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However, such treatment has been shown to cause heavy emotional burdens on the women receiving it since it requires them to face many challenges derived from the intervention. Nevertheless, current existing scales lack effective items that can reflect the distress of these women. The aim of this study was to develop a reliable instrument to assess the distress of women experiencing AAR.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The Prenatal Activity Restriction Stress Questionnaire (PARSQ) was developed according to comprehensive literature review, women\u2019s interviews, and existing pregnancy-special stress scales from August 2016 to July 2017 in southern Taiwan. Six experts evaluated its content validity; the Rasch rating scale model (RSM) was used to examine its item-fit, dimensionality, and reliability with 200 women with AAR experience. Furthermore, the concurrent validity was assessed through computing the correlation of AAR women\u2019s scores on the PARSQ and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and discriminant validity of the PARSQ was assessed to compare the scores\u2019 differences between the AAR women and the healthy pregnant women.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The PARSQ was constructed with 23 items in the 4-dimensional scale: Role function changes (8 items), Fetal safety and health (5 items), Physical and psychological care issues (5 items), and Socioeconomic and medical issues (5 items). It was confirmed to have satisfactory content vitality (CVI\u2009=\u20090.78 to 1.0), reasonable item-fit (0.77 to 1.51), and good reliability in RSM model, as well as adequate concurrent validity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005) and discriminant validity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Understanding the distress of women undergoing AAR is necessary for developing appropriate prenatal care to <jats:italic>assist women<\/jats:italic> in coping with their situation to alleviate their emotional burdens. The developed PARSQ with satisfied psychometric properties can be an informative instrument for clinicians\/researchers to assess the specific stress of pregnant women with AAR.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03347-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]],"date-time":"2020-10-31T13:03:13Z","timestamp":1604149393000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Development and validation of the prenatal activity restriction stress questionnaire: a Rasch rating scale analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Hsiao-Ying","family":"Hung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su-Pin","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying-Ju","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9832","key":"3347_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60820-4","volume":"379","author":"H Blencowe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blencowe H, Cousens S, Oestergaard MZ, Chou D, Moller AB, Narwal R, et al. 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