{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:28:40Z","timestamp":1787740120135,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The task of modern medicine is not just to heal, but also to improve the patient\u2019s well-being and achieve non-medical goals in the therapy process that enable effective physical, mental and social functioning of the patient. Social support in difficult situations mobilizes an individual\u2019s strength and resources to cope with problems. Research on social support and women\u2019s condition after pregnancy loss reflects a holistic approach to the patient and is important from the perspective of increasing the level of hospital care.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The aim of our study was to assess the impact of social support on the psychophysical condition, health, and satisfaction with quality of life among women after miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The cross-sectional study was carried out in a group of 500 patients after miscarriage and 110 with ectopic pregnancy, hospitalized in hospitals in Lublin (Poland). The study was conducted with the use of a diagnostic survey, comprising the Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS) and an original survey questionnaire (psychophysical condition, satisfaction with health and quality of life on a scale of 1\u20134, sources of support on a scale of 1\u201310, with 1 being the poorest rating).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Respondents after miscarriage and those after ectopic pregnancy assigned the highest scores to the degree of perceived available instrumental support (respectively, miscarriage: M\u2009=\u20093.79, EP: M\u2009=\u20093.77). Women after pregnancy loss assigned the highest score to the support obtained from their partner (respectively, miscarriage: M\u2009=\u20099.26, EP: M\u2009=\u20099.23). Social support was significantly correlated with the condition of patients hospitalized as a result of pregnancy loss (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The assessment of psychophysical condition, health, and QoL of the respondents is determined by their education, financial standing, and obstetric history (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Women hospitalized due to miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy assigned high scores to the level of perceived available instrumental, emotional, and actually received social support. There is a positive relationship between social support and subjective opinion about psychophysical condition, health and satisfaction with quality of life among women after pregnancy loss. The assessment is determined by sociodemographic factors and the respondents\u2019 obstetric history.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-04093-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T11:03:52Z","timestamp":1636110232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Social support and subjective assessment of psychophysical condition, health, and satisfaction with quality of life among women after pregnancy loss"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1617-4764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gra\u017cyna","family":"Iwanowicz-Palus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4779-5125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariola","family":"Mr\u00f3z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5268-6900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Bie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2641-0510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Jurek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4093_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.19082\/2006","volume":"8","author":"M Sereshti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sereshti M, Nahidi F, Simbar M, Ahmadi F, Bakhtiari M, Zayeri M. Mothers\u2019 perception of quality of services from health centers after perinatal loss. Electron Physician. 2016;8(2):2006\u201317.","journal-title":"Electron Physician"},{"key":"4093_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4172\/2167-7182.1000239","volume":"4","author":"M Tabali","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tabali M, Ostermann T, Jeschke E, Dassen T, Heinze C. The relationship between health-related quality of life and care dependency among nursing home residents in Germany: a longitudinal study. J Gerontol Geriatr Res. 2015;4:1\u20136.","journal-title":"J Gerontol Geriatr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"4093_CR3","first-page":"115","volume":"7","author":"F Lotfi-Kashani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lotfi-Kashani F, Vaziri S, Akbari ME, Kazemi-Zanjani N, Shamkoeyan L. Predicting posttraumatic growth based upon self-efficacy and perceived social support in cancer patients. Iran J Cancer Prev. 2014;7(3):115\u201322.","journal-title":"Iran J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"4093_CR4","first-page":"189","volume":"2","author":"A Mirczak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mirczak A. Determinants of the social support among elderly people living in rural areas. Labor et Educ. 2014;2:189\u201392.","journal-title":"Labor et Educ"},{"key":"4093_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pietnoczko MK, Steuden SJ. The need for social support and the health condition of parents of children with cancer. Palliat Med Pract. 2020:11\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5603\/PMPI.2020.0014.","DOI":"10.5603\/PMPI.2020.0014"},{"key":"4093_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1037\/h0079288","volume":"61","author":"JN Lasker","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lasker JN, Toedter LJ. Acute versus chronic grief: the case of pregnancy loss. Ami J Orthopsychiatry. 1991;61:510\u201322.","journal-title":"Ami J Orthopsychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"4093_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2012.14.2\/akersting","volume":"14","author":"A Kersting","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kersting A, Wagner B. Complicated grief after perinatal loss. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2012;14(2):187\u201394.","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"4093_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2014.07.012","volume":"36","author":"DM Christiansen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Christiansen DM, Olff M, Elklit A. Parents bereaved by infant death: sex differences and moderation in PTSD, attachment, coping and social support. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2014;36(6):655\u201361.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"4093_CR9","first-page":"374","volume":"81","author":"J \u0141uczak-Wawrzyniak","year":"2010","unstructured":"\u0141uczak-Wawrzyniak J, Czarnecka-Iwa\u0144czuk M, Bukowska A, Konofalska N. Early and late psychological effects of pregnancy loss. Ginekol Pol. 2010;81(5):374\u20137.","journal-title":"Ginekol Pol"},{"key":"4093_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sun S, Li J, Ma Y, Bu H, Luo Q, Yu X. Effects of a family-support programme for pregnant women with foetal abnormalities requiring pregnancy termination: a randomized controlled trial in China. Int J Nurs Pract. 2018;24(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijn.12614.","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.12614"},{"issue":"4","key":"4093_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001935","volume":"129","author":"A Boyle","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boyle A, Preslar PP, Hogue C, Silver R, Reddy UM, et al. Route of delivery in women with stillbirth: results from the stillbirth collaborative research network. Obstet Gynecol. 2017;129(4):693\u20138.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4093_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/scs.12183","volume":"29","author":"K Raitio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raitio K, Kaunonen M, Aho AL. Evaluating a bereavement follow-up intervention for grieving mothers after the death of a child. Scand J Caring Sci. 2015;29(3):510\u201320.","journal-title":"Scand J Caring Sci"},{"key":"4093_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ellis A, Chebsey C, Storey C, Bradley S, Jackson S, Flenady V, et al. Systematic review to understand and improve care after stillbirth: a review of parents\u2019 and healthcare professionals\u2019 experiences. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016;16(16). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-016-0806-2.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-0806-2"},{"key":"4093_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1026\/\/0012-1924.49.2.73","volume":"49","author":"U Schulz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schulz U, Schwarzer R. Soziale Unterst\u00fctzung bei der Krankheitsbew\u00e4ltigung: Die Berliner Social Support Skalen (BSSS). Diagnostica. 2003;49:73\u201382.","journal-title":"Diagnostica."},{"key":"4093_CR15","unstructured":"Berlin Social Support Scales: [https:\/\/www.midss.org\/sites\/default\/files\/berlin_social_support_scales_english_items_by_scale.pdf]."},{"issue":"2","key":"4093_CR16","first-page":"39","volume":"25","author":"K Konczelska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Konczelska K, Sikora J. Potraumatyczny wzrost, wsparcie spo\u0142eczne i zdrowie psychiczne w sytuacji do\u015bwiadczenia \u015bmierci dziecka [Post-traumatic growth, social suport and mental health after child loss]. Humanum. 2017;25(2):39\u201351.","journal-title":"Humanum."},{"issue":"2","key":"4093_CR17","first-page":"119","volume":"19","author":"MM El Sayed Gaafar","year":"2017","unstructured":"El Sayed Gaafar MM, El Habashy MM. Anxiety, social support and quality of life of pregnant women after previous abortion. ASNJ. 2017;19(2):119\u201330.","journal-title":"ASNJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"4093_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13009","volume":"121","author":"V Flenady","year":"2014","unstructured":"Flenady V, Boyle F, Koopmans L, Wilson T, Stones W, Cacciatore J. Meeting the needs of parents after a stillbirth or neonatal death. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2014;121(4):137\u201340.","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4093_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-007-0277-x","volume":"43","author":"TW Strine","year":"2008","unstructured":"Strine TW, Chapman DP, Balluz L, Mokdad AH. Health-related quality of life and health behaviors by social and emotional support. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2008;43(2):151\u20139.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4093_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1097\/JNN.0000000000000503","volume":"52","author":"G D\u0119bska","year":"2020","unstructured":"D\u0119bska G, Milaniak I, Skorupska-Kr\u00f3l A. The quality of life as a predictor of social support for multiple sclerosis patients and caregivers. J Neurosci Nurs. 2020;52(3):106\u201311.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Nurs"},{"issue":"12","key":"4093_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4240","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17124240","volume":"17","author":"M Sitjar-Su\u00f1er","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sitjar-Su\u00f1er M, Su\u00f1er-Soler R, Masi\u00e0-Plana A, Chirveches-P\u00e9rez E, Bertran-Noguer C, Fuentes-Pumarola C. Quality of life and social support of people on peritoneal dialysis: mixed methods research. J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(12):4240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17124240.","journal-title":"J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"4093_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1080\/095401200750003842","volume":"12","author":"YM Bastardo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bastardo YM, Kimberlin CL. Relationship between quality of life, social support and disease-related factors in HIV-infected persons in Venezuela. AIDS Care. 2000;12(5):673\u201384.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"4093_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2015.10.029","volume":"99","author":"J Koetsenruijtera","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koetsenruijtera J, Eikelenbooma N, Lieshouta J, Vassilev I, Lionis C, Todorova E, et al. Social support and selfmanagement capabilities in diabetes patients: an international observational study. Patient Educ Couns. 2016;99:638\u201342.","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"4093_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bellhouse C, Temple-Smith MJ, Jade E, Bilardi JE. \u201cIt\u2019s just one of those things people don\u2019t seem to talk about...\u201d women\u2019s experiences of social support following miscarriage: a qualitative study. BMC Womens Health. 2018;18(176). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-018-0672-3.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-018-0672-3"},{"key":"4093_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3729.2010.00601.x","volume":"59","author":"J Song","year":"2010","unstructured":"Song J, Floyd FJ, Seltzer MM, Greenberg JS, Hong J. Long-term effects of child death on parents\u2019 health-related quality of life: a dyadic analysis. Fam Relat. 2010;59:269\u201382.","journal-title":"Fam Relat"},{"issue":"4","key":"4093_CR26","first-page":"182","volume":"8","author":"E Mess","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mess E, Bartoszczyk I, Jerczak BJ. Por\u00f3d martwego dziecka. Sytuacja kobiety rodz\u0105cej w Polsce w \u015bwietle badania ankietowego [Stillbirth. Situation of polish women in labour in light of a survey questionnaire]. Med Paliat. 2016;8(4):182\u20135.","journal-title":"Med Paliat"},{"issue":"1","key":"4093_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-018-0982-z","volume":"16","author":"Z Tavoli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tavoli Z, Mohammadi M, Tavoli A, Moini A, Effatpanah M, Khedmat L, et al. Quality of life and psychological distress in women with recurrent miscarriage: a comparative study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2018;16(1):150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-018-0982-z.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"10","key":"4093_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13061","volume":"42","author":"Z Abbaspoor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abbaspoor Z. Relation between quality of life and mental health in pregnant women with prior pregnancy loss: QoL, mental health and pregnancy loss. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2016;42(10):1290\u20136.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4093_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12432","volume":"141","author":"P Soma-Pillay","year":"2018","unstructured":"Soma-Pillay P, Makin JD, Pattinson RD. Quality of life 1 year after a maternal near-miss event. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2018;141(1):133\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"4","key":"4093_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1348\/147608306X96992","volume":"79","author":"F Serrano","year":"2006","unstructured":"Serrano F, Lima ML. Recurrent miscarriage: psychological and relational consequences for couples. Psychol Psychother Theory Res Pract. 2006;79(4):585\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1348\/147608306X96992.","journal-title":"Psychol Psychother Theory Res Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"4093_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1202","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3081","volume":"125","author":"KJ Gold","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gold KJ, Sen A, Hayward RA. Marriage and cohabitation outcomes after pregnancy loss. Pediatrics. 2010;125(5):e1202\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2009-3081.","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"4093_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-020-00350-5","volume":"22","author":"B Huss","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huss B. Well-being before and after pregnancy termination: the consequences of abortion and miscarriage on satisfaction with various domains of life. J Happiness Stud. 2021;22:2803\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10902-020-00350-5.","journal-title":"J Happiness Stud"}],"container-title":["BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12884-021-04093-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12884-021-04093-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12884-021-04093-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T11:06:27Z","timestamp":1636110387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12884-021-04093-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-021-04093-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2393"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2393","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 November 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee (The Bioethics Committee of the Medical University of Lublin (KE-0254\/221\/2016) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.Written consent to participate in the study was obtained from the patients after discussing its course and purpose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declares that they have no competing interests in this section.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"750"}}