{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T19:51:56Z","timestamp":1781639516883,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007452","name":"Wu Jieping Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320.6750.18456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320.6750.18456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007452","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007452","name":"Wu Jieping Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320.6750.18456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320.6750.18456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007452","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007452","name":"Wu Jieping Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320.6750.18456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320.6750.18456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007452","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007452","name":"Wu Jieping Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320.6750.18456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320.6750.18456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007452","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007452","name":"Wu Jieping Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320.6750.18456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320.6750.18456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007452","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007452","name":"Wu Jieping Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320.6750.18456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320.6750.18456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007452","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007452","name":"Wu Jieping Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320.6750.18456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320.6750.18456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007452","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007452","name":"Wu Jieping Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320.6750.18456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320.6750.18456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007452","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the factors affecting prognosis of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), to establish a nomogram predictive model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 236 patients with sporadic ALS hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, from March 2011 to November 2021 were enrolled in the study. Basic information and clinical and laboratory data of patients were collected, including sex, age at onset, body mass index, disease duration, diagnostic grade, and serum levels of creatine kinase (CK), creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), and ferritin. Kaplan-Meier univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze the prognostic factors, and a nomogram predictive model was established.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Univariate analysis showed that ferritin, CK, Cr, age at onset, disease duration, and body mass index (BMI) were all correlated with prognosis of ALS. Multivariate analysis showed that ferritin, Cr, disease duration, age at onset, and BMI were the strongest predictors. ROC curve and correction curve analyses verified the accuracy of the nomogram prediction model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ferritin, Cr, disease duration, age at onset, and BMI are independent predictors of survival in patients with ALS. Based on these clinical and biological prognostic factors, we established a quantitative model for predicting survival probability, and may assist in the prognostic evaluation of ALS, pending further validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-026-04741-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T08:37:19Z","timestamp":1772095039000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nomogram prediction model for prognosis of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Qionghua","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongfen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guochao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuguo","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tie","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jichao","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenxi","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xusheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4741_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1159\/000086353","volume":"25","author":"A Millul","year":"2005","unstructured":"Millul A, Beghi E, Logroscino G, Micheli A, Vitelli E, Zardi A. Survival of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a population-based registry. Neuroepidemiology. 2005;25(3):114\u20139.","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"4741_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000048208.54755.78","volume":"60","author":"J Mandrioli","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mandrioli J, Faglioni P, Merelli E, Sola P. The epidemiology of ALS in Modena, Italy. Neurology. 2003;60(4):683\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4741_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000148648.38313.64","volume":"64","author":"P Kaufmann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kaufmann P, Levy G, Thompson JL, et al. The ALSFRSr predicts survival time in an ALS clinic population. Neurology. 2005;64(1):38\u201343.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4741_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12421","volume":"22","author":"R Tortelli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tortelli R, Copetti M, Ruggieri M, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain levels: marker of progression to generalized amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Neurol. 2015;22(1):215\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"4741_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2018.1555599","volume":"20","author":"Q Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun Q, Yang F, Wang H, et al. Elevated serum ferritin level as a predictor of reduced survival in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in china: a retrospective study. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2019;20(3\u20134):186\u201391.","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"4741_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3109\/21678421.2014.984723","volume":"16","author":"XW Su","year":"2015","unstructured":"Su XW, Clardy SL, Stephens HE, Simmons Z, Connor JR. Serum ferritin is elevated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2015;16(1\u20132):102\u20137.","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener"},{"issue":"12","key":"4741_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.51.7465","volume":"51","author":"K Ikeda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ikeda K, Hirayama T, Takazawa T, Kawabe K, Iwasaki Y. Relationships between disease progression and serum levels of lipid, urate, creatinine and ferritin in Japanese patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a cross-sectional study. Intern Med. 2012;51(12):1501\u20138.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4741_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12708","volume":"136","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Gao L, Wang D, Zang D. Elevated levels of ferritin in the cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Acta Neurol Scand. 2017;136(2):145\u201350.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"4741_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.17712\/nsj.2016.2.20150482","volume":"21","author":"X Hu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hu X, Yang Y, Su J, Yao C. Meta-analysis of the relationship between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and susceptibility to serum ferritin level elevation. Neurosciences (Riyadh). 2016;21(2):120\u20135.","journal-title":"Neurosciences (Riyadh)"},{"issue":"3","key":"4741_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-12079-1","volume":"271","author":"D He","year":"2024","unstructured":"He D, Liu Y, Dong S, et al. The prognostic value of systematic genetic screening in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. J Neurol. 2024;271(3):1385\u201396.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"4741_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.107776","volume":"168","author":"F Jia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jia F, Zhang B, Yu W, et al. Exploring the cuproptosis-related molecular clusters in the peripheral blood of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Comput Biol Med. 2024;168:107776.","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"4741_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831273","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.831273","volume":"10","author":"C Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li C, Zhu Y, Chen W, et al. Circulating NAD+ Metabolism-Derived genes unveils prognostic and peripheral immune infiltration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022;10:831273.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4741_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/146608200300079536","volume":"1","author":"BR Brooks","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brooks BR, Miller RG, Swash M, Munsat TL, World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases. El Escorial revisited: revised criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord. 2000;1(5):293\u20139.","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"4741_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006078521790","volume":"40","author":"Y Sato","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sato Y, Honda Y, Asoh T, Oizumi K, Ohshima Y, Honda E. Cerebrospinal fluid ferritin in glioblastoma: evidence for tumor synthesis. J Neurooncol. 1998;40(1):47\u201350.","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"4741_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.01031","volume":"12","author":"C Petillon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Petillon C, Hergesheimer R, Puy H, et al. The relevancy of data regarding the metabolism of iron to our Understanding of deregulated mechanisms in ALS; hypotheses and pitfalls. Front Neurosci. 2018;12:1031.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4741_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00231112","volume":"72","author":"K Kubota","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kubota K, Tamura J, Kurabayashi H, Shirakura T, Kobayashi I. Evaluation of increased serum ferritin levels in patients with hyperthyroidism. Clin Investig. 1993;72(1):26\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Investig"},{"issue":"8","key":"4741_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2010.03.011","volume":"1800","author":"W Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang W, Knovich MA, Coffman LG, Torti FM, Torti SV. Serum ferritin: Past, present and future. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010;1800(8):760\u20139.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"2","key":"4741_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pjnns.2013.09.004","volume":"48","author":"MA Kolodziej","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kolodziej MA, Proemmel P, Quint K, Strik HM. Cerebrospinal fluid ferritin\u2013unspecific and unsuitable for disease monitoring. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2014;48(2):116\u201321.","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4741_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.1129","volume":"71","author":"A Chi\u00f2","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chi\u00f2 A, Calvo A, Bovio G, et al. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis outcome measures and the role of albumin and creatinine: a population-based study. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(9):1134\u201342.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4741_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-310471","volume":"86","author":"L Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen L, Zhang B, Chen R, et al. Natural history and clinical features of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in China. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2015;86(10):1075\u201381.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"4741_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7731-6","volume":"262","author":"M Elamin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Elamin M, Bede P, Montuschi A, Pender N, Chio A, Hardiman O. Predicting prognosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a simple algorithm. J Neurol. 2015;262(6):1447\u201354.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4741_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20120119","volume":"23","author":"CT Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee CT, Chiu YW, Wang KC, et al. Riluzole and prognostic factors in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis long-term and short-term survival: a population-based study of 1149 cases in Taiwan. J Epidemiol. 2013;23(1):35\u201340.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"4741_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2017.1353098","volume":"18","author":"B Hamidou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hamidou B, Marin B, Lautrette G, et al. Exploring the diagnosis delay and ALS functional impairment at diagnosis as relevant criteria for clinical trial enrolment. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2017;18(7\u20138):519\u201327.","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener"},{"issue":"6","key":"4741_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12995","volume":"23","author":"MK Rafiq","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rafiq MK, Lee E, Bradburn M, McDermott CJ, Shaw PJ. Creatine kinase enzyme level correlates positively with serum creatinine and lean body mass, and is a prognostic factor for survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Neurol. 2016;23(6):1071\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"4741_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.02.035","volume":"340","author":"ST Ngo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ngo ST, Steyn FJ, McCombe PA. Body mass index and dietary intervention: implications for prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci. 2014;340(1\u20132):5\u201312.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04741-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04741-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04741-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T18:54:51Z","timestamp":1781636091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04741-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4741"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04741-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital (No.: S2022-119). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"212"}}