{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T04:36:33Z","timestamp":1777955793277,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":41,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81801256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81801256"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018543","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tibet Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XZ202501ZR0086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XZ202501ZR0086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Tangdu Hospital Youth Talent supporting Plan","award":["2023ATDQN004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ATDQN004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-026-04771-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T22:46:02Z","timestamp":1774478762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in the setting of severe systemic lupus erythematosus activity with a rapidly fatal outcome: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yun","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue-lian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"4771_CR1","unstructured":"Zelaya JE, Al-Khoury L. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island ( FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2024. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32119379\/."},{"issue":"9","key":"4771_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00232-7","volume":"24","author":"JE Fugate","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fugate JE, Hawkes MA, Rabinstein AA. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: evolving insights in diagnosis, management, and outcomes. Lancet Neurol. 2025;24(9):789\u2013800.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"4771_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836033","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.836033","volume":"13","author":"H Shash","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shash H, Aldaama S, Omer H, Alafghani S. Different Clinicoradiological Characteristics of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Pediatric Oncology and Post-Bone Marrow Transplantation Cases: A Retrospective Study. Front Neurol. 2022;13:836033.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"4771_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831218","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.831218","volume":"13","author":"JD Weinstein","year":"2022","unstructured":"Weinstein JD, Hamam O, Urrutia VC, Lu H, Luna LP, Tekes-Brady A, Bahouth M, Yedavalli V. Added Value of Arterial Spin Labeling in Detecting Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome as a Stroke Mimic on Baseline Neuroimaging: A Single Center Experience. Front Neurol. 2022;13:831218.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4771_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-1589","volume":"162","author":"RM Kaufman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaufman RM, Djulbegovic B, Gernsheimer T, Kleinman S, Tinmouth AT, Capocelli KE, Cipolle MD, Cohn CS, Fung MK, Grossman BJ, et al. Platelet transfusion: a clinical practice guideline from the AABB. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(3):205\u201313.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"4771_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510340067036","volume":"271","author":"Practice parameter for the use of fresh-frozen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Practice parameter for the use of fresh-frozen. plasma, cryoprecipitate, and platelets. Fresh-Frozen Plasma, Cryoprecipitate, and Platelets Administration Practice Guidelines Development Task Force of the College of American Pathologists. JAMA. 1994;271(10):777\u201381.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"4771_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2017.12.005","volume":"34","author":"SL Rygard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rygard SL, Holst LB, Perner A. Blood Product Administration in the Critical Care and Perioperative Settings. Crit Care Clin. 2018;34(2):299\u2013311.","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"issue":"8","key":"4771_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602223340803","volume":"334","author":"J Hinchey","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hinchey J, Chaves C, Appignani B, Breen J, Pao L, Wang A, Pessin MS, Lamy C, Mas JL, Caplan LR. A reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(8):494\u2013500.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4771_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759386","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.759386","volume":"12","author":"D Funken","year":"2021","unstructured":"Funken D, Gotz F, Bultmann E, Hennies I, Gburek-Augustat J, Hempel J, Dressler F, Baumann U, Klemann C. Focal Seizures and Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome as Presenting Signs of IgA Vasculitis\/Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura-An Educative Case and Systematic Review of the Literature. Front Neurol. 2021;12:759386.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4771_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.6002\/ect.2021.0268","volume":"20","author":"H Jeelani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jeelani H, Sharma A, Halawa AM. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Organ Transplantation. Exp Clin Transpl. 2022;20(7):642\u20138.","journal-title":"Exp Clin Transpl"},{"issue":"5","key":"4771_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.24953\/turkjped.2022.323","volume":"64","author":"E Gumeler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gumeler E, Katlan B, Parlak S, Kesici S, Bayrakci B, Oguz KK. Imaging spectrum of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation related neurologic events in children. Turk J Pediatr. 2022;64(5):882\u201391.","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4771_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-014-2802-0","volume":"34","author":"SS Shaharir","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shaharir SS, Mustafar R, Mohd R, Mohd Said MS, Gafor HA. Persistent hypertension in lupus nephritis and the associated risk factors. Clin Rheumatol. 2015;34(1):93\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4771_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-021-01614-4","volume":"122","author":"FC de Medeiros","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Medeiros FC, Rocha Sousa BM, Cruz Santos DN, Novais Matias Sion G, Fontes Alves C. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome as the first clinical manifestation of lupus nephritis. Acta Neurol Belg. 2022;122(1):219\u201321.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"issue":"12","key":"4771_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcad198","volume":"116","author":"WJ Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang WJ, Chen WH, Zhao XQ, Wu XX. Lupus nephritis with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome as the first manifestation. QJM. 2023;116(12):1018\u20139.","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"8","key":"4771_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203319856416","volume":"28","author":"HW Cui","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cui HW, Lei RY, Zhang SG, Han LS, Zhang BA. Clinical features, outcomes and risk factors for posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study. Lupus. 2019;28(8):961\u20139.","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"11","key":"4771_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22047","volume":"65","author":"CC Lai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lai CC, Chen WS, Chang YS, Wang SH, Huang CJ, Guo WY, Yang WC, Huang DF. Clinical features and outcomes of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013;65(11):1766\u201374.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"3","key":"4771_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rhu.0000164825.63063.43","volume":"11","author":"KC Shin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shin KC, Choi HJ, Bae YD, Lee JC, Lee EB, Song YW. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus with thrombocytopenia treated with cyclosporine. J Clin Rheumatol. 2005;11(3):164\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4771_CR18","first-page":"149","volume":"16","author":"J Akhondian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akhondian J, Ashrafzadeh F, Seilanian Toosi F, Behnam M, Beiraghi Toosi M, Imannezhad S, Akhoundian MR, Hashemi N. A case report of Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with spinal cord involvement (PRES-SCI) as an atypical presentation of PRES in children: A case report and review of the literature. Iran J Child Neurol. 2022;16(2):149\u201354.","journal-title":"Iran J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4771_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.218","volume":"3","author":"LH Nielsen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nielsen LH, Gron BS, Ovesen PG. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome postpartum. Clin Case Rep. 2015;3(4):266\u201370.","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"4771_CR20","first-page":"1038","volume":"23","author":"DJ Covarrubias","year":"2002","unstructured":"Covarrubias DJ, Luetmer PH, Campeau NG. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: prognostic utility of quantitative diffusion-weighted MR images. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2002;23(6):1038\u201348.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4771_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00111-8","volume":"14","author":"JE Fugate","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fugate JE, Rabinstein AA. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: clinical and radiological manifestations, pathophysiology, and outstanding questions. Lancet Neurol. 2015;14(9):914\u201325.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4771_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-020-00932-1","volume":"25","author":"AN Gewirtz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gewirtz AN, Gao V, Parauda SC, Robbins MS. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2021;25(3):19.","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04771-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04771-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04771-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:38:35Z","timestamp":1777937915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04771-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4771"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04771-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study obtained the approval by the Ethics Committee of our Hospital (TDLL-202206-03) and written informed consent to participate was obtained from her legal guardians.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient\u2019s next of kin for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"297"}}