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The fasting blood samples were collected to measure 16 comprehensive metabolic indicators during a 6-year postpartum follow-up: fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCR), etc. Seven inflammatory factors, including TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, and IL-17\u00a0A, were measured with serum samples collected during the third trimester of pregnancy. Linear regression models were used to analyze the associations between GDM and 6-year postpartum metabolic indicators, GDM and third-trimester inflammatory factors, and the third-trimester inflammatory factors and 6-year postpartum metabolic indicators. Mediating and moderating effect analyses were further performed to explore if the third-trimester inflammatory factors mediate or modify the association between GDM and postpartum cardiometabolic indicators.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>From July 2021 to August 2022, 307 participants have been followed up, with 99 women with a prior GDM history. Compared with those without GDM, individuals with a prior history of GDM had significantly elevated levels of FPG (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.40, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>: 0.18 to 0.62, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>FDR<\/jats:sub> &lt; 0.001), HbA1c (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.22, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>: 0.09 to 0.34, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>FDR<\/jats:sub> = 0.009), TyG (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.22, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>: 0.07 to 0.37, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>FDR<\/jats:sub> = 0.024) at 6 years postpartum, and the association between GDM and SCR (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.43, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>: 0.02 to 4.85, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>FDR<\/jats:sub> = 0.144) reached nominal significance level. GDM history was associated with a decreased level of third-trimester IL-17\u00a0A (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = -0.58, 95% <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>: -0.99 to -0.18, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>FDR<\/jats:sub> = 0.035). No significant association between third-trimester inflammatory factors and 6-year postpartum metabolic indicators was observed. And no mediating or moderating effect of third-trimester inflammatory factors was observed in those associations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A prior history of GDM was significantly associated with elevated FPG, HbA1c, and TyG in women at 6 years postpartum, whereas third-trimester inflammatory factors had no role in mediating or moderating these associations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-024-06563-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T07:02:09Z","timestamp":1715756529000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["No role of the third-trimester inflammatory factors in the association of gestational diabetes mellitus with postpartum cardiometabolic indicators"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xiayan","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Qiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kexin","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yidan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangqin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guopeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangbiao","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beibei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"6563_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30161-3","volume":"8","author":"P Saravanan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saravanan P, Diabetes in Pregnancy Working Group; Maternal Medicine Clinical Study Group. 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