{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T02:41:47Z","timestamp":1773801707998,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711324800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["197305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["197305"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["197305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["197305"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["197305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["197305"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Being exposed to crises during pregnancy can affect maternal health through stress exposure, which can in return impact neonatal health. We investigated temporal trends in neonatal outcomes in Switzerland between 2007 and 2022 and their variations depending on exposure to the economic crisis of 2008, the flu pandemic of 2009, heatwaves (2015 and 2018) and the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Using individual cross-sectional data encompassing all births occurring in Switzerland at the monthly level (2007-2022), we analysed changes in birth weight and in the rates of preterm birth (PTB) and stillbirth through time with generalized additive models. We assessed whether the intensity or length of crisis exposure was associated with variations in these outcomes. Furthermore, we explored effects of exposure depending on trimesters of pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Over 1.2 million singleton births were included in our analyses. While birth weight and the rate of stillbirth have remained stable since 2007, the rate of PTB has declined by one percentage point. Exposure to the crises led to different results, but effect sizes were overall small. Exposure to COVID-19, irrespective of the pregnancy trimester, was associated with a higher birth weight (+12 grams [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.5 to 17.9 grams]). Being exposed to COVID-19 during the last trimester was associated with an increased risk of stillbirth (odds ratio 1.24 [95%CI 1.02 to 1.50]). Exposure to the 2008 economic crisis during pregnancy was not associated with any changes in neonatal health outcomes, while heatwave effect was difficult to interpret.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Overall, maternal and neonatal health demonstrated resilience to the economic crisis and to the COVID-19 pandemic in a high-income country like Switzerland. However, the effect of exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic is dual, and the negative impact of maternal infection on pregnancy is well-documented. Stress exposure and economic constraint may also have had adverse effects among the most vulnerable subgroups of Switzerland. To investigate better the impact of heatwave exposure on neonatal health, weekly or daily-level data is needed, instead of monthly-level data.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-024-06414-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T14:01:30Z","timestamp":1711375290000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Health of singleton neonates in Switzerland through time and crises: a cross-sectional study at the population level, 2007-2022"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9495-4822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathilde","family":"Le Vu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5263-3542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarina L.","family":"Matthes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6367-5791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Brabec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3808-2852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien","family":"Riou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0932-4792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronika W.","family":"Skrivankova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"H\u00f6sli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2215-1200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Rohrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3951-1807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaspar","family":"Staub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"6414_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. Goals. 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. 2015.\u00a0https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/goals\/goal3.\u00a0"},{"key":"6414_CR2","unstructured":"WHO. Global Nutrition Monitoring Framework: Operational for Tracking Progress in Meeting Targets for 2025. 2017."},{"key":"6414_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.301.6761.1111","volume":"301","author":"D Barker","year":"1990","unstructured":"Barker D. The fetal and infant origins of adult disease. BMJ. 1990;301:1111.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"6414_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011609","volume":"53","author":"DJP Barker","year":"1997","unstructured":"Barker DJP. Fetal nutrition and cardiovascular disease in later life. Br Med Bull. 1997;53:96\u2013108.","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"6414_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ward, W. P. Birth Weight as an Indicator of Human Welfare. in The Oxford Handbook of Economics and Human Biology 621\u2013632 (Oxford University Press). 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199389292.013.33.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199389292.013.33"},{"key":"6414_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.82.3.378","volume":"82","author":"AJ Wilcox","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wilcox AJ, Skcerven R. Birth Weight and Perinatal Mortality: The Effect of Gestational Age. Am J Public Health. 1992;82:378\u201382.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"6414_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199904223401603","volume":"340","author":"D Mc Intire","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mc Intire D, Bloom S, Casey B, Leveno K. Birth weight in relation to morbidity and mortality among newborn infants. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:1234\u20138.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"6414_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-046884-6.01523-2","volume":"12","author":"AN Richardson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Richardson AN, Pollak EA, Williams D, Smith MA. Intrauterine Infection. Comprehensive Toxicol Sec Edit. 2010;12:239\u201358 (Elsevier Inc.).","journal-title":"Comprehensive Toxicol Sec Edit"},{"key":"6414_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2005.04.006","volume":"32","author":"RL Goldenberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Johnson DC. Maternal infection and adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes. Clin Perinatol. 2005;32:523\u201359.","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"6414_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e3181eb6620","volume":"53","author":"EM McClure","year":"2010","unstructured":"McClure EM, Dudley DJ, Reddy UM, Goldenberg RL. Infectious causes of stillbirth: a clinical perspective. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2010;53:635\u201345.","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6414_CR11","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Preterm birth. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/preterm-birth (2023)."},{"key":"6414_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4","volume":"371","author":"RL Goldenberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Iams JD, Romero R. Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. Lancet. 2008;371:75\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"6414_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuchs F, Monet B, Ducruet T, Chaillet N, Audibert F. Effect of maternal age on the risk of preterm birth: a large cohort study. PLoS One. 13(1):e0191002.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191002"},{"key":"6414_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2023.01.019","volume":"282","author":"T van Winden","year":"2023","unstructured":"van Winden T, et al. Impact of ethnicity and neighborhood deprivation on preterm birth: How does urban living play a role? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2023;282:94\u2013100.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"736","key":"6414_CR15","first-page":"e1","volume":"228","author":"NA Mensah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mensah NA, et al. Examining recent trends in spontaneous and iatrogenic preterm birth across race and ethnicity in a large managed care population. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;228(736):e1-736.e15.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6414_CR16","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Born Too Soon: Decade of Action on Preterm Birth. 2023."},{"key":"6414_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oken, E. Secular trends in birthweight. in Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series. 2013; 71: 103\u2013114 (S. Karger AG,).","DOI":"10.1159\/000342576"},{"key":"6414_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03819-0","volume":"21","author":"N Kato","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kato N, Sauvaget C, Yoshida H, Yokoyama T, Yoshiike N. Factors associated with birthweight decline in Japan (1980\u20132004). BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21:337.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"6414_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001211","volume":"31","author":"E\u00d8 Carlsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carlsen E\u00d8, et al. Stumped by the Hump: The Curious Rise and Fall of Norwegian Birthweights, 1991\u20132007. Epidemiology. 2020;31:587\u201394.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"6414_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuster, V. & Santos, C. Determinants of Birth Weight in Portugal: 1988 to 2011. J Biol Clin Anthropol. 2016; 73.","DOI":"10.1127\/anthranz\/2015\/0541"},{"key":"6414_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F264","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-311790","volume":"103","author":"RE Ghosh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ghosh RE, Berild JD, Sterrantino AF, Toledano MB, Hansell AL. Birth weight trends in England and Wales (1986\u20132012): babies are getting heavier. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2018;103:F264\u201370.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"6414_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12281","volume":"120","author":"J Zeitlin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zeitlin J, et al. Preterm birth time trends in Europe: A study of 19 countries. BJOG. 2013;120:1356\u201365.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"6414_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2005.00765.x","volume":"84","author":"NH Morken","year":"2005","unstructured":"Morken NH, K\u00e4llen K, Hagberg H, Jacobsson B. Preterm birth in Sweden 1973\u20132001: Rate, subgroups, and effect of changing patterns in multiple births, maternal age, and smoking. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2005;84:558\u201365.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"6414_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.9635","volume":"316","author":"JL Richards","year":"2016","unstructured":"Richards JL, et al. Temporal trends in late preterm and early term birthrates in 6 high-income countries in North America and Europe and association with clinician-initiated obstetric interventions. JAMA. 2016;316:410\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"6414_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60820-4","volume":"379","author":"H Blencowe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blencowe H, et al. National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: a systematic analysis and implications. Lancet. 2012;379:2162\u201372.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"6414_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.018","volume":"179","author":"EB Schneider","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schneider EB. Fetal health stagnation: Have health conditions in utero improved in the United States and Western and Northern Europe over the past 150 years? Soc Sci Med. 2017;179:18\u201326.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"6414_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hug L. et al. Articles Global, Regional, and National Estimates and Trends in Stillbirths from 2000 to 2019: A Systematic Assessment. 2021; 398. www.thelancet.com.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01112-0"},{"key":"6414_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2017.02.003","volume":"22","author":"T Norris","year":"2017","unstructured":"Norris T, Manktelow BN, Smith LK, Draper ES. Causes and temporal changes in nationally collected stillbirth audit data in high-resource settings. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017;22:118\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.siny.2017.02.003.","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"6414_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kayode GA, et al. Temporal trends in stillbirth over eight decades in England and Wales: a longitudinal analysis of over 56 million births and lives saved by improvements in maternity care. J Glob Health. 2022;12:04072.","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.12.04072"},{"key":"6414_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Keasley J, Blickwedel J & Quenby S. Adverse effects of exposure to armed conflict on pregnancy: a systematic review. BMJ Global Health. 2017; 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000377.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000377"},{"key":"6414_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19042412","volume":"19","author":"S Syed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Syed S, O\u2019Sullivan TL, Phillips KP. Extreme heat and pregnancy outcomes: a scoping review of the epidemiological evidence. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:2412.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"6414_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-022-00870-y","volume":"21","author":"M Richards","year":"2022","unstructured":"Richards M, et al. Acute association between heatwaves and stillbirth in six US states. Environ Health. 2022;21:59.","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"6414_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McElroy S, Ilango S, Dimitrova A, Gershunov A, Benmarhnia T. Extreme heat, preterm birth, and stillbirth: a global analysis across 14 lower-middle income countries. Environ Int. 2022;158:106902.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106902"},{"key":"6414_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chersich MF, et al. Associations between high temperatures in pregnancy and risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirths: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;371:m3811.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3811"},{"key":"6414_CR35","first-page":"147","volume":"2","author":"M Abubakar Kana","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abubakar Kana M, Correia S, Peleteiro B, Severo M, Barros H. Impact of the global financial crisis on low birth weight in Portugal: a time-trend analysis. BMJ Glob Health. 2017;2:147.","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"6414_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60251-8","volume":"383","author":"G Michas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Michas G, Varytimiadi A, Chasiotis I, Micha R. Maternal and child mortality in Greece. Lancet. 2014;383:691\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60251-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"6414_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmp059","volume":"16","author":"ICE Margerison-Zilko","year":"2010","unstructured":"Margerison-Zilko ICE. Economic contraction and birth outcomes: An integrative review. Hum Reprod Update. 2010;16:445\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humupd\/dmp059.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"6414_CR38","first-page":"70","volume":"76","author":"Z Stein","year":"1945","unstructured":"Stein Z, Susser M. The Dutch Famine, 1944\u20131945, and the Reproductive Process. I Effects Six Indices Birth. 1945;76:70\u20136.","journal-title":"I. Effects Six Indices Birth"},{"key":"6414_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn096","volume":"34","author":"AS Brown","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brown AS, Susser ES. Prenatal nutritional deficiency and risk of adult schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bull. 2008;34:1054\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbn096.","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bull"},{"key":"6414_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2020.07.003","volume":"100","author":"C Butie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Butie C, Matthes KL, H\u00f6sli I, Floris J, Staub K. Impact of World War 1 on placenta weight, birth weight and other anthropometric parameters of neonatal health. Placenta. 2020;100:150\u20138.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"6414_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300008279","volume":"49","author":"A Reid","year":"2005","unstructured":"Reid A. The effects of the 1918\u20131919 influenza pandemic on infant and child health in Derbyshire. Med Hist. 2005;49:29\u201354.","journal-title":"Med Hist"},{"key":"6414_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1086\/507154","volume":"114","author":"D Almond","year":"2006","unstructured":"Almond D. Is the 1918 Influenza Pandemic Over? Long-term effects of In utero influenza exposure in the post-1940 U.S. population. J Polit Econ. 2006;114:672\u2013712.","journal-title":"J Polit Econ"},{"key":"6414_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2014.05.004","volume":"37","author":"M-J Lin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lin M-J, Liu EM. Does in utero exposure to Illness matter? The 1918 influenzaepidemic in Taiwan as a natural experiment. J Health Econ. 2014;37:152\u201363.","journal-title":"J Health Econ"},{"key":"6414_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-021-01070-6","volume":"18","author":"B Kotlar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kotlar B, Gerson E, Petrillo S, Langer A, Tiemeier H. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal health: a scoping review. Reprod Health. 2021;18:10 (BioMed Central).","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"6414_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4014","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2020.1843155","volume":"35","author":"K Hessami","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hessami K, Romanelli C, Chiurazzi M, Cozzolino M. COVID-19 pandemic and maternal mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Matern-Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022;35:4014\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14767058.2020.1843155.","journal-title":"J Matern-Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"6414_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4414\/SMW.2021.w30009","volume":"151","author":"V Lambelet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lambelet V, et al. Impact of the covid-19 pandemic on swiss pregnant and breastfeeding women - a cross-sectional study covering the first pandemic wave. Swiss Med Wkly. 2021;151:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"6414_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2023.04.009","volume":"220","author":"XD Yao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yao XD, Li Y, Jiang H, Ma J, Wen J. COVID-19 pandemic and neonatal birth weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health. 2023;220:10\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2023.04.009.","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"6414_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e849","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30565-5","volume":"7","author":"H Blencowe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Blencowe H, et al. National, regional, and worldwide estimates of low birthweight in 2015, with trends from 2000: a systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7:e849\u201360.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"6414_CR49","unstructured":"Federal Statistical Office. Infant mortality, stillbirths. 2022,\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/www.bfs.admin.ch\/bfs\/en\/home\/statistiken\/gesundheit\/gesundheitszustand\/sterblichkeit-todesursachen\/saeuglings-totgeburten.html#accordion1685107995179."},{"key":"6414_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skrivankova V. et al. Spatial epidemiology of gestational age and birth weight in Switzerland: Census-based linkage study. BMJ Open. 2019; 9.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027834"},{"key":"6414_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40057","DOI":"10.57187\/smw.2023.40057","volume":"153","author":"KL Matthes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Matthes KL. Long-term mortality effects of century crises: A warning from the past for the decades after COVID-19? Swiss Med Wkly. 2023;153:40057.","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"6414_CR52","unstructured":"Federal Statistical Office. Swiss official commune register. https:\/\/www.bfs.admin.ch\/bfs\/en\/home\/basics\/swiss-official-commune-register.html."},{"key":"6414_CR53","unstructured":"Federal Statistical Office. Structure de la population r\u00e9sidante permanente selon le canton, de 1999 \u00e0 2022. 2023.\u00a0https:\/\/www.bfs.admin.ch\/bfs\/fr\/home\/statistiques\/population\/effectif-evolution.assetdetail.26565149.html."},{"key":"6414_CR54","unstructured":"The Federal Assembly of the Swiss Confederation. Federal Act on Data Protection, 235.1. AS vol. 3387. 1992."},{"key":"6414_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2008.03.011","volume":"59","author":"E Donoso","year":"2008","unstructured":"Donoso E, Carvajal JA. Maternal, perinatal and infant outcome of spontaneous pregnancy in the sixth decade of life. Maturitas. 2008;59:381\u20136.","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"6414_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2010.00409.x","volume":"37","author":"H Bayrampour","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bayrampour H, Heaman M. Advanced maternal age and the risk of cesarean birth: a systematic review. Birth. 2010;37:219\u201326.","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"6414_CR57","unstructured":"Swiss Federal Statistical Office. Formular Gestationsalter. 2006."},{"key":"6414_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40028","DOI":"10.57187\/smw.2023.40028","volume":"153","author":"R Panczak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Panczak R, Berlin C, Voorpostel M, Zwahlen M, Egger M. The Swiss neighbourhood index of socioeconomic position: update and re-validation. Swiss Med Wkly. 2023;153:40028.","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"6414_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Imfeld N et al. Hot and dry summers in Switzerlandd. Causes and impacts of the record summers 1947, 2003, and 2018. Geographica Bernensia. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4480\/GB2022.G98.03.","DOI":"10.4480\/GB2022.G98.03"},{"key":"6414_CR60","unstructured":"State Secretariat for Economic Affairs SECO. Gross domestic product quarterly data. 2023.\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/www.seco.admin.ch\/seco\/en\/home\/wirtschaftslage---wirtschaftspolitik\/Wirtschaftslage\/bip-quartalsschaetzungen-\/daten.html."},{"key":"6414_CR61","unstructured":"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Gesundheit BAG, Bulletin. 20\/10;20:535\u201343."},{"key":"6414_CR62","unstructured":"Federal Office of Public Health. COVID-\u206019 Switzerland, Information on the current situation. https:\/\/www.covid19.admin.ch\/en\/epidemiologic\/case?epiZoomDev=2020-02-24_2023-01-16."},{"key":"6414_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem151","volume":"22","author":"I Delbaere","year":"2007","unstructured":"Delbaere I, et al. Should we adjust for gestational age when analysing birth weights? The use of z-scores revisited. Hum Reprod. 2007;22:2080\u20133.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"6414_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1n MA, Hern\u00e1ndez-D\u00edaz S, Werler MM & Mitcheil AA. Causal knowledge as a prerequisite for confounding evaluation: an application to birth defects epidemiology. 2002; 155 https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article\/155\/2\/176\/108106.","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.2.176"},{"key":"6414_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Skrivankova VW. et al. Sociodemographic and regional differences in neonatal and infant mortality in Switzerland: The Swiss National Cohort. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.09.19.23295765.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.09.19.23295765"},{"key":"6414_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-011-0054-z","volume":"48","author":"F Torche","year":"2011","unstructured":"Torche F. The effect of maternal stress on birth outcomes: exploiting a natural experiment. Demography. 2011;48:1473\u201391.","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"6414_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001044","volume":"30","author":"DE Goin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goin DE, et al. Exposure to community homicide during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: a within-community matched design. Epidemiology. 2019;30:713\u201322.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"6414_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20293","volume":"50","author":"LM Ellman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ellman LM, et al. Timing of fetal exposure to stress hormones: Effects on newborn physical and neuromuscular maturation. Dev Psychobiol. 2008;50:232\u201341.","journal-title":"Dev Psychobiol"},{"key":"6414_CR69","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. 2023. Preprint at https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"6414_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315370279","author":"SN Wood","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wood SN. General Addit Models. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9781315370279.","journal-title":"General Addit Models"},{"key":"6414_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.120487","volume":"186","author":"H Yang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yang H, et al. How does early ultrasound scan estimation of gestational age lead to higher rates of preterm birth? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;186:433\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6414_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Modzelewska D, et al. Changes in data management contribute to temporal variation in gestational duration distribution in the Swedish Medical Birth Registry. PLoS One. 2020;15(11):e0241911.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241911"},{"key":"6414_CR73","unstructured":"Swiss Federal Statistical Office. Reproductive health. https:\/\/www.bfs.admin.ch\/bfs\/en\/home\/statistics\/health\/state-health\/reproductive-health.html."},{"key":"6414_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13526","volume":"123","author":"AP Betran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Betran AP, Torloni MR, Zhang JJ, G\u00fclmezoglu AM. WHO statement on caesarean section rates. BJOG. 2016;123:667\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.13526.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"6414_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Geyter C. Single embryo transfer in all infertile couples treated with assisted reproduction produces excellent results and avoids multiple births. Swiss Med Wkly. 2021;151:w20499.","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2021.20499"},{"key":"6414_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-015-3795-x","volume":"293","author":"C Schwarz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schwarz C, et al. Temporal trends in fetal mortality at and beyond term and induction of labor in Germany 2005\u20132012: data from German routine perinatal monitoring. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2016;293:335\u201343.","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"6414_CR77","unstructured":"Office f\u00e9d\u00e9ral de la statistique. Taux de ch\u00f4meurs par canton. Valeurs mensuelles. 2023.\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/www.bfs.admin.ch\/bfs\/fr\/home\/statistiques\/travail-remuneration\/chomage-sous-emploi\/chomeurs-inscrits-seco.assetdetail.28405863.html."},{"key":"6414_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14206","volume":"100","author":"J Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang J, et al. COVID-19 pandemic and population-level pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: a living systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2021;100:1756\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aogs.14206.","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"6414_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-023-01522-y","volume":"7","author":"C Calvert","year":"2023","unstructured":"Calvert C, et al. Changes in preterm birth and stillbirth during COVID-19 lockdowns in 26 countries. Nat Hum Behav. 2023;7:529\u201344.","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"6414_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams M, et al. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on incidence, treatment and outcome of very preterm born infants in Switzerland: a retrospective, population-based cohort study. Swiss Med Wkly. 2022;152:w30174.","DOI":"10.4414\/SMW.2022.w30174"},{"key":"6414_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dandona R, Kumar GA, Akbar M, Dora SSP, Dandona L. Substantial increase in stillbirth rate during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from a population-based study in the Indian state of Bihar. BMJ Glob Health. 2023;8:e013021.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2023-013021"},{"key":"6414_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2022-0029-SA","volume":"146","author":"DA Schwartz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schwartz DA, et al. Placental Tissue Destruction and Insufficiency From COVID-19 Causes Stillbirth and Neonatal Death From Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury: A Study of 68 Cases With SARS-CoV-2 Placentitis From 12 Countries. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2022;146:660\u201376.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"6414_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12746","volume":"324","author":"A Khalil","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khalil A, et al. Change in the Incidence of Stillbirth and Preterm Delivery during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA. 2020;324:705\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.12746.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"6414_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Knegt VE, et al. The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on birthweight among singleton term birth in Denmark. PLoS One. 2023;18(4):e0283909.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283909"},{"key":"6414_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kotlar B, Gerson E, Petrillo S, Langer A, Tiemeier H. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal health: a scoping review. Reprod Health. 2021;18:10 (BioMed Central).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-021-01070-6"},{"key":"6414_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allotey J, et al. Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;370:m3320.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3320"},{"key":"6414_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Simbar, M., Nazarpour, S. & Sheidaei, A. Evaluation of pregnancy outcomes in mothers with COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2023; 43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01443615.2022.2162867.","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2022.2162867"},{"key":"6414_CR88","unstructured":"Rytz R, Surbek D, Baud D & Ochsenbein N. Recommandation de La SSGO\u202f: Vaccination Contre Le COVID-19 Pendant La Grossesse et l\u2019allaitement. 2021."},{"key":"6414_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/padr.12544","author":"T Sobotka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sobotka T, et al. Pandemic roller-coaster? Birth trends in higher-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Popul Dev Rev. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/padr.12544.","journal-title":"Popul Dev Rev"},{"key":"6414_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flenady V. et al. Major risk factors for stillbirth in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2011; 377. www.thelancet.com.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62233-7"},{"key":"6414_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349.2010.486827","volume":"89","author":"PS Shah","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shah PS. Parity and low birth weight and preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2010;89:862\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00016349.2010.486827.","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"6414_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckq004","volume":"20","author":"SF Villadsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Villadsen SF, et al. Cross-country variation in stillbirth and neonatal mortality in offspring of Turkish migrants in northern Europe. Eur J Public Health. 2010;20:530\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"6414_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"de Sadovsky ADI, Mascarello KC, Miranda AE & Silveira MF. The associations that income, education, and ethnicity have with birthweight and prematurity: how close are they? Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica\/Pan Am J Public Health. 2018; 42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26633\/RPSP.2018.92.","DOI":"10.26633\/RPSP.2018.92"},{"key":"6414_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-8-1","volume":"8","author":"WJ Kierans","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kierans WJ, et al. Does one size fit all? The case for ethnic-specific standards of fetal growth. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2008;8:1.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"6414_CR95","unstructured":"Buekens P, Masuy-Stroobant G & Delvaux T. High Birthweights among Infants of North African Immigrants in Belgium."},{"key":"6414_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira PP da S, da Mata FAF, Figueiredo ACG, de Andrade KRC & Pereira MG. Maternal active smoking during pregnancy and low birth weight in the Americas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nicotine Tobacco Res. 2017; 19, 497\u2013505.","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntw228"},{"key":"6414_CR97","unstructured":"Federal Office of Public Health. COVID-19 Switzerland. 2023.\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/www.covid19.admin.ch\/en\/epidemiologic\/case\/d\/geo-regions?geoDate=2020-03-15."},{"key":"6414_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-020-01494-0","volume":"65","author":"EA West","year":"2020","unstructured":"West EA, et al. Corona Immunitas: study protocol of a nationwide program of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and seroepidemiologic studies in Switzerland. Int J Public Health. 2020;65:1529\u201348.","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"6414_CR99","unstructured":"Zurich Canton. Daten, Proben & Datenschutz. https:\/\/www.zh.ch\/de\/gesundheit\/ethik-humanforschung\/daten-proben-datenschutz.html#-1296684915."},{"key":"6414_CR100","unstructured":"Federal Statistical Office. Verordnung \u00fcber die Durchf\u00fchrung von statistischen Erhebungen des Bundes, Art. 5. 1993.\u00a0https:\/\/www.fedlex.admin.ch\/eli\/cc\/1993\/2100_2100_2100\/de#art_5."}],"container-title":["BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12884-024-06414-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12884-024-06414-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12884-024-06414-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T15:03:43Z","timestamp":1711379023000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12884-024-06414-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-024-06414-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2393"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2393","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable - According to the Swiss Human Research Act, ethical clearance is not necessary when working with fully anonymized governmental data\u00a0[]. Furthermore, according to the Cantonal Ethics Committee of the Canton of Zurich, a confirmation of the Ethics Committee is not necessary in these cases [].","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable. As we are working with fully anonymized governmental data, informed consent was not required []. Furthermore, according to Swiss law (431.012.1, Art. 5), the Federal Statistical Office is allowed to collect these vital statistics data and provide them in anonymized form to researchers without informed consent [].","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"218"}}