{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T15:47:23Z","timestamp":1775663243582,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005760","name":"University of Gothenburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005760","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postpartum septic symphysitis (PPSS) is defined as acute onset of severe pain around the symphysis, restricted movement, fever, and elevated inflammatory parameters. It is a rare but serious condition requiring urgent diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and long-term follow-up of PPSS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This follow-up study included 19 out of 21 women diagnosed with PPSS from 1989 to 2017 at one tertiary care hospital in Sweden. Clinical data were retrieved from hospital records and compared to those retrieved from a regional registry. Women completed a postal questionnaire, and those who reported lumbopelvic pain (LPP) were offered a clinical examination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      1) PPSS was diagnosed after a normal postpartum period of 24 to 50\u2009h by blood tests (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919\/19), ultrasonography (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099 \/19), computer tomography (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098\/19) or magnetic resonance imaging (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200916\/19) Treatment included aspiration of symphyseal abscesses, i.v. antibiotics and different physiotherapeutic interventions. Women with PPSS more frequently were primiparous (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200914\/19,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), had an instrumental delivery (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200914\/19,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003), longer time of active labour (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01) and second stage of labour (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) than women in the regional registry. 2) Ten out of 19 (52%) women reported LPP at follow-up. These women more often suffered impaired function related to LPP (Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire, 27 versus 0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), a poorer health-related quality of life (EuroQol-5 dimensions\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001 and EuroQol-visual analogue scale, 65\u2009mm versus 84\u2009mm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022) and higher levels of anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) HADS-Anxiety, 7 versus 2,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.010; and HADS-Depression, 1 versus 0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028) than women with no pain. 3). Of the eight women who were clinically assessed, one had lumbar pain and seven had pelvic girdle pain (PGP).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the largest cohort of patients with PPSS to date, primiparas and women with instrumental vaginal delivery were overrepresented, indicating that first and complicated deliveries might be risk factors. Approximately half of the women reported PGP at follow-up, with considerable consequences affecting health-related quality of life and function decades after delivery. Prospective multicentre studies are needed to establish risk factors, long-term consequences, and adequate treatment for this rare pregnancy complication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-04023-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T05:02:55Z","timestamp":1637038975000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Postpartum septic symphysitis, a rare condition with possible long-term consequences: a cohort study with long-term follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0000-0476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Elden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika Fagevik","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasrin Farah","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa Wibeck","family":"Axelsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Sengpiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ullman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4023_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4595-x","volume":"19","author":"S Cosma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cosma S, Borella F, Carosso A, Ingala A, Fassio F, Robba T, et al. Osteomyelitis of the pubic symphysis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after vaginal delivery: a case report and literature review. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4595-x.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"4023_CR2","first-page":"321","volume":"17","author":"C Eskridge","year":"1997","unstructured":"Eskridge C, Longo S, Kwark J, Robichaux A, Begneaud W. Osteomyelitis pubis occurring after spontaneous vaginal delivery: a case presentation. J Perinatol. 1997;17(4):321\u20134.","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4023_CR3","first-page":"85","volume":"85","author":"G Lovisetti","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lovisetti G, Sala F, Battaini A, Lovisetti L, Guicciardi E. Osteomyelitis of the pubic symphysis, abscess and late disjunction after delivery. A case report. Chir Organi Mov. 2000;85(1):85\u20138.","journal-title":"Chir Organi Mov"},{"issue":"Supplement","key":"4023_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000199146.42113.0b","volume":"107","author":"K Gamble","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gamble K, Dardarian TS, Finstein J, Fox E, Sehdev H, Randall TC. Osteomyelitis of the pubic symphysis in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;107(Supplement):477\u201381.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"4023_CR5","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"I Ikpeme","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ikpeme I, Archibong A, Udoh J, Nya A, Archibong G. Chronic osteomyelitis of the pubis in the peri-partum period\u2013a rare presentation: case report and a review of the literature. Int J Third World Med. 2008;6:1\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Third World Med"},{"issue":"oct11 1","key":"4023_CR6","first-page":"bcr0120102610","volume":"2010","author":"RA Dunk","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dunk RA, Langhoff-Roos J. Osteomyelitis of the pubic symphysis after spontaneous vaginal delivery. Case Rep. 2010;2010(oct11 1):bcr0120102610.","journal-title":"Case Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"4023_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2010.01227.x","volume":"50","author":"AM Lawford","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lawford AM, Scott K, Lust K. A case of massive vulvar oedema due to septic pubic symphysitis complicating pregnancy. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2010;50(6):576\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2010.01227.x.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4023_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2015.1017561","volume":"35","author":"L Froberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Froberg L, Eckardt H. Osteomyelitis of the pubic symphysis\u2013a case report. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;35(8):862\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/01443615.2015.1017561.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4023_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gyobfe.2015.03.014","volume":"43","author":"C Hocedez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hocedez C, Pelissier A, Mosbah R, Raimond E, Gabriel R, Graesslin O. Arthrite septique de la symphyse pubienne au cours de la grossesse. Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2015;43(6):472\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gyobfe.2015.03.014.","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Fertil"},{"key":"4023_CR10","first-page":"14","volume":"16","author":"M Kehila","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kehila M, Majdoub M, Zegha D, Khedher SB, Cheour E, Mahjoub S. La symphysite pubienne du post-partum: un diagnostic difficile. Pan Afr Med J. 2013;16:14.","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"4023_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000091180.93122.1c","volume":"82","author":"JJ Ross","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ross JJ, Hu LT. Septic arthritis of the pubic symphysis. Medicine. 2003;82(5):340\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.md.0000091180.93122.1c.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"4023_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i9.672","volume":"6","author":"AG Angoules","year":"2015","unstructured":"Angoules AG. Osteitis pubis in elite athletes: diagnostic and therapeutic approach. World J Orthop. 2015;6(9):672\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5312\/wjo.v6.i9.672.","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"4023_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v8.i1.110","volume":"8","author":"K Norvilaite","year":"2020","unstructured":"Norvilaite K, Kezeviciute M, Ramasauskaite D, Arlauskiene A, Bartkeviciene D, Uvarovas V. Postpartum pubic symphysis diastasis-conservative and surgical treatment methods, incidence of complications: two case reports and a review of the literature. World J Clin Cases. 2020;8(1):110\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12998\/wjcc.v8.i1.110.","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"issue":"2","key":"4023_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00818-09","volume":"48","author":"JSJ Wong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wong JSJ, Seaward LM, Ho CP, Anderson TP, Lau EOC, Amodeo MR, et al. Corynebacterium accolens-associated pelvic osteomyelitis. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;48(2):654\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4023_CR15","first-page":"538","volume":"71","author":"NJ Jacobson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jacobson NJ, Van Demark RE, Reeves B. Osteomyelitis pubis treated with wedge resection: a case report with 26-year follow-up and literature review. S D Med. 2018;71(12):538\u201345.","journal-title":"S D Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4023_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1179\/2295333714Y.0000000067","volume":"70","author":"L Ghislain","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghislain L, Heylen A, Alexis F, Tintillier M. Septic arthritis of the pubic symphysis: an atypical abdominal pain. Acta Clin Belg. 2014;70(1):46\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/2295333714Y.0000000067.","journal-title":"Acta Clin Belg"},{"issue":"6","key":"4023_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1179\/2295333714Y.0000000059","volume":"69","author":"E Yusuf","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yusuf E, Hofer M, Steinr\u00fccken J, Trampuz A, Borens O. Septic arthritis of the pubic symphysis caused by Streptococcus mitis. Acta Clin Belg. 2014;69(6):454\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/2295333714Y.0000000059.","journal-title":"Acta Clin Belg"},{"key":"4023_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr2016216784","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-216784","volume":"2017","author":"L Cardoso","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cardoso L, Alves P, Santos F, Ross JJ. Septic arthritis of the pubic symphysis. BMJ Case Rep. 2017;2017:bcr2016216784.","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"4023_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.050989","volume":"45","author":"H Choi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Choi H, McCartney M, Best TM. Treatment of osteitis pubis and osteomyelitis of the pubic symphysis in athletes: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2008;45(1):57\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.2008.050989.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4023_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2012.03.021","volume":"68","author":"MJ Budak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Budak MJ, Oliver TB. There\u2019s a hole in my symphysis \u2014 a review of disorders causing widening, erosion, and destruction of the symphysis pubis. Clin Radiol. 2013;68(2):173\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2012.03.021.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4023_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-010-0012-2","volume":"36","author":"AH Tiemann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tiemann AH, R\u00f6hm C, Hofmann GO. Putrid infectious pubic osteitis: case report and review of the literature on the differential diagnosis and treatment of infectious pubic osteitis and inflammatory pubic osteitis. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2010;36(5):481\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-010-0012-2.","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"4023_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0602-4","volume":"17","author":"A Vleeming","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vleeming A, Albert HB, \u00d6stgaard HC, Sturesson B, Stuge B. European guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic girdle pain. Eur Spine J. 2008;17(6):794\u2013819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-008-0602-4.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"4023_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03184-4","volume":"20","author":"M Gashaw","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gashaw M, Gedlu S, Janakiraman B. Burden of pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy among women attending antenatal clinic, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20:494.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"4023_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1154-0","volume":"17","author":"H Elden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elden H, Gutke A, Kjellby-Wendt G, Fagevik-Olsen M, Ostgaard HC. Predictors and consequences of long-term pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain: a longitudinal follow-up study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016;17(1):276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-016-1154-0.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"4023_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-015-2289-z","volume":"45","author":"CX Yan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yan CX, Vautour L, Martin MH. Postpartum sacral insufficiency fractures. Skelet Radiol. 2016;45(4):413\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-015-2289-z.","journal-title":"Skelet Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4023_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.103249","volume":"182","author":"CG Brumfield","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brumfield CG, Hauth JC, Andrews WW. Puerperal infection after cesarean delivery: evaluation of a standardized protocol. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;182(5):1147\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mob.2000.103249.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"4023_CR27","unstructured":"Data from the Swedish national board on health and welfare. [https:\/\/sdb.socialstyrelsen.se\/if_mfr_004\/val.aspx]."},{"issue":"1","key":"4023_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815e7f94","volume":"33","author":"CE Dionne","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dionne CE, Dunn KM, Croft PR, Nachemson AL, Buchbinder R, Walker BF, et al. A consensus approach toward the standardization of back pain definitions for use in prevalence studies. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008;33(1):95\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815e7f94.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"7","key":"4023_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20100357","volume":"91","author":"B Stuge","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stuge B, Garratt A, Jenssen HK, Grotle M. The pelvic girdle questionnaire: a condition-specific instrument for assessing activity limitations and symptoms in people with pelvic girdle pain. Phys Ther. 2011;91(7):1096\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2522\/ptj.20100357.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"4023_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2018.1515991","volume":"42","author":"A Gutke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gutke A, Stuge B, Elden H, Sandell C, Asplin G, Ols\u00e9n MF. The Swedish version of the pelvic girdle questionnaire, cross-cultural adaptation and validation. Disabil Rehabil. 2019;42(7):1013\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638288.2018.1515991.","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"4023_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890109002087","volume":"33","author":"R Rabin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rabin R, De Charro F. EQ-5D: a measure of health status from the EuroQol group. Ann Med. 2001;33(5):337\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/07853890109002087.","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"4023_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-007-9243-z","volume":"16","author":"K Burstr\u00f6m","year":"2007","unstructured":"Burstr\u00f6m K, Johannesson M, Rehnberg C. Deteriorating health status in Stockholm 1998\u20132002: results from repeated population surveys using the EQ-5D. Qual Life Res. 2007;16(9):1547\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-007-9243-z.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"7889","key":"4023_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)90884-8","volume":"304","author":"E Huskinsson","year":"1974","unstructured":"Huskinsson E. Measurement of pain. Lancet. 1974;304(7889):1127\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)90884-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"4023_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","volume":"67","author":"AS Zigmond","year":"1983","unstructured":"Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67(6):361\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"4023_CR35","unstructured":"Swedish version of the general self-efficacy scale. Fr\u00e5n Freie Universit\u00e4t[http:\/\/userpage.fu-berlin.de\/~health\/swedish.htm]. Accessed 12 Oct 2020."},{"issue":"2","key":"4023_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00296-3","volume":"52","author":"I Bjelland","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bjelland I, Dahl AA, Haug TT, Neckelmann D. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. J Psychosom Res. 2002;52(2):69\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00296-3.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"4023_CR37","volume-title":"Self-efficacy\u2013the exercise of control","author":"A Bandura","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bandura A. Self-efficacy\u2013the exercise of control. New York: Freeman and Company; 1997."},{"issue":"4","key":"4023_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.7.4.524","volume":"7","author":"MJL Sullivan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sullivan MJL, Bishop SR, Pivik J. The pain catastrophizing scale. Psychol Assess. 1995;7(4):524\u201332.","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"5","key":"4023_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.09.34","volume":"9","author":"PJ Quartana","year":"2009","unstructured":"Quartana PJ, Campbell CM, Edwards RR. Pain catastrophizing: a critical review. Exp Rev Neurother. 2009;9(5):745\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/ern.09.34.","journal-title":"Exp Rev Neurother"},{"issue":"3","key":"4023_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2008.04.010","volume":"13","author":"IK Flink","year":"2009","unstructured":"Flink IK, Mroczek MZ, Sullivan MJ, Linton SJ. Pain in childbirth and postpartum recovery: the role of catastrophizing. Eur J Pain. 2009;13(3):312\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpain.2008.04.010.","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"4023_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2003.tb10455.x","volume":"57","author":"AJ Hakim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hakim AJ, Grahame R. A simple questionnaire to detect hypermobility: an adjunct to the assessment of patients with diffuse musculoskeletal pain. Int J Clin Pract. 2003;57(3):163\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"4023_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20100293","volume":"92","author":"CB Olsson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Olsson CB, Grooten WJA, Nilsson-Wikmar L, Harms-Ringdahl K, Lundberg M. Catastrophizing during and after pregnancy: associations with lumbopelvic pain and postpartum physical ability. Phys Ther. 2012;92(1):49\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2522\/ptj.20100293.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"4023_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-016-0537-0","volume":"14","author":"N McCaffrey","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCaffrey N, Kaambwa B, Currow DC, Ratcliffe J. Health-related quality of life measured using the EQ-5D\u20135L: south Australian population norms. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2016;14(1):133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-016-0537-0.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"5","key":"4023_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13129","DOI":"10.1111\/ecc.13129","volume":"28","author":"A Hinz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hinz A, Herzberg PY, Lordick F, Weis J, Faller H, Br\u00e4hler E, et al. Age and gender differences in anxiety and depression in cancer patients compared with the general population. Eur J Cancer Care. 2019;28(5):e13129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ecc.13129.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"4023_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494818756701","volume":"47","author":"T Bonsaksen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bonsaksen T, Lerdal A, Heir T, Ekeberg \u00d8, Skogstad L, Grimholt TK, et al. General self-efficacy in the Norwegian population: differences and similarities between sociodemographic groups. Scand J Public Health. 2018;47(7):695\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1403494818756701.","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"4023_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00219-1","volume":"99","author":"R Severeijns","year":"2002","unstructured":"Severeijns R, van den Hout MA, Vlaeyen JWS, Picavet SJH. Pain catastrophizing and general health status in a large Dutch community sample. Pain. 2002;99(1):367\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00219-1.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"7","key":"4023_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2009.01.025","volume":"46","author":"CH Wu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wu CH. Factor analysis of the general self-efficacy scale and its relationship with individualism\/collectivism among twenty-five countries: application of multilevel confirmatory factor analysis. Pers Individ Dif. 2009;46(7):699\u2013703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2009.01.025.","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"issue":"5","key":"4023_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2011.607212","volume":"34","author":"CB Olsson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Olsson CB, Nilsson-Wikmar L, Grooten WJA. Determinants for lumbopelvic pain 6 months postpartum. Disabil Rehabil. 2011;34(5):416\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09638288.2011.607212.","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"4023_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2004.11.006","volume":"6","author":"R Severeijns","year":"2005","unstructured":"Severeijns R, Vlaeyen JW, van den Hout MA, Picavet HS. Pain catastrophizing and consequences of musculoskeletal pain: a prospective study in the Dutch community. J Pain. 2005;6(2):125\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2004.11.006.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"17","key":"4023_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199509000-00009","volume":"20","author":"AC Papageorgiou","year":"1995","unstructured":"Papageorgiou AC, Croft PR, Ferry S, Jayson MIV, Silman AJ. Estimating the prevalence of low back pain in the general population. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995;20(17):1889\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-199509000-00009.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"10","key":"4023_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20150088","volume":"95","author":"F Wuytack","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wuytack F, Curtis E, Begley C. Experiences of first-time mothers with persistent pelvic girdle pain after childbirth: descriptive qualitative study. Phys Ther. 2015;95(10):1354\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2522\/ptj.20150088.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"}],"container-title":["BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12884-021-04023-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12884-021-04023-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12884-021-04023-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]],"date-time":"2023-11-12T13:17:00Z","timestamp":1699795020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12884-021-04023-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-021-04023-w","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-141287\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2393"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2393","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All women who participated in the study provided a written consent form, which was included on the first page of the questionnaire, before completing the rest of the questionnaire. The regional Ethics Committee of Gothenburg approved the study protocol on the 13th of December 2017 (Registration number: 1179\u201317).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"776"}}