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The purpose of this study was to examine the association between PPD at 1\n                      <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                      and 6\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      month postpartum, infant feeding practices, and body mass index (BMI) z-score of the child at one and three years of age.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used data from an ongoing prospective maternal-child birth cohort performed at the National Center for Child Health and Development (NCCHD) in suburban Tokyo, Japan with the period of recruitment from May 13, 2010 to November 28, 2013. Out of 2,309 total number of mothers, 1,279 mother\u2013child dyads were assessed in the study. We performed multivariable linear regression analysis to examine the association between PPD and child\u2019s BMI z-score stratified by the child\u2019s age at 1 year and 3 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of PPD at 1\u00a0month postpartum (17%) was found to be higher than at 6\u00a0months (12%). In multivariable linear regression analysis we observed that children at 3\u00a0years who had mothers with PPD at 6\u00a0months had, on average, a BMI z-score 0.25 higher than children of mothers who did not have PPD at 6\u00a0months (\u00df coefficient 0.25, 95% CI [0.04 to 0.46],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      value 0.02), holding all other covariates constant. Also, initiation of weaning food when child is at six months of age was associated with higher BMI z-score of the child at 3\u00a0years after adjusting for all covariates (\u00df coefficient\u2009=\u20090.18, 95% CI [0.03 to 0.34],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The significant association between PPD at 6\u00a0months and child\u2019s BMI z-score at 3\u00a0years of age, in conjunction with birth trends and high prevalence of PPD, can add to the body of evidence that there is need for multiple assessment across the first postpartum year to rule out PPD as early screening and early interventions may benefit both maternal health and child development outcomes. These findings can indicate the need for establishing support systems for care-giving activities for mothers with PPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-024-06483-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T09:02:26Z","timestamp":1714640546000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of postpartum depression and role of infant feeding practices on relative weight of child at 1 and 3 years of age"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Drishti","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aliza","family":"K C Bhandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisako","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiharu","family":"Miyayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reiko","family":"Horikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin Y.","family":"Urayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naho","family":"Morisaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"6483_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.154628","volume":"4","author":"K Sahoo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sahoo K, Sahoo B, Choudhury AK, Sofi NY, Kumar R, Bhadoria AS. 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Written informed consent was obtained from the participants. We obtained consent on data curation, validation and analysis from the same institution to conduct this study. The participants from the cohort were not involved in the design or conduct or reporting or dissemination plans of this research. The intervention and all methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"336"}}