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We aimed to study neonatal outcomes in untreated mild hyperglycaemia using different oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) thresholds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This register-based study included all (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094,939) singleton pregnant women participating a 75 g 2-h OGTT in six delivery hospitals in Finland in 2009. Finnish diagnostic cut-offs for GDM were fasting\u2009\u2265\u20095.3, 1 h\u2009\u2265\u200910.0 or 2-h glucose\u2009\u2265\u20098.6 mmol\/L. Women who did not meet these criteria but met the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria (fasting 5.1\u20135.2 mmol\/L and\/or 2-h glucose 8.5 mmol\/L,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009509) or the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) criteria (2-h glucose 7.8\u20138.5 mmol\/L,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009166) were considered as mild untreated hyperglycaemia. Women who met both the Finnish criteria and the IADPSG or the NICE criteria were considered as treated GDM groups (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091292 and\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009612, respectively). Controls were normoglycaemic according to all criteria (fasting glucose\u2009&lt;\u20095.1 mmol\/L, 1-h glucose\u2009&lt;\u200910.0 mmol\/L and 2-h glucose\u2009&lt;\u20098.5 mmol\/L,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093031). Untreated mild hyperglycemia groups were compared to controls and treated GDM groups. The primary outcome \u2013 a composite of adverse neonatal outcomes, including neonatal hypoglycaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, birth trauma or perinatal mortality \u2013 was analysed using multivariate logistic regression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The risk for the adverse neonatal outcome in untreated mild hyperglycemia was not increased compared to controls (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71\u20131.44, using the IADPSG criteria; aOR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.60\u20131.85, using the NICE criteria). The risk was lower compared to the treated IADPSG (aOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.27\u20130.53) or the treated NICE group (aOR 0.32, 95% CI 0.18\u20130.57).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The risk of adverse neonatal outcomes was not increased in mild untreated hyperglycaemia compared to normoglycaemic controls and was lower than in the treated GDM groups. The OGTT cut-offs of 5.3 mmol\/L at fasting and 8.6 mmol\/L at 2 h seem to sufficiently identify clinically relevant GDM, without excluding neonates with a risk of adverse outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-024-06473-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T06:02:04Z","timestamp":1712901724000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Neonatal outcomes according to different glucose threshold values in gestational diabetes: a register-based study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kaisa","family":"Kariniemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marja","family":"V\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4sm\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuija","family":"M\u00e4nnist\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanna","family":"Mustaniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eero","family":"Kajantie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanna","family":"Etel\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elina","family":"Keikkala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Finnish Gestational Diabetes [FinnGeDi] study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneli","family":"Pouta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risto","family":"Kaaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan G","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannele","family":"Laivuori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Gissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"6473_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s103","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.2007.s103","volume":"26","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2003","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. 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Available from: https:\/\/urn.fi\/URN:NBN:fi-fe2022112867358."}],"container-title":["BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12884-024-06473-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12884-024-06473-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12884-024-06473-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T06:03:44Z","timestamp":1712901824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12884-024-06473-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-024-06473-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3790958\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2393"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2393","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"According to the Finnish Act on Secondary Use of Health and Social Data 552\/2019, the study participants did not need to provide an information consent form when only anonymous register data were used. The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare gave their permission for the use of the MBR data (Number: THL132\/5.05.00\/2011). Hospital administration gave permission to use and combine OGTT laboratory test results with the register data. The FinnGeDi study was approved by the regional ethics committee in Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District (Number: 2008\/43, date of approval: 2008\u20136-19).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"271"}}