{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:30:04Z","timestamp":1787020204387,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) deteriorates many aspects of daily lives of women. However, little is known about associations between NVP and sleep quality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Women attending to routine mid-pregnancy visits in maternity health care clinics in Turku city area and surrounding municipalities, Finland, during 2011\u20132014, were invited to participate. A cohort of 1203 volunteers (mean age 30\u2009years, mean gestational week 16.6, mean BMI 24.4\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , nulliparous 46%) was recruited. The severity of NVP in the worst 12-h period of current pregnancy was assessed with Pregnancy Unique Quantification of Emesis Questionnaire (PUQE) and categorized accordingly into no\/mild\/moderate and severe NVP. Sleep disturbances during the past 3\u2009months were assessed with selected questions (difficulty falling asleep, night awakenings, too early morning awakenings and sleepiness during the day) from Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire (BNSQ). In addition, general sleep quality, as well as physical and mental quality of life (QoL) were rated with three visual analog scales (VAS). Associations between PUQE categories (severity of NVP) and sleep disturbances, general sleep quality, physical QoL and mental QoL were evaluated with multinomial regression analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      According to PUQE, NVP was most frequently moderate (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009629, 52.3%), followed by mild (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009361, 30.0%) and severe (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200977, 6.4%). Only 11.3% had no NVP (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009136). The most frequent sleep disturbance was night awakenings (69.9%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009837), followed by sleepiness during the day (35.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009427), too early morning awakenings (12.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009143) and difficulty falling asleep (7.1%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200981). In adjusted analysis (age, parity, body mass index, smoking, employment), more severe NVP was associated with night awakenings (AOR 3.9, 95% CI 1.79\u20138.47,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and sleepiness during the day (AOR 4.7, 95% CI 2.20\u20139.94,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). In VAS, women with more severe NVP rated worse general sleep quality and worse physical and mental QoL. However, in multivariable analysis, the association between the severity of NVP and physical and mental QoL was stronger than that of sleep .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More severe NVP is associated with sleep disturbances and in close relation to lower physical and mental QoL. Thus, in comprehensive care of women with NVP, also sleep quality should be evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03639-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T15:13:38Z","timestamp":1613834018000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Sleep quality in women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8589-4714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Laitinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8186-4860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miina","family":"Nurmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2795-1327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u00e4ivi","family":"Rautava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6106-1427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mari","family":"Koivisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0665-0306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u00e4ivi","family":"Polo-Kantola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3639_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2011.03.009","volume":"40","author":"N Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee N, Saha S. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Gastroenterol Clin N Am. 2011;40(2):309\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gtc.2011.03.009.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin N Am"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"3639_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000477853","volume":"100","author":"V London","year":"2017","unstructured":"London V, Grube S, Sherer D, et al. Hyperemesis gravidarum: a review of recent literature. Pharmacology. 2017;100(3\u20134):161\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000477853.","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3639_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.1992.tb00671.x","volume":"19","author":"B O\u2019Brien","year":"1992","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien B, Naber S. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: effects on the quality of women\u2019s lives. Birth. 1992;19(3):138\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1523-536X.1992.tb00671.x.","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"4","key":"3639_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2000.tb01167.x","volume":"40","author":"C Smith","year":"2000","unstructured":"Smith C, Crowther C, Beilby J, et al. The impact of nausea and vomiting on women: a burden of early pregnancy. Austr N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2000;40(4):397\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2000.tb01167.x.","journal-title":"Austr N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3639_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3109\/01674820009075620","volume":"21","author":"P Mazzotta","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mazzotta P, Stewart D, Atanackovic G, Koren G, Magee LA. Psychosocial morbidity among women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: prevalence and association with anti-emetic therapy. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2000;21(3):129\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/01674820009075620.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"3639_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tan A, Lowe S, Henry A. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: effects on quality of life and day-to-day function. Austr N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2017:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajo.12714.","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12714"},{"key":"3639_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/s1389-9457(01)00130-7","volume":"3","author":"C Hedman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hedman C, Pohjasvaara T, Tolonen U, et al. Effects of pregnancy on mothers\u2019 sleep. Sleep Med. 2002;3:37\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1389-9457(01)00130-7.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"3639_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.7.1405","volume":"27","author":"G Pien","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pien G, Schwab R. Sleep disorders during pregnancy. Sleep. 2004;27(7):1405\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/27.7.1405.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"3639_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.03.031","volume":"72","author":"L Aukia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aukia L, Paavonen EJ, J\u00e4nk\u00e4l\u00e4 T, Tolvanen M, Korja R, Karlsson L, et al. Insomnia symptoms increase during pregnancy, but no increase in sleepiness \u2013 associations with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Sleep Med. 2020;72:150\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.03.031.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"3639_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/s0029-7844(99)00486-x","volume":"95","author":"KA Lee","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lee KA, Zaffke ME, McEnany G. Parity and sleep patterns during and after pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;95:14\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0029-7844(99)00486-x.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3639_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-2813-6","volume":"20","author":"RK Ertmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ertmann RK, Nicolaisdottir DR, Kragstrup J, et al. Sleep complaints in early pregnancy. A cross-sectional study among women attending prenatal care in general practice. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20:123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-020-2813-6.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"8","key":"3639_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.8.1567","volume":"27","author":"J Edinger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Edinger J, Bonnet M, Bootzin R, et al. Derivation of research diagnostic criteria for insomnia: report of an American Academy of Sleep Medicine work group. Sleep. 2004;27(8):1567\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/27.8.1567.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"3639_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.12.006","volume":"16","author":"JA Mindell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mindell JA, Cook R, Nikolovski J. Sleep patterns and sleep disturbances across pregnancy. Sleep Med. 2015;16(4):483\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.12.006.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"3639_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.371","volume":"4","author":"S Nowakowski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nowakowski S, Meers J, Heimbach E. Sleep and Women\u2019s health. Sleep Med Res. 2013;4:1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jid.2014.371.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Res"},{"key":"3639_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20828","volume":"28","author":"ML Okun","year":"2011","unstructured":"Okun ML, Kiewra K, Luther JF, Wisniewski SR, Wisner KL. Sleep disturbances in depressed and nondepressed pregnant women. Depress Anxiety. 2011;28:676\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.20828.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"2","key":"3639_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13056","volume":"96","author":"P Polo-Kantola","year":"2017","unstructured":"Polo-Kantola P, Aukia L, Karlsson H, et al. Sleep quality during pregnancy: associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2017;96(2):198\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aogs.13056.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"3639_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2008.00655.x","volume":"17","author":"H Skouteris","year":"2008","unstructured":"Skouteris H, Germano C, Wertheim E, et al. Sleep quality and depression during pregnancy: a prospective study. J Sleep Res. 2008;17(2):217\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2008.00655.x.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"3639_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2007.12.005","volume":"5","author":"E Kamysheva","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kamysheva E, Skouteris H, Wertheim E, Paxton S, Milgrom J. Examination of a multi-factorial model of body-related experiences during pregnancy: the relationships among physical symptoms, sleep quality, depression, self-esteem, and negative body attitudes. Body Image. 2008;5(2):152\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bodyim.2007.12.005.","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"issue":"9","key":"3639_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)34298-0","volume":"31","author":"N Ebrahimi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ebrahimi N, Maltepe C, Bournissen F. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: using the 24-hour Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis (PUQE-24) scale. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2009;31(9):803\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)34298-0.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"issue":"1","key":"3639_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-017-1249-0","volume":"17","author":"K Heitmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heitmann K, Nordeng G, Havnen G, et al. The burden of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy: severe impacts on quality of life, daily life functioning and willingness to become pregnant again \u2013 results from a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17(1):75. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-017-1249-0.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"4","key":"3639_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.104234","volume":"182","author":"R Lacroix","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lacroix R, Eason E, Melzack R. Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy: a prospective study of its frequency, intensity and patterns of change. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;182(4):931\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mob.2000.104234.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3639_CR22","unstructured":"Finnish National Institute for Health and Welfare: Perinatal statistics 2014. http:\/\/urn.fi\/URN:NBN:fi-fe2015093014230. Accessed 7 Jan 2021."},{"issue":"5","key":"3639_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S228","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.123054","volume":"186","author":"G Koren","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koren G, Boskovic R, Hard M, et al. Motherisk\u2013PUQE (pregnancy-unique quantification of emesis and nausea) scoring system for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;186(5):S228\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mob.2002.123054.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3639_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610500060651","volume":"25","author":"G Koren","year":"2005","unstructured":"Koren G, Piwko C, Ahn E, Boskovic R, Maltepe C, Einarson A, et al. Validation studies of the Pregnancy Unique -Quantification of Emesis (PUQE) scores. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2005;25(3):241\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01443610500060651.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3639_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0119962","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119962","volume":"10","author":"E Birkeland","year":"2015","unstructured":"Birkeland E, Stokke G, Tangvik RJ, Torkildsen EA, Boateng J, Wollen AL, et al. Norwegian PUQE (Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea) identifies patients with hyperemesis gravidarum and poor nutritional intake: a prospective cohort validation study. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0119962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0119962.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3639_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.09.031","volume":"230","author":"P Ellil\u00e4","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ellil\u00e4 P, Laitinen L, Nurmi M, Rautava P, Koivisto M, Polo-Kantola P. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a study with pregnancy-unique quantification of emesis questionnaire. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2018;230:60\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.09.031.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"3639_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.1995.tb00205.x","volume":"4","author":"M Partinen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Partinen M, Gislason T. Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire (BNSQ): a quantitated measure of subjective sleep complaints. J Sleep Res. 1995;4:150\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2869.1995.tb00205.x.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"3639_CR28","volume-title":"The International classification of sleep disorders. 3rd. edition (ICSD-3)","author":"AASM","year":"2014","unstructured":"AASM. The International classification of sleep disorders. 3rd. edition (ICSD-3). Rochester: American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM); 2014."},{"key":"3639_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(86)90228-9","volume":"27","author":"MP Jensen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Jensen MP, Karoly P, Braver S. The measurement of clinical pain intensity: a comparison of six methods. Pain. 1986;27:117\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-3959(86)90228-9.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"3639_CR30","unstructured":"Excessive Daytime Sleepiness. In: J. M. Shneerson, editor. Handbook of Sleep Medicine. United Kingdom: Blackwell Science Ltd; 2000. p. 110\u2013135."},{"issue":"5","key":"3639_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-2182(91)90045-Q","volume":"36","author":"N Reeves","year":"1991","unstructured":"Reeves N, Potempa K, Gallo A. Fatigue in early pregnancy. An exploratory study. J Nurse-Midwifery. 1991;36(5):303\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0091-2182(91)90045-Q.","journal-title":"J Nurse-Midwifery"},{"issue":"3","key":"3639_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0897-1897(95)80593-1","volume":"8","author":"L Pugh","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pugh L, Milligan R. Patterns of fatigue and childbearing. Appl Nurs Res. 1995;8(3):140\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0897-1897(95)80593-1.","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"3639_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0166133","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166133","volume":"11","author":"G Bai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bai G, Korfage I, Groen E, et al. Associations between nausea, vomiting, fatigue and health-related quality of life of women in early pregnancy: the generation R study. PLoS One. 2016;11(11):e0166133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0166133.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3639_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-5-200103060-00012","volume":"134","author":"JR Santiago","year":"2001","unstructured":"Santiago JR, Nolledo MS, Kinzler W, et al. Sleep and sleep disorders in pregnancy. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:396\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-134-5-200103060-00012.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3639_CR35","first-page":"S7","volume":"3","author":"T Roth","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roth T. Insomnia: definition, prevalence, etiology and consequences. J Clin Sleep Med. 2007;3(5):S7\u2013S10.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"3639_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5258","volume":"38","author":"J Theorell-Hagl\u00f6w","year":"2015","unstructured":"Theorell-Hagl\u00f6w J, \u00c5kerstedt T, Schwartz J, et al. Predictors for development of excessive daytime sleepiness in women: a population-based 10-year follow-up. Sleep. 2015;38(12):1995\u20132003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5665\/sleep.5258.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"3639_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2012.10.001","volume":"26","author":"H Wood","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wood H, McKellar L, Lightbody M. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: blooming or bloomin\u2019awful? A review of the literature. Women Birth. 2013;26:100\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wombi.2012.10.001.","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"key":"3639_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2013.11.008","volume":"77","author":"P Polo-Kantola","year":"2014","unstructured":"Polo-Kantola P, Laine A, Aromaa M, et al. A population-based survey of sleep disturbances in middle-aged women \u2013 associations with health, health-related quality of life and health behaviour. Maturitas. 2014;77:255\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.maturitas.2013.11.008.","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"3639_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-018-0903-5","volume":"22","author":"J Pietik\u00e4inen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pietik\u00e4inen J, Polo-Kantola P, P\u00f6lkki P, Saarenp\u00e4\u00e4-Heikkil\u00e4 O, Paunio T, Paavolainen EJ. Sleeping problems during pregnancy \u2013 a risk factor for postnatal depressiveness. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2019;22:327\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00737-018-0903-5.","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health"}],"container-title":["BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12884-021-03639-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12884-021-03639-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12884-021-03639-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T10:16:59Z","timestamp":1620123419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12884-021-03639-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3639"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-021-03639-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2393"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2393","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Joint Ethics Committees of University of Turku and Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland (58\/180\/2011) gave ethical approval. All participants gave their informed consent.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"152"}}