{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T19:54:28Z","timestamp":1779306868187,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693267200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health Service Extension Project of Chongqing, China","award":["2021jstg027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021jstg027"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the clinical features of renal damage related to pregnancy and pregnancy after chronic kidney disease (CKD), providing clinical evidence for the relationship between renal damage and pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis was performed on patients admitted to our hospital between March 2013 and February 2021 who had both pregnancy and kidney damage. The study collected pathology results from renal biopsies, 24-hour urinary protein quantity, albumin (Alb), serum creatinine (Scr), blood lipids, coagulation function, blood routine, and other indicators during and after pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included 82 cases, with 48 cases in the pregnancy-related renal damage group. Thirty-four cases were in the post-CKD pregnancy group. Of the patients, 30 cases (88.24%) had CKD stage 1\u20132. Results showed better pregnancy and fetal outcomes in the post-CKD pregnancy group compared to the pregnancy-related renal damage group (\u03a1 was 0.029 and 0.036, respectively). Renal biopsy pathology revealed that 16 cases (33.33%) in the pregnancy-related renal damage group mainly had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), while the post-CKD pregnancy group was dominated by 14 cases (43.75%) of IgA nephropathy. The first blood test indicators revealed that the pregnancy-related renal damage group had lower estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) and Alb levels compared to the post-CKD pregnancy group (\u03a1 was 0.003 and 0.000, respectively). Additionally, 24-hour urinary protein quantity, total cholesterol (Tch), triglyceride (TG), and platelet (PLT) counts were higher in the pregnancy-related renal damage group compared to the post-CKD pregnancy group (\u03a1 was 0.005, 0.001, 0.008, and 0.031, respectively). The abnormal rate of Scr during pregnancy was 41.67% (20\/48) in the pregnancy-related renal damage group and 17.39% (4\/23) in the post-CKD pregnancy group, with a statistically significant difference (\u03a1 was 0.043).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pregnancy-related renal damage group is mainly associated with FSGS, while the post-CKD pregnancy group is characterized by IgA nephropathy. Patients with CKD1-2 can have a successful pregnancy after achieving good control of eGFR, albumin, 24-hour urinary protein quantity and other indicators, resulting in better pregnancy and fetal outcomes. Abnormal Scr levels during pregnancy of pregnancy-related renal damage can be improved within 3 months after delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-05941-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T09:03:04Z","timestamp":1693299784000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical features and prognosis of pregnancy-related renal damage and pregnancy after chronic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bingbing","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huhai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongwen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"5941_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.05.021","volume":"100","author":"Kidney Disease","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kidney Disease. Improving global outcomes (KDIGO) glomerular Diseases Work Group. KDIGO 2021 clinical practice guideline for the management of glomerular diseases. Kidney Int. 2021;100:1\u2013S276.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"5941_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2018.07.009","volume":"53","author":"T Ruffin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ruffin T. Pharmacologic renal therapy. Nurs Clin North Am. 2018;53:491\u20137.","journal-title":"Nurs Clin North Am"},{"key":"5941_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"K4891","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k4891","volume":"364","author":"JT Poston","year":"2019","unstructured":"Poston JT, Koyner JL. Sepsis associated acute kidney injury. BMJ. 2019;364:K4891.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5941_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2017.05.010","volume":"37","author":"B Jim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jim B, Garovic VD. Acute kidney injury in pregnancy. Semin Nephrol. 2017;37:378\u201385.","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"5941_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-017-0440-8","volume":"30","author":"F Fakhouri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fakhouri F, Deltombe C. Pregnancy-related acute kidney injury in high income countries: still a critical issue. J Nephrol. 2017;30:767\u201371.","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"5941_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-019-1255-8","volume":"20","author":"D Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu D, He W, Li Y, et al. Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in hospitalized pregnant women in China. BMC Nephrol. 2019;20:67.","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"5941_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-018-0864-y","volume":"19","author":"GB Piccoli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Piccoli GB, Alrukhaimi M, Liu ZH, et al. What we do and do not know about women and kidney diseases; questions unanswered and answers unquestioned: reflection on world kidney day and international woman\u2019s day. BMC Nephrol. 2018;19:66.","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5941_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003256","volume":"133","author":"D Hui","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hui D, Hladunewich MA. Chronic kidney disease and pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;133(6):1182\u201394.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5941_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2018.03.001","volume":"65","author":"APP Calimag-Loyola","year":"2019","unstructured":"Calimag-Loyola APP, Lerma EV. Renal complications during pregnancy: in the hypertension spectrum. Dis Mon. 2019;65:25\u201344.","journal-title":"Dis Mon"},{"key":"5941_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21299","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00670-3","volume":"11","author":"J Dvo\u0159\u00e1k","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dvo\u0159\u00e1k J, Kouck\u00fd M, Jan\u010dov\u00e1 E, et al. Chronic kidney disease and pregnancy outcomes. Sci Rep. 2021;11:21299.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5941_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2012.73","volume":"3","author":"A Levin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Levin A, Stevens P, Bilous RW, et al. Kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) CKD work group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2013;3:1\u2013150.","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"5941_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2015.08.003","volume":"32","author":"A Balofsky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Balofsky A, Fedarau M. Renal failure in pregnancy. Crit Care Clin. 2016;32:73\u201383.","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"5941_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000000693","volume":"110","author":"A Koratala","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koratala A, Bhattacharya D, Kazory A. Chronic kidney disease in pregnancy. South Med J. 2017;110:578\u201385.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"5941_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfx061","volume":"33","author":"S Park","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park S, Yoo KD, Park JS, et al. Pregnancy in women with immunoglobulin A nephropathy: are obstetrical complications associated with renal prognosis? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018;33:459\u201365.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"5941_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.10.037","volume":"226","author":"S Al Khalaf","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al Khalaf S, Bodunde E, Maher GM, et al. Chronic kidney disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;226:656\u2013670e32.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5941_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfu103","volume":"7","author":"P Hamilton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hamilton P, Myers J, Gillham J, et al. Urinary protein selectivity in nephrotic syndrome and pregnancy: resurrection of a biomarker when renal biopsy is contraindicated. Clin Kidney J. 2014;7:595\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"5941_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1053865","volume":"29","author":"S Kwiatkowski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kwiatkowski S, Kwiatkowska E, Rzepka R, et al. Development of a focal segmental glomerulosclerosis after pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia: case report and review of literature. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29:1566\u20139.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"5941_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.12.019","volume":"91","author":"I De Castro","year":"2017","unstructured":"De Castro I, Easterling TR, Bansal N, et al. Nephrotic syndrome in pregnancy poses risks with both maternal and fetal complications. Kidney Int. 2017;91:1464\u201372.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"5941_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.09250914","volume":"10","author":"JJ Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang JJ, Ma XX, Hao L, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes of pregnancy in CKD and CKD outcomes in pregnancy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;10:1964\u201378.","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"5941_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.10.082","volume":"109","author":"H Moghaddas Sani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moghaddas Sani H, Zununi Vahed S, Ardalan M. Preeclampsia: a close look at renal dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;109:408\u201316.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"5941_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1159\/000435789","volume":"130","author":"C Deltas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Deltas C, Savva I, Voskarides K, et al. Carriers of autosomal recessive alport syndrome with thin basement membrane nephropathy presenting as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in later life. Nephron. 2015;130:271\u201380.","journal-title":"Nephron"}],"container-title":["BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12884-023-05941-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12884-023-05941-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12884-023-05941-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T19:17:08Z","timestamp":1700335028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12884-023-05941-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5941"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-023-05941-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2732205\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2393"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2393","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The Ethics Committee of the first affiliated hospital of Army Medical University, PLA approved all protocols. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulation. All the patients signed the informed consents for the use of their information.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"619"}}