{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T23:27:21Z","timestamp":1786663641932,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":66,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-026-04980-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T10:06:40Z","timestamp":1780999600000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The neuroprotective and therapeutic potential of resveratrol for traumatic spinal cord injuries: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4707-6026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariam","family":"Moselmani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5211-5025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana","family":"Khayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5561-743X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Ajami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4741-1980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aya","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3927-5821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghina","family":"Rammal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1748-4473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nada","family":"Alaaeddine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4980_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17018","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.18","volume":"3","author":"CS Ahuja","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahuja CS, Wilson JR, Nori S, et al. Traumatic spinal cord injury. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3(1):17018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2017.18.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"4980_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00282","volume":"10","author":"A Alizadeh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alizadeh A, Dyck SM, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Traumatic spinal cord injury: an overview of pathophysiology, models and acute injury mechanisms. Front Neurol. 2019;10:282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2019.00282.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4980_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2004.02.028","volume":"297","author":"AR Alvarez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Alvarez AR, Godoy JA, Mullendorff K, Olivares GH, Bronfman M, Inestrosa NC. Wnt-3a overcomes beta-amyloid toxicity in rat hippocampal neurons. Exp Cell Res. 2004;297(1):186\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yexcr.2004.02.028.","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"4980_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cant\u00f3 C, Gerhart-Hines Z, Feige JN, Lagouge M, Noriega L, Milne JC, Elliott PJ, Puigserver P, Auwerx J. AMPK regulates energy expenditure by modulating NAD+ metabolism and SIRT1 activity. Nature. 2009;458(7241):1056\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature07813.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07813"},{"issue":"4","key":"4980_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13041090","volume":"13","author":"JI Chalif","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chalif JI, Chavarro VS, Mensah E, Johnston B, Fields DP, Chalif EJ, et al. Epidural spinal cord stimulation for spinal cord injury in humans: A systematic review. J Clin Med. 2024;13(4):1090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13041090.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4980_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.5505\/tjtes.2016.44575","volume":"22","author":"U \u00c7ift\u00e7i","year":"2016","unstructured":"\u00c7ift\u00e7i U, Delen E, Vural M, Uysal O, Turgut Co\u015fan D, Baydemir C, et al. Efficiacy of resveratrol and quercetin after experimental spinal cord injury. Ulusal Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2016;22(5):423\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5505\/tjtes.2016.44575.","journal-title":"Ulusal Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg"},{"key":"4980_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111407","volume":"408","author":"J Cui","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cui J, Lin S, Zhang M. Resveratrol loaded microglia-derived exosomes attenuate astrogliasis by restoring mitochondrial function to reduce spinal cord injury. Chem Biol Interact. 2025;408:111407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2025.111407.","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"4980_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dagra, A., Thakkar, R., & Lucke-Wold, B. (2024). Commentary: Social Determinants of Health Impact Spinal Cord Injury Outcomes in Low and Middle Income-Countries: A Meta-Epidemiological Study. Neurosurg","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000002807"},{"key":"4980_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dan\u0131\u015fman B, Kelek SE, Aslan M. Resveratrol in neurodegeneration, in neurodegenerative diseases, and in the redox biology of the mitochondria. Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol. 2023;33(2):147\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/pcp.2023.23633.","DOI":"10.5152\/pcp.2023.23633"},{"issue":"17","key":"4980_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7217","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610068104","volume":"104","author":"B Dasgupta","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dasgupta B, Milbrandt J. Resveratrol stimulates AMP kinase activity in neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104(17):7217\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0610068104.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"4980_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11061019","volume":"11","author":"LT de Ara\u00fajo","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Ara\u00fajo LT, Mac\u00eado CT, Damasceno PKF, das Neves \u00cdGC, de Lima CS, Santos GC, et al. Clinical trials using mesenchymal stem cells for spinal cord injury: Challenges in generating evidence. Cells. 2022;11(6):1019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11061019.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"4980_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655731","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.655731","volume":"9","author":"N Deleyto-Seldas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deleyto-Seldas N, Efeyan A. The mTOR-autophagy axis and the control of metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:655731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2021.655731.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4980_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03508-y","volume":"12","author":"Z Deng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deng Z, Sun M, Wu J, Fang H, Cai S, An S, et al. SIRT1 attenuates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury via Beclin1 deacetylation-mediated autophagy activation. Cell Death Dis. 2021;12(2):217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-021-03508-y.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"4980_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00341","volume":"12","author":"Z Ding","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ding Z, Cao J, Shen Y, Zou Y, Yang X, Zhou W, et al. Resveratrol promotes nerve regeneration via activation of p300 acetyltransferase-mediated VEGF signaling in a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury. Front Neurosci. 2018;12:341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2018.00341.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"4980_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12549","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S543912","volume":"18","author":"J Dong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dong J, Xie T, Shi C, Feng G, Zhang H, Xu Z, et al. Gut-spinal cord axis in spinal cord injury: bidirectional inflammatory mechanisms and microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies. J Inflamm Res. 2025;18:12549\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JIR.S543912.","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"21","key":"4980_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.3963","volume":"32","author":"N Evaniew","year":"2015","unstructured":"Evaniew N, Noonan VK, Fallah N, Kwon BK, Rivers CS, Ahn H, et al. Methylprednisolone for the treatment of patients with acute spinal cord injuries: a propensity score-matched cohort study from a Canadian Multi-Center Spinal Cord Injury Registry. J Neurotrauma. 2015;32(21):1674\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2015.3963.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"4980_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84S","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217703387","volume":"7","author":"MG Fehlings","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fehlings MG, Tetreault LA, Wilson JR, Kwon BK, Burns AS, Martin AR, et al. A clinical practice guideline for the management of acute spinal cord injury: introduction, rationale, and scope. Global Spine J. 2017;7(3 Suppl):84S-94S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2192568217703387.","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"4980_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203S","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217703085","volume":"7","author":"MG Fehlings","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fehlings MG, Wilson JR, Tetreault LA, Aarabi B, Anderson P, Arnold PM, et al. A clinical practice guideline for the management of patients with acute spinal cord injury: recommendations on the use of methylprednisolone sodium succinate. Global Spine J. 2017;7(3 Suppl):203S-211S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2192568217703085.","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"issue":"17\u201318","key":"4980_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2023.0163","volume":"40","author":"MG Fehlings","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fehlings MG, Moghaddamjou A, Harrop JS, Stanford R, Ball J, Aarabi B, et al. Safety and efficacy of riluzole in acute spinal cord injury study (RISCIS): a multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial. J Neurotrauma. 2023;40(17\u201318):1878\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2023.0163.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"4980_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Feng Y, Ju Y, Yan Z, Ji M, Li J, Wu Q, Yang M, Sun G. Resveratrol attenuates autophagy and inflammation after traumatic brain injury by activation of PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway in rats. Folia Neuropathol. 2022;60(2):153\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/fn.2022.118184.","DOI":"10.5114\/fn.2022.118184"},{"key":"4980_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837042","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/837042","volume":"2015","author":"J Gambini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gambini J, Ingl\u00e9s M, Olaso G, Lopez-Grueso R, Bonet-Costa V, Gimeno-Mallench L, et al. Properties of resveratrol: in vitro and in vivo studies about metabolism, bioavailability, and biological effects in animal models and humans. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2015;2015:837042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/837042.","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"4980_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gu J, Li Z, Chen H, Xu X, Li Y, Gui Y. Neuroprotective effect of trans-resveratrol in mild to moderate alzheimer disease: a randomized, double-blind trial. Neurol Ther. 2021;10(2):905\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40120-021-00271-2.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-021-00271-2"},{"key":"4980_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hall ED, Vaishnav RA, Mustafa AG. Antioxidant therapies for traumatic brain injury. Neurotherapeutics. 2010:7(1):51\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.10.021.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.10.021"},{"key":"4980_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-43","volume":"14","author":"CR Hooijmans","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hooijmans CR, Rovers MM, de Vries RB, Leenaars M, Ritskes-Hoitinga M, Langendam MW. SYRCLE\u2019s risk of bias tool for animal studies. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014;14:43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2288-14-43.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"4980_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hu J, Han H, Cao P, Yu Q, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Resveratrol-mediated attenuation of spinal cord injury involves the regulation of autophagy and apoptosis through the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway. Mol Med Rep. 2018;17(2):2957\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.23877.","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23877"},{"issue":"4","key":"4980_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3824","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043824","volume":"24","author":"ZZ Khaing","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khaing ZZ, Chen JY, Safarians G, Ezubeik S, Pedroncelli N, Duquette RD, et al. Clinical trials targeting secondary damage after traumatic spinal cord injury. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(4):3824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24043824.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4980_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-017-0583-2","volume":"15","author":"KA Kigerl","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kigerl KA, Mostacada K, Popovich PG. Gut microbiota are disease-modifying factors after traumatic spinal cord injury. Neurotherapeutics. 2018;15(1):60\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13311-017-0583-2.","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"4980_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lalu, M. M., Montroy, J., Begley, C. G., Bubela, T., Hunniford, V., Ripsman, D., Wesch, N., Kimmelman, J., Macleod, M., Moher, D., Tieu, A., Sikora, L., & Fergusson, D. A. (2020). Identifying and understanding factors that affect the translation of therapies from the laboratory to patients: A study protocol. F1000Researchhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.23663.2","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.23663.2"},{"issue":"7","key":"4980_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9070751","volume":"9","author":"F Lan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lan F, Weikel KA, Cacicedo JM, Ido Y. Resveratrol-induced AMP-activated protein kinase activation is cell-type dependent: lessons from basic research for clinical application. Nutrients. 2017;9(7):751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu9070751.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"4980_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2008.12.002","volume":"432","author":"A Lapham","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lapham A, Adams JE, Paterson A, Lee M, Brimmell M, Packham G. The Bcl-w promoter is activated by beta-catenin\/TCF4 in human colorectal carcinoma cells. Gene. 2009;432(1\u20132):112\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2008.12.002.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"4980_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Levine B, Kroemer G. Biological functions of autophagy genes: a disease perspective. Cell. 2019;176(1):11\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2018.09.048.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.09.048"},{"issue":"1","key":"4980_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1400","volume":"44","author":"YR Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li YR, Li S, Lin CC. Effect of resveratrol and pterostilbene on aging and longevity. BioFactors. 2018;44(1):69\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/biof.1400.","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"4980_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu S, Sarkar C, Dinizo M, Faden AI, Koh EY, Lipinski, MM, Wu J. Disrupted autophagy after spinal cord injury is associated with ER stress and neuronal cell death. Cell Death Dis. 2015;6(1):e1582\u2013e1582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cddis.2014.527.","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2014.527"},{"issue":"3","key":"4980_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23171","volume":"82","author":"X Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu X, Botchway BOA, Tan X, Zhang Y, Fang M. Resveratrol treatment of spinal cord injury in rat model. Microsc Res Tech. 2019;82(3):296\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jemt.23171.","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"issue":"9","key":"4980_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e841","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007998","volume":"93","author":"Z Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu Z, Yang Y, He L, Pang M, Luo C, Liu B, et al. High-dose methylprednisolone for acute traumatic spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis. Neurology. 2019;93(9):e841\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007998.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4980_CR36","unstructured":"Meglio, M. (2026, March 18). Insights on NervGen Pharma\u2019s Positive Phase 1b\/2a Data for NVG-291 in Spinal Cord Injury | NeurologyLive\u2014Clinical Neurology News and Neurology Expert Insights. https:\/\/www.neurologylive.com\/view\/insights-nervgen-pharma-positive-phase-1b-2a-data-nvg-291-spinal-cord-injury?utm_source=chatgpt.com"},{"issue":"2","key":"4980_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2018.9194","volume":"18","author":"HY Meng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Meng HY, Shao DC, Li H, et al. Resveratrol improves neurological outcome and neuroinflammation following spinal cord injury through enhancing autophagy involving the AMPK\/mTOR pathway. Mol Med Rep. 2018;18(2):2237\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/mmr.2018.9194.","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"4980_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9030340","volume":"9","author":"X Meng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meng X, Zhou J, Zhao CN, et al. Health benefits and molecular mechanisms of resveratrol: a narrative review. Foods. 2020;9(3):340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods9030340.","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"4980_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2021.105188","volume":"150","author":"CA Miguel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miguel CA, Noya-Riob\u00f3 MV, Mazzone GL, et al. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions of resveratrol after experimental nervous system insults. Neurochem Int. 2021;150:105188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2021.105188.","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"4980_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moussa C, Hebron M, Huang X, Ahn J, Rissman RA, Aisen PS, Turner RS. Resveratrol regulates neuro-inflammation and induces adaptive immunity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neuroinflammation. 2017;14(1):1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-016-0779-0.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0779-0"},{"issue":"4","key":"4980_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.2203\/dose-response.09-015","volume":"8","author":"S Mukherjee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mukherjee S, Dudley JI, Das DK. Dose-dependency of resveratrol in providing health benefits. Dose Response. 2010;8(4):478\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2203\/dose-response.09-015.","journal-title":"Dose Response"},{"key":"4980_CR42","unstructured":"New Clinical Trials in Spinal Cord Injury. (n.d.). Neurotrauma & Critical Care Section. Retrieved March 17, 2026, from https:\/\/newsletters.aans.org\/neurotrauma\/fall-2023\/new-clinical-trials-in-spinal-cord-injury\/"},{"issue":"10","key":"4980_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.24335","volume":"86","author":"C Ni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ni C, Ye Q, Mi X, Jiao D, Zhang S, Cheng R, et al. Resveratrol inhibits ferroptosis via activating NRF2\/GPX4 pathway in mice with spinal cord injury. Microsc Res Tech. 2023;86(10):1378\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jemt.24335.","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"4980_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4980_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473939","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1473939","volume":"15","author":"L Peng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peng L, Hu XZ, Liu ZQ, et al. Therapeutic potential of resveratrol through ferroptosis modulation: insights and future directions in disease therapeutics. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15:1473939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1473939.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"4980_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pineda-Ram\u00edrez N, Alquisiras-Burgos I, Ortiz-Plata A, Ruiz-Tachiqu\u00edn ME, Espinoza-Rojo M, Aguilera P. Resveratrol Activates Neuronal Autophagy Through AMPK in the Ischemic Brain. Mol Neurobiol. 2020;57(2):1055\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-019-01803-6.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-01803-6"},{"key":"4980_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prakash S, Carter WG. The Neuroprotective Effects of Cannabis-Derived Phytocannabinoids and Resveratrol in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Literature Review of Pre-Clinical Studies. Brain Sci. 2021;11(12):1573. https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/11\/12\/1573.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11121573"},{"issue":"4","key":"4980_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16040569","volume":"16","author":"M Salla","year":"2024","unstructured":"Salla M, Karaki N, El Kaderi B, et al. Enhancing the bioavailability of resveratrol: combine it, derivatize it, or encapsulate it? Pharmaceutics. 2024;16(4):569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics16040569.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"4980_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105381","volume":"109","author":"PS Scheuren","year":"2024","unstructured":"Scheuren PS, Kramer JLK. Next-gen spinal cord injury clinical trials: lessons learned and opportunities for future success. EBioMedicine. 2024;109:105381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105381.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"4980_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.5137\/1019-5149.JTN.21829-17.3","volume":"28","author":"S Senturk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Senturk S, Yaman ME, Aydin HE, et al. Effects of resveratrol on inflammation and apoptosis after experimental spinal cord injury. Turk Neurosurg. 2018;28(6):889\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5137\/1019-5149.JTN.21829-17.3.","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"key":"4980_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shah VS, Dornbos D, Hoang NA, Cua S, Rodgers B, Pezzutti D, Duenas H, Eaton R, Kreatsoulas D, Elder JB, Prevedello DM, Lonser RR, Nimjee SM. Preoperative prescription opioid use as an independent predictor of 90-day mortality and adverse events in craniotomy and craniectomy patients. J Neurosurg. 2024;141(2):455\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2024.1.Jns23615.","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.1.Jns23615"},{"key":"4980_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shamsher E, Khan RS, Davis BM, Dine K, Luong V, Somavarapu S, Cordeiro MF, Shindler KS. Nanoparticles enhance solubility and neuroprotective effects of resveratrol in demyelinating disease. Neurotherapeutics. 2023;20(4):1138\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13311-023-01378-0.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-023-01378-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"4980_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14030339","volume":"14","author":"K Siedlecka-Kroplewska","year":"2025","unstructured":"Siedlecka-Kroplewska K, Kmiec Z, Zmijewski MA. The interplay between autophagy and apoptosis in the mechanisms of action of stilbenes in cancer cells. Antioxidants Basel. 2025;14(3):339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox14030339.","journal-title":"Antioxidants Basel"},{"key":"4980_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh N, Agrawal M, Dor\u00e9 S. Neuroprotective properties and mechanisms of resveratrol in in vitro and in vivo experimental cerebral stroke models. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2013;4(8):1151\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cn400094w.","DOI":"10.1021\/cn400094w"},{"key":"4980_CR55","unstructured":"Spinal cord injury. (n.d.). Retrieved March 17, 2026, from https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/spinal-cord-injury"},{"key":"4980_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084101","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1084101","volume":"13","author":"RC Sterner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sterner RC, Sterner RM. Immune response following traumatic spinal cord injury: pathophysiology and therapies. Front Immunol. 2023;13:1084101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1084101.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4980_CR57","unstructured":"Themes, U. F. O. (2017, August 25). Clinical Trials and Spinal Cord Injury: Challenges and Therapeutic Interventions. Neupsy Key. https:\/\/neupsykey.com\/clinical-trials-and-spinal-cord-injury-challenges-and-therapeutic-interventions\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"4980_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.22038\/ijbms.2020.44534.10416","volume":"24","author":"H Tian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tian H, Zhao H, Mei X, Li D, Lin J, Lin S, et al. Resveratrol inhibits LPS-induced apoptosis in VSC4.1 motoneurons through enhancing SIRT1-mediated autophagy. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2021;24(1):38\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22038\/ijbms.2020.44534.10416.","journal-title":"Iran J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"4980_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tian X, Ou Y, Shi S, Zhou Q, Long S, Xiang Y, Zhao W, Long D. SIRT1-dependent neuroprotection by resveratrol in TOCP-induced spinal cord injury: modulation of ER stress and autophagic flux. Toxics. 2024;12(11):810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics12110810.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12110810"},{"issue":"282","key":"4980_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282cm2","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa2049","volume":"7","author":"H-D Volk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Volk H-D, Stevens MM, Mooney DJ, Grainger DW, Duda GN. Key elements for nourishing the translational research environment. Sci Transl Med. 2015;7(282):282cm2-282cm2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa2049.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"4980_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8427","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23877","volume":"9","author":"P Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang P, Jiang L, Zhou N, et al. Resveratrol ameliorates autophagic flux to promote functional recovery in rats after spinal cord injury. Oncotarget. 2018;9(9):8427\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.23877.","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"20","key":"4980_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23603","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203628","volume":"13","author":"Z Xiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiang Z, Zhang S, Yao X, et al. Resveratrol promotes axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury through activating Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway. Aging. 2021;13(20):23603\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.203628.","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"4980_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.266064","volume":"15","author":"B-P Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu B-P, Yao M, Li Z-J, Tian Z-R, Ye J, Wang Y-J, et al. Neurological recovery and antioxidant effects of resveratrol in rats with spinal cord injury: A meta-analysis. Neural Regen Res. 2019;15(3):482\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1673-5374.266064.","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"4980_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12091739","volume":"12","author":"R Yan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yan R, Lin B, Jin W, Tang L, Hu S, Cai R. NRF2, a superstar of ferroptosis. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 2023;12(9):1739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox12091739.","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"9","key":"4980_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4628","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094628","volume":"22","author":"AJT Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang AJT, Bagit A, MacPherson REK. Resveratrol, metabolic dysregulation, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: considerations for neurogenerative disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(9):4628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22094628.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"4980_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.12056","volume":"23","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Al Mamun A, Yuan Y, et al. Acute spinal cord injury: pathophysiology and pharmacological intervention (review). Mol Med Rep. 2021;23(6):417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/mmr.2021.12056.","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"4980_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.02.027","volume":"348","author":"H Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao H, Chen S, Gao K, et al. Resveratrol protects against spinal cord injury by activating autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis mediated by the SIRT1\/AMPK signaling pathway. Neuroscience. 2017;348:241\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.02.027.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"4980_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18020466","volume":"18","author":"K Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou K, Sansur CA, Xu H, Jia X. The temporal pattern, flux, and function of autophagy in spinal cord injury. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(2):466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms18020466.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4980_CR69","unstructured":"Zubair M, Bokhari SRA. Apoptosis. Dans StatPearls. StatPearls PublishingCopyright \u00a9 2026, StatPearls Publishing LLC; 2026."}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04980-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04980-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04980-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T22:46:46Z","timestamp":1786661206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04980-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4980"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-026-04980-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Approved by all authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"515"}}