{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T08:09:35Z","timestamp":1779350975471,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) commonly causes subtle, but functionally disabling, cognitive impairment. Although prior studies have emphasized the mechanisms of diffuse brain injury, the relationship between aneurysm location and domain-specific cognitive deficits remains unclear. Processing speed is a pivotal factor influencing post-SAH functional outcomes; however, it remains poorly understood, although it is known to depend on the integrity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), located adjacent to the anterior communicating artery (Acom). This study investigated whether co-ruptured SAH selectively impairs processing speed using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-nine patients with SAH (August 2016 to August 2025) underwent neuropsychological evaluation using the WAIS-III\/IV, including five indices: the Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ), Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI), Working Memory Index (WMI), and Processing Speed Index (PSI). The Hasegawa Dementia Scale\u2013Revised (HDS-R) was used as the screening measure. Multivariate linear regression was applied to examine predictors of PSI. Group comparisons between Acom and non-Acom SAH were conducted using Welch\u2019s t-tests. Within-group differences were evaluated using the Friedman and Wilcoxon post-hoc tests. Interhemispheric hematoma thickness in the frontal horn-callosal rostrum (FH\u2013CR) and Callosal Genu (CG) planes were quantified on admission CT and correlated with the PSI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PSI was markedly lower (82.9\u2009\u00b1\u200912.6; mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD) than other WAIS indices (FSIQ, VCI, PRI, and WMI). Regression analysis identified Acom aneurysm location as the only independent predictor of lower PSI (\u03b2 = \u221215.68,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.044). The Acom group demonstrated significantly reduced PSI compared with the non-Acom group (72.9\u2009\u00b1\u20099.95 vs. 88.11\u2009\u00b1\u200910.56,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.00109; Welch\u2019s t-test), with no differences in other indices. Hematoma thickness at both FH\u2013CR and CG planes was significantly greater in the Acom group and correlated negatively with PSI (\u03c1 = \u22120.626 and \u2212\u20090.593, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acom-ruptured SAH is associated with a selective impairment in processing speed, likely reflecting the region-specific vulnerability of the anterior cingulate structures. WAIS assessment enables the sensitive detection of these deficits and may guide early targeted rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-026-04902-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T05:24:15Z","timestamp":1776230655000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Processing speed impairment after anterior communicating artery aneurysm rupture assessed using the wechsler adult intelligence scale: an observational study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Takuya","family":"Okui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natsuko","family":"Otani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takamitsu","family":"Iwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Beppu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Horii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryuichiro","family":"Kajikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Tsuzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"4902_CR1","unstructured":"Collaborators G, Rautalin GSHRF, Volovici I, Stark V, Johnson BA, Kaprio CO. 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The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee of Sakai City Medical Center (21\u2013232). Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.No experiments involving humans or human tissue samples were conducted during the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for the publication of potentially identifiable data was obtained from all participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"342"}}