{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T23:56:38Z","timestamp":1781135798803,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":45,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-026-04925-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T10:57:02Z","timestamp":1777287422000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidemiology of unspecified degenerative nervous system disorders: mortality trends via CDC WONDER (1999\u20132025)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0504-9142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Palwasha","family":"Asghar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6453-4515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Jawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3956-4477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kinza","family":"Irshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9041-9880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wajeeha Iftikhar","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3113-7097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Razeena","family":"Zahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9202-2285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Talha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5613-9650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9434-1650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raghabendra Kumar","family":"Mahato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4925_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.4152","volume":"78","author":"VL Feigin","year":"2021","unstructured":"GBD 2017 US Neurological Disorders Collaborators, Feigin VL, Vos T, Alahdab F, Amit AM, B\u00e4rnighausen TW, Beghi E, Beheshti M, Chavan PP, Criqui MH, Desai R. Burden of neurological disorders across the US from 1990\u20132017: a global burden of disease study. JAMA Neurol. 2021;78(2):165\u201376.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4925_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00038-3","volume":"23","author":"JD Steinmetz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Steinmetz JD, Seeher KM, Schiess N, Nichols E, Cao B, Servili C, Cavallera V, Cousin E, Hagins H, Moberg ME, Mehlman ML. Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Neurol. 2024;23(4):344\u201381.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4925_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12070885","volume":"12","author":"AK Szewczyk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Szewczyk AK, Papu\u0107 E, Mitosek-Szewczyk K, Wo\u015b M, Rejdak K. NMOSD\u2014Diagnostic dilemmas leading towards final diagnosis. Brain Sci. 2022;12(7):885.","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"4925_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1878","volume":"77","author":"SN Neifert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Neifert SN, McNeill IT, Rothrock RJ, Caridi JM, Mocco J, Oermann EK. Changing causes of US neurological disease mortality from 1999 to 2017. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(9):1175\u20137.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"4925_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amiri S, Keffeler JI, Crain DR, Denney JT, Buchwald D. Racithnic, and rural disparities in distance to physicians among decedents with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias in Washington State. Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia. 2024;20(5):3671-8.","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13756"},{"key":"4925_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ijaz S, Chaudhary MA, Qureshi AA, Jamil A, Fatima A, Rehman OU, Khan II, Sohaib M. Trends in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Cerebrovascular Mortality Among US Adults\u2009\u2265\u200945: Insights from the CDC WONDER Database (P2-3.016). In Neurology. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2025;104(7_Supplement_1):3693)","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000211175"},{"issue":"11","key":"4925_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.01.032","volume":"77","author":"R Aggarwal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aggarwal R, Chiu N, Loccoh EC, Kazi DS, Yeh RW, Wadhera RK. Rural-Urban Disparities. JACC. 2021;77(11):1480\u20131.","journal-title":"JACC"},{"issue":"10","key":"4925_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70004","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.70004","volume":"39","author":"MM Shoaib","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shoaib MM, Hayat MS, Nadeem ZA, Sohail S, Mirza AT, Shahid F. Evaluating the Regional and Demographic Variations in Dementia-Related Mortality Trends in the United States: 1999 to 2020. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2024;39(10):e70004.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"4925_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3390\/neurosci6010006","volume":"6","author":"H Weresh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Weresh H, Hermann K, Al-Salahat A, Noor A, Billion T, Chen YT, Tauseef A, Abdul Jabbar AB. Trends and Disparities in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Mortality in the United States with Predictions Using Machine Learning. NeuroSci. 2025;6(1):6.","journal-title":"NeuroSci"},{"key":"4925_CR10","unstructured":"Multiple Cause of Death. 1999\u20132020 Request. Available from: https:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov\/mcd-icd10.html. Cited 2025 Jun 24."},{"issue":"9","key":"4925_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1878","volume":"77","author":"SN Neifert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Neifert SN, McNeill IT, Rothrock RJ, Caridi JM, Mocco J, Oermann EK. Changing causes of US neurological disease mortality from 1999 to 2017. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(9):1175\u20137.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"4925_CR12","unstructured":"Ingram DD, Franco SJ. 2013 NCHS Urban-rural Classification Scheme for Counties. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics; 2014;88."},{"key":"4925_CR13","unstructured":"Anderson RN, Rosenberg HM. Age standardization of death rates; implementation of the year 2000 standard. Available from: https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/13357. Cited 2025 Jun 24."},{"key":"4925_CR14","unstructured":"Joinpoint Regression Program. Available from: https:\/\/surveillance.cancer.gov\/joinpoint\/index.html. Cited 2025 Jun 24."},{"issue":"1","key":"4925_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3390\/neurosci6010006","volume":"6","author":"H Weresh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Weresh H, Hermann K, Al-Salahat A, Noor A, Billion T, Chen YT, Tauseef A, Abdul Jabbar AB. Trends and Disparities in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Mortality in the United States with Predictions Using Machine Learning. NeuroSci. 2025;6(1):6.","journal-title":"NeuroSci"},{"key":"4925_CR16","unstructured":"Joinpoint Help System. Number of Joinpoints. Available from: https:\/\/surveillance.cancer.gov\/help\/joinpoint\/setting-parameters\/method-and-parameters-tab\/number-of-joinpoints. Cited 2025 Jun 24."},{"key":"4925_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Journal Article A, Lei, Jiali A, Gillespie, Kate T. Projected Global Burden of Brain Disorders Through 2050 (P7-15.001)D 2024J NeurologyP 3234V 102\u00a0N 7_supplement_1R. https:\/\/www.neurology.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000205009.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000205009"},{"issue":"5","key":"4925_CR18","first-page":"2937","volume":"16","author":"S Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang S, Jiang Y, Yang A, Meng F, Zhang J. The Expanding Burden of Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Unmet Medical and Social Need. Aging Dis. 2024;16(5):2937\u201352. PMID: 39571158; PMCID: PMC12339136.","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"4925_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a028035","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028035","volume":"9","author":"BN Dugger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dugger BN, Dickson DW. Pathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2017;9(7):a028035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a028035. PMID: 28062563; PMCID: PMC5495060.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"4925_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S158513","volume":"13","author":"I Liguori","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liguori I, Russo G, Curcio F, Bulli G, Aran L, Della-Morte D, Gargiulo G, Testa G, Cacciatore F, Bonaduce D, Abete P. Oxidative stress, aging, and diseases. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:757\u201372. PMID: 29731617; PMCID: PMC5927356.","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"4925_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9041223","volume":"9","author":"A Tarozzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tarozzi A. Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Preclinical Studies to Clinical Applications. J Clin Med. 2020;9(4):1223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9041223. PMID: 32344515; PMCID: PMC7230972.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"6703","key":"4925_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adi3450","volume":"384","author":"JR Herdy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Herdy JR, Mertens J, Gage FH. Neuronal senescence may drive brain aging. Science. 2024;384(6703):1404\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adi3450. Epub 2024 Jun 27. PMID: 38935713; PMCID: PMC11737875.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4925_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palmer JE, Wilson N, Son SM, Obrocki P, Wrobel L, Rob M, Takla M, Korolchuk VI, Rubinsztein DC. Autophagy, aging, and age-related neurodegeneration. Neuron. 2025;113(1):29\u201348.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.09.015"},{"key":"4925_CR24","first-page":"33","volume":"30","author":"PNB Parra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Parra PNB, Atanasov V, Whittle J, Meurer J, Luo QE, Zhang R, Black B. The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Elderly: Population Fatality Rates, COVID Mortality Percentage, and Life Expectancy Loss. Elder Law J. 2022;30:33\u201380. Epub 2022 Feb 17. PMID: 35936928; PMCID: PMC9351604.","journal-title":"Elder Law J"},{"key":"4925_CR25","first-page":"33","volume":"30","author":"PNB Parra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Parra PNB, Atanasov V, Whittle J, Meurer J, Luo QE, Zhang R, Black B. The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Elderly: Population Fatality Rates, COVID Mortality Percentage, and Life Expectancy Loss. Elder Law J. 2022;30:33\u201380.","journal-title":"Elder Law J"},{"key":"4925_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0244-7","volume":"15","author":"Y Hou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hou Y, Dan X, Babbar M, et al. Ageing as a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease. Nat Rev Neurol. 2019;15:565\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-019-0244-7.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4925_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01524-9","volume":"20","author":"L Hao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hao L, Xu X, Dupre ME, Guo A, Zhang X, Qiu L, Zhao Y, Gu D. Adequate access to healthcare and added life expectancy among older adults in China. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-020-01524-9. PMID: 32272883; PMCID: PMC7146971.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4925_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01656-9","volume":"17","author":"M Rosende-Roca","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rosende-Roca M, Garc\u00eda-Guti\u00e9rrez F, Cantero-Fortiz Y, Alegret M, Pytel V, Ca\u00f1abate P, Gonz\u00e1lez-P\u00e9rez A, de Rojas I, Vargas L, Tartari JP, Espinosa A, Ortega G, P\u00e9rez-Cord\u00f3n A, Moreno M, Preckler S, Seguer S, Gurruchaga MJ, T\u00e1rraga L, Ruiz A, Valero S, Boada M, Marqui\u00e9 M. Exploring sex differences in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a comprehensive analysis of a large patient cohort from a memory unit. Alzheimer\u2019s Res Ther. 2025;17(1):27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-024-01656-9. PMID: 39844303; PMCID: PMC11753069.","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Res Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"4925_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1159\/000540919","volume":"59","author":"A Gorenshtein","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gorenshtein A, Leibovitch L, Liba T, Stern S, Stern Y. Gender Disparities in Neurological Symptoms of Long COVID: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuroepidemiology. 2025;59(4):426\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000540919. Epub 2024 Aug 19. PMID: 39159607; PMCID: PMC12324708.","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"4925_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2023.03.007","volume":"156","author":"MDCR Fernandes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fernandes MDCR, Vasconcelos GS, de Melo ACL, Matsui TC, Caetano LF, de Carvalho Ara\u00fajo FM, Fonseca MHG. Influence of age, gender, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and pre-existing diseases in antibody response after COVID-19 vaccination: A review. Mol Immunol. 2023;156:148\u201355. Epub 2023 Mar 10. PMID: 36921489; PMCID: PMC9998295.","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4925_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1159\/000545184","volume":"25","author":"L Emma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Emma L, Twait V, Gudnason LJ, Launer L, Gerritsen, Mirjam I, Geerlings. Sex Differences in Progression of Neurodegeneration: The Age, Gene\/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study. Neurodegener Dis 15 July. 2025;25(2):67\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000545184.","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis 15 July"},{"key":"4925_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weiss J. Contribution of socioeconomic, lifestyle, and medical risk factors to disparities in dementia and mortality. SSM Popul Health. 2021;16:100979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100979. PMID: 34977324; PMCID: PMC8683757.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100979"},{"issue":"11","key":"4925_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.3093","volume":"80","author":"HA Jin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jin HA, McMillan CT, Yannatos I, Fisher L, Rhodes E, Jacoby SF, Irwin DJ, Massimo L. Racial Differences in Clinical Presentation in Individuals Diagnosed With Frontotemporal Dementia. JAMA Neurol. 2023;80(11):1191\u20138. PMID: 37695629; PMCID: PMC10495924.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"24","key":"4925_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004025","volume":"88","author":"A Saadi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saadi A, Himmelstein DU, Woolhandler S, Mejia NI. Racial disparities in neurologic health care access and utilization in the United States. Neurology. 2017;88(24):2268\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004025.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4925_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02445-9","volume":"21","author":"W Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu W, Li X, Li X, Wang H, Li M, Gao Z, Wu X, Tian Y, Zhou S, Wang K, Yu Y. The protective impact of education on brain structure and function in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. BMC Neurol. 2021;21(1):423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02445-9. PMID: 34717581; PMCID: PMC8557004.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4925_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s11113-023-09831-w","volume":"42","author":"KM Walsemann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Walsemann KM, Fisk CE, Farina MP, Abbruzzi E, Ailshire JA. Race, gender, and cohort differences in the educational experiences of Black and White Americans. Popul Res Policy Rev. 2023;42(6):86. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11113-023-09831-w. Epub 2023 Oct 27. PMID: 39206094; PMCID: PMC11349311.","journal-title":"Popul Res Policy Rev"},{"key":"4925_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096964","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1096964","volume":"10","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Feng Y. How does urbanization affect public health? New evidence from 175 countries worldwide. Front Public Health. 2023;10:1096964. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1096964. PMID: 36684862; PMCID: PMC9852986.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"4925_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254248232513953","DOI":"10.1177\/25424823251395318","volume":"9","author":"Z Xie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xie Z, Hu J, Stallings-Smith S, Kulshreshtha A, Hong YR. Rural-urban differences in modifiable dementia risk factors among U.S. populations aged 45 years or older. J Alzheimers Dis Rep. 2025;9:25424823251395318. PMID: 41209367; PMCID: PMC12592673.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"4925_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493018772800","volume":"13","author":"Y B\u00e9jot","year":"2018","unstructured":"B\u00e9jot Y, Reis J, Giroud M, Feigin V. A review of epidemiological research on stroke and dementia and exposure to air pollution. Int J Stroke. 2018;13(7):687\u201395. Epub 2018 Apr 27. PMID: 29699457.","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"4925_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen H, Kwong JC, Copes R, Tu K, Villeneuve PJ, van Donkelaar A, Hystad P, Martin RV, Murray BJ, Jessiman B, Wilton AS, Kopp A, Richard T, Burnett. Living near major roads and the incidence of dementia, Parkinson\u2019s disease, and multiple sclerosis: a population-based cohort study, The Lancet. 2017;389(10070):718\u2013726, ISSN 0140\u20136736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32399-6.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32399-6"},{"key":"4925_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"GBD 2021 US Burden of Disease Collaborators. The burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors by state in the USA, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet. 2024;404(10469):2314\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01446-6. Erratum in: The Lancet. 2025;405(10475):302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00105-9. PMID: 39645376; PMCID: PMC11694014.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00105-9"},{"key":"4925_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230267","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd21.230267","volume":"21","author":"GA Benavidez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Benavidez GA, Zahnd WE, Hung P, Eberth JM. Chronic Disease Prevalence in the US: Sociodemographic and Geographic Variations by Zip Code Tabulation Area. Prev Chronic Dis. 2024;21:230267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5888\/pcd21.230267.","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"4925_CR43","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and, Health M, and Medicine Division; Board on Health Care Services; Committee on the Quality of Care in Nursing Homes. The National Imperative to Improve Nursing Home Quality: Honoring Our Commitment to Residents, Families,Staff. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2022 Apr 6. 2, EvolutionLandscape of Nursing Home Care in the United States. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK584647\/."},{"issue":"1","key":"4925_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2436585","DOI":"10.1080\/11038128.2024.2436585","volume":"31","author":"L Spang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Spang L, Lidstr\u00f6m-Holmqvist K, Holmefur M, Pettersson C. Older adults\u2019 reasons for applying to a nursing home - a document analysis. Scand J Occup Ther. 2024;31(1):2436585. Epub 2024 Dec 6. PMID: 39642048.","journal-title":"Scand J Occup Ther"},{"key":"4925_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amiri S, Keffeler JI, Crain DR, Denney JT, Buchwald D. Racithnic, and rural disparities in distance to physicians among decedents with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias in Washington State. Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia. 2024;20(5):3671-8.","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13756"},{"key":"4925_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254248232513953","DOI":"10.1177\/25424823251395318","volume":"9","author":"Z Xie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xie Z, Hu J, Stallings-Smith S, Kulshreshtha A, Hong YR. Rural-urban differences in modifiable dementia risk factors among U.S. populations aged 45 years or older. J Alzheimers Dis Rep. 2025;9:25424823251395318.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis Rep"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04925-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04925-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04925-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T22:57:57Z","timestamp":1781132277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04925-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4925"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04925-2","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-8958661\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study used publicly available, de-identified data from CDC WONDER and was exempt from institutional review board approval.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"380"}}