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Patients were categorized into infected and uninfected groups based on physicians\u2019 judgments of post-CC infections. Registered information included patient characteristics, cervical insufficiency history, gestational age at CC, surgical method (McDonald\/Shirodkar), purpose of CC, mid-pregnancy miscarriage\/preterm birth, infection history or risk factors, and infection indices on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after CC. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to reduce patient characteristic bias. Statistical analysis of C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil count (NEU), percentage of neutrophil count (NEU_P), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and procalcitonin (PCT) in the infected group compared with the uninfected group was performed using chi-square tests and t-tests. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to further assess the diagnostic value of CRP, PCT, and CRP-PCT in combination.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among the 619 included patients, 206 patients were matched using PSM and subsequently assessed. PCT values on day 1 and day 3 after CC exhibited significant differences between the two groups in two statistical ways (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The CRP levels on day 1 were significantly higher in the infected group compared to the uninfected group in two statistical ways (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). On day 3, the mean CRP value was significantly elevated in the infected group compared to the uninfected group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Analyses of IL-6, WBC, NEU, and NEU_P did not yield clinically significant results. The area under the ROC curves for CRP, PCT, and CRP-PCT on day 1 and day 3 were all below 0.7. In the preventive CC group, the AUC values of CRP and CRP-PCT obtained on d1 were found to be higher than 0.7, indicating moderate diagnostic accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>For women after CC surgery, especially of preventive aim, increased serum CRP and PCT levels from post-CC day 1 to day 3 may signal a potential postoperative infection, warranting close monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-024-06668-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T14:03:57Z","timestamp":1720706637000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The potential presence of infection may be indicated through non-invasive prediction of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels within the initial three days after cervical cerclage: a retrospective case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xiucong","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yabin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunxia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijun","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"6668_CR1","first-page":"372","volume":"142","author":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No","year":"2014","unstructured":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. Cerclage for the management of cervical insufficiency[J]. 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