092"},{"key":"4723_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s25196083","author":"G Moon","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moon G, Cho J, Choi H, Kim Y, Kim G-D, Jang S-H. AI-Based severity classification of dementia using gait analysis. Sensors. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s25196083.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"4723_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2019.110816","volume":"131","author":"F de Oliveira Silva","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Oliveira Silva F, Ferreira JV, Placido J, Chagas D, Praxedes J, Guimaraes C, et al. Gait analysis with videogrammetry can differentiate healthy elderly, mild cognitive impairment, and alzheimer\u2019s disease: A cross-sectional study. Exp Gerontol. 2020;131:110816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2019.110816.","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"4723_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McKhann G Fau - Drachman D, Drachman D Fau - Folstein M, Folstein M Fau - Katzman R, Katzman R Fau - Price D, Price D Fau - Stadlan EM, Stadlan EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology. 1984;34(7):939\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939"},{"key":"4723_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","volume":"53 4","author":"ZS Nasreddine","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bedirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, et al. The Montreal cognitive Assessment, moca: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53 4:695\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"4723_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2018.09.009","volume":"26 12","author":"EA Pugh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pugh EA, Kemp EC, van Dyck CH, Mecca AP, Sharp ES. Alzheimer\u2019s disease neuroimaging I. Effects of normative adjustments to the Montreal cognitive assessment. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2018;26 12:1258\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jagp.2018.09.009.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 1 3","key":"4723_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1017\/s1041610292001157","volume":"4","author":"SG Sclan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sclan SG, Reisberg B. Functional assessment staging (FAST) in alzheimer\u2019s disease: reliability, validity, and ordinality. Int Psychogeriatr. 1992;4(Suppl 1 3):55\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1041610292001157.","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"4723_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-021-01686-2","volume":"122 4","author":"M Noroozian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Noroozian M, Reisberg B, Farhadi A, Sharifi F, Sadeghi Zangeneh A, Mohammadi M. Translation and psychometric evaluation of a Persian version of the functional assessment staging scale (I-FAST) in older patients with mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer\u2019s disease in Iran. Acta Neurol Belg. 2022;122 4:987\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13760-021-01686-2.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"4723_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533573","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1533573","volume":"17","author":"H Mohammadi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mohammadi H, Maghsoudpour A, Noroozian M, Mohammadian F. Talking during walking: the diagnostic potential of turn dynamics in alzheimer\u2019s disease, mild cognitive impairment and cognitive aging. Front Aging Neurosci. 2025;17:1533573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1533573.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"Electronic","key":"4723_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-6-35","volume":"6","author":"M Montero-Odasso","year":"2009","unstructured":"Montero-Odasso M, Casas A, Hansen KT, Bilski P, Gutmanis I, Wells JL, et al. Quantitative gait analysis under dual-task in older people with mild cognitive impairment: a reliability study. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2009;6(Electronic):1743\u20130003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1743-0003-6-35.","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"4723_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3390\/s21082827","volume":"21","author":"F Khobkhun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khobkhun F, Hollands M, Richards J. The effect of different turn speeds on Whole-Body coordination in younger and older healthy adults. Sens (Basel). 2021;21:8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21082827.","journal-title":"Sens (Basel)"},{"key":"4723_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lebel K, Nguyen H, Duval C, Plamondon R, Boissy P. Capturing the Cranio-Caudal signature of a turn with inertial measurement systems: methods, parameters robustness and reliability. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2017;5:51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2017.00051.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2017.00051"},{"key":"4723_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.05.013","volume":"25 3","author":"JR Fuller","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fuller JR, Adkin AL, Vallis LA. Strategies used by older adults to change travel direction. Gait Posture. 2007;25 3:393\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.05.013.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"4723_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1080\/0361073X.2024.2439743","volume":"51 5","author":"T Nakamura","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nakamura T, Suda Y, Higuchi T. Reactive turning behavior in older adults: Age-Related decrease is evident under increased task demand. Exp Aging Res. 2025;51 5:569\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0361073X.2024.2439743.","journal-title":"Exp Aging Res"},{"key":"4723_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.5770\/cgj.21.298","volume":"21 2","author":"S Cullen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cullen S, Montero-Odasso M, Bherer L, Almeida Q, Fraser S, Muir-Hunter S, et al. Guidelines for gait assessments in the Canadian consortium on neurodegeneration in aging (CCNA). Can Geriatr J. 2018;21 2:157\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5770\/cgj.21.298.","journal-title":"Can Geriatr J"},{"key":"4723_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Park MA-O, Chung SA-O, Beom JA-O, Kim KA-O, Kim JA-O, Park CA-O, et al. Minimum required distance for clinically significant measurement of habitual gait speed. BMC Geriatr. 2025;25(1):497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-025-06064-8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-025-06064-8"},{"key":"4723_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samad MD, Witherow MA. A Machine Learning Pipeline to Optimally Utilize Limited Samples in Predictive Modeling. In: 2018 9th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT). 2018: 1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCNT.2018.8494100"},{"key":"4723_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-021-00312-3","volume":"3 5","author":"D Roman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roman D, Saxena S, Robu V, Pecht M, Flynn D. Machine learning pipeline for battery state-of-health Estimation. Nat Mach Intell. 2021;3 5:447\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42256-021-00312-3.","journal-title":"Nat Mach Intell"},{"key":"4723_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bovonsunthonchai S, Vachalathiti R, Hiengkaew V, Bryant MS, Richards J, Senanarong V. Quantitative gait analysis in mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and cognitively intact individuals: a cross-sectional case-control study. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22(1:767). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-022-03405-9.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03405-9"},{"key":"4723_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-120025","volume":"30 4","author":"AJ Bruce-Keller","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bruce-Keller AJ, Brouillette RM, Tudor-Locke C, Foil HC, Gahan WP, Nye DM, et al. Relationship between cognitive domains, physical performance, and gait in elderly and demented subjects. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;30 4:899\u2013908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-2012-120025.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"4723_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20140233","volume":"73 3","author":"C Gomes Gde","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gomes Gde C, Teixeira-Salmela LF, Fonseca BE, Freitas FA, Fonseca ML, Pacheco BD, et al. Age and education influence the performance of elderly women on the dual-task timed up and go test. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2015;73 3:187\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0004-282X20140233.","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"4723_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00419","volume":"10","author":"O Jayakody","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jayakody O, Breslin M, Srikanth V, Callisaya M, Medical. Sensorimotor and cognitive factors associated with gait variability: A longitudinal Population-Based study. Front Aging Neurosci. 2018;10:419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00419.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"4723_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12298","volume":"17 8","author":"F Pieruccini-Faria","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pieruccini-Faria F, Black SE, Masellis M, Smith EE, Almeida QJ, Li KZH, et al. Gait variability across neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders: results from the Canadian consortium of neurodegeneration in aging (CCNA) and the gait and brain study. Alzheimers Dement. 2021;17 8:1317\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.12298.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"4723_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-55020-2_5","volume-title":"Environmental data analysis","author":"C Dormann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dormann C. Correlation and association. In: Dormann C, editor. Environmental data analysis. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2020. pp. 65\u201370."},{"key":"4723_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2010.00740.x","volume":"72 4","author":"N Meinshausen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Meinshausen N, B\u00fchlmann P. Stability Selection. Journal of the Royal statistical society series. Stat Methodol. 2010;72 4:417\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2010.00740.x.","journal-title":"Stat Methodol"},{"key":"4723_CR64","first-page":"97","volume":"34 1","author":"DN McCloskey","year":"1996","unstructured":"McCloskey DN, Ziliak ST. The standard error of regressions. J Econ Lit. 1996;34 1:97\u2013114.","journal-title":"J Econ Lit"},{"key":"4723_CR65","first-page":"490","volume-title":"Size from a series of independent experiments","author":"Estimation of effect","year":"1982","unstructured":"Estimation of effect. Size from a series of independent experiments. Volume 92. US: American Psychological Association; 1982. pp. 490\u20139."},{"issue":"1","key":"4723_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(1950)3","volume":"3","author":"WJ Youden","year":"1950","unstructured":"Youden WJ. Index for rating diagnostic tests. Cancer. 1950;3(1):32\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-0142(1950)3.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"4723_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0686-2","volume":"17 3","author":"P Virtanen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Virtanen P, Gommers R, Oliphant TE, Haberland M, Reddy T, Cournapeau D, et al. SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in python. Nat Methods. 2020;17 3:261\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41592-019-0686-2.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"4723_CR68","first-page":"2825","volume":"12","author":"F Pedregosa Fabianpedregosa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pedregosa Fabianpedregosa F, Michel V, Grisel Oliviergrisel O, Blondel M, Prettenhofer P, Weiss R, et al. Scikit-learn: machine learning in python Ga\u00ebl Varoquaux Bertrand thirion Vincent Dubourg Alexandre Passos PEDREGOSA, VAROQUAUX, GRAMFORT ET AL. Matthieu Perrot. J Mach Learn Res. 2011;12:2825\u201330.","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"4723_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617717000261","volume":"23 6","author":"RK MacAulay","year":"2017","unstructured":"MacAulay RK, Wagner MT, Szeles D, Milano NJ. Improving sensitivity to detect mild cognitive impairment: cognitive load Dual-Task gait speed assessment. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2017;23 6:493\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1355617717000261.","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"4723_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2020.1802576","volume":"25 9","author":"A Bishnoi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bishnoi A, Hernandez ME. Dual task walking costs in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health. 2021;25 9:1618\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13607863.2020.1802576.","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"4723_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2012.661398","volume":"19 5","author":"FG Coelho","year":"2012","unstructured":"Coelho FG, Stella F, de Andrade LP, Barbieri FA, Santos-Galduroz RF, Gobbi S, et al. Gait and risk of falls associated with frontal cognitive functions at different stages of alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2012;19 5:644\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13825585.2012.661398.","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn"},{"key":"4723_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cosentino E, Palmer K, Della Piet\u00e0 C, Mitolo M, Meneghello F, Levedianos G, et al. Association between gait, cognition, and gray matter volumes in mild cognitive impairment and healthy controls. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2020;34(3):231\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000371.","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000371"},{"key":"4723_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.08.014","volume":"35 1","author":"SW Muir","year":"2012","unstructured":"Muir SW, Speechley M, Wells J, Borrie M, Gopaul K, Montero-Odasso M. Gait assessment in mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer\u2019s disease: the effect of dual-task challenges across the cognitive spectrum. Gait Posture. 2012;35 1:96\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.08.014.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"4723_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3054","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13716","volume":"20 4","author":"G Cepukaityte","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cepukaityte G, Newton C, Chan D. Early detection of diseases causing dementia using digital navigation and gait measures: A systematic review of evidence. Alzheimers Dement. 2024;20 4:3054\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.13716.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"4723_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz160","volume":"75 6","author":"AS Buchman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Buchman AS, Dawe RJ, Leurgans SE, Curran TA, Truty T, Yu L, et al. Different combinations of mobility metrics derived from a wearable sensor are associated with distinct health outcomes in older adults. J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020;75 6:1176\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glz160.","journal-title":"J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"4723_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.12.007","volume":"93 5","author":"KA Lowry","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lowry KA, Brach JS, Nebes RD, Studenski SA, VanSwearingen JM. Contributions of cognitive function to straight- and curved-path walking in older adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;93 5:802\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.12.007.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"4723_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.07.010","volume":"26 1","author":"GJ Chapman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chapman GJ, Hollands MA. Evidence that older adult fallers prioritise the planning of future stepping actions over the accurate execution of ongoing steps during complex locomotor tasks. Gait Posture. 2007;26 1:59\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.07.010.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"4723_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2008.09.015","volume":"91 2","author":"JL Calton","year":"2009","unstructured":"Calton JL, Taube JS. Where am I and how will I get there from here? A role for posterior parietal cortex in the integration of Spatial information and route planning. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2009;91 2:186\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nlm.2008.09.015.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"4723_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2733","volume":"10 11","author":"SD Vann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vann SD, Aggleton JP, Maguire EA. What does the retrosplenial cortex do? Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009;10 11:792\u2013802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2733.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"Electronic","key":"4723_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.03.052","volume":"307","author":"I Mokrisova","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mokrisova I, Laczo J, Andel R, Gazova I, Vyhnalek M, Nedelska Z, et al. Real-space path integration is impaired in alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment. Behav Brain Res. 2016;307(Electronic):1872\u20137549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.03.052.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"4723_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0031-x","volume":"14 8","author":"G Coughlan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Coughlan G, Laczo J, Hort J, Minihane AM, Hornberger M. Spatial navigation deficits - overlooked cognitive marker for preclinical alzheimer disease? Nat Rev Neurol. 2018;14 8:496\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-018-0031-x.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"4723_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-201017","volume":"79 1","author":"C Tuena","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tuena C, Mancuso V, Stramba-Badiale C, Pedroli E, Stramba-Badiale M, Riva G, et al. Egocentric and allocentric Spatial memory in mild cognitive impairment with Real-World and virtual navigation tasks: A systematic review. J Alzheimers Dis. 2021;79 1:95\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-201017.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"4723_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12031","volume":"16 3","author":"TF Levine","year":"2020","unstructured":"Levine TF, Allison SL, Stojanovic M, Fagan AM, Morris JC, Head D. Spatial navigation ability predicts progression of dementia symptomatology. Alzheimers Dement. 2020;16 3:491\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.12031.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"4723_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e861","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008758","volume":"94 8","author":"F Schoberl","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schoberl F, Pradhan C, Irving S, Buerger K, Xiong G, Kugler G, et al. Real-space navigation testing differentiates between amyloid-positive and -negative aMCI. Neurology. 2020;94 8:e861\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008758.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4723_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968321999053","volume":"35 4","author":"H Johansson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Johansson H, Ekman U, Rennie L, Peterson DS, Leavy B, Franzen E. Dual-Task effects during a Motor-Cognitive task in parkinson\u2019s disease: patterns of prioritization and the influence of cognitive status. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2021;35 4:356\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1545968321999053.","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"issue":"Print","key":"4723_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00423","volume":"9","author":"RA Crockett","year":"2017","unstructured":"Crockett RA, Hsu CL, Best JR, Liu-Ambrose T. Resting state default mode network Connectivity, dual task Performance, gait Speed, and postural sway in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Front Aging Neurosci. 2017;9(Print):1663\u20134365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00423.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"4723_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Springer S, Seligmann GY. Validity of the kinect for gait assessment: A focused review. In: Sensors (Switzerland). vol. 16; 2016.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16020194"},{"key":"4723_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pfister A, West Am Fau - Bronner S, Bronner S Fau - Noah JA, Noah JA. Comparative abilities of microsoft kinect and vicon 3D motion capture for gait analysis. J Med Eng Technol. 2014;38(5):274\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/03091902.2014.909540.","DOI":"10.3109\/03091902.2014.909540"},{"issue":"1","key":"4723_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000441","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2018-000441","volume":"4","author":"A Kotsifaki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kotsifaki A, Whiteley R, Hansen C. Dual kinect v2 system can capture lower limb kinematics reasonably well in a clinical setting: concurrent validity of a dual camera markerless motion capture system in professional football players. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2018;4(1):e000441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2018-000441.","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"key":"4723_CR90","unstructured":"Schlagenhauf FPSP, Singhose W. A comparison of Dual-Kinect and vicon tracking of human motion for use in robotic motion programming. Robotics & Automation Engineering Journal; 2017."},{"key":"4723_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2017.06.006","volume":"38","author":"A Napoli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Napoli A, Glass S, Ward C, Tucker C, Obeid I. Performance analysis of a generalized motion capture system using Microsoft kinect 2.0. Biomed Signal Process Control. 2017;38:265\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bspc.2017.06.006.","journal-title":"Biomed Signal Process Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"4723_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968314529475","volume":"29","author":"S Vernon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vernon S, Paterson K, Bower K, McGinley J, Miller K, Pua YH, et al. Quantifying individual components of the timed up and go using the kinect in people living with stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015;29(1):48\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1545968314529475.","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04723-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04723-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04723-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T11:57:55Z","timestamp":1774612675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04723-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4723"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04723-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch (Approval ID: IR.IAU.SRB.REC.1401.300).Written informed consent was obtained from participants with aMCI and NT prior to the test. For participants with AD, written informed consent was obtained from their legal guardians or legally authorized representatives.All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"197"}}