{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:19:40Z","timestamp":1793146780987,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Previously conducted studies have observed an increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes with prenatal exposure to cocaine and opioids. However, these studies used drug-free reference groups which did not efficiently control for confounders associated with polysubstance use in pregnancy. Thus, we conducted an observational study to compare the risk of adverse obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in women who consumed cocaine and\/or opioids during pregnancy to women who consumed only cannabis in pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This observational study was conducted with data collected from pregnant women followed for addiction from the beginning of their pregnancy until childbirth at the perinatal consultation center Addi-Vie at CHUV Lausanne, Switzerland. Women who reported consuming cocaine, opioids, or both along with or without cannabis were included in the exposed group, while women who reported use of only cannabis during pregnancy were included in the reference group. We assessed for two adverse composite outcomes namely: adverse obstetrical composite outcome (4 outcomes) and adverse neonatal composite outcome (7 outcomes). Weighted logistic regression with weights obtained through inverse probability treatment weighting was conducted. For this analysis, we reported a conditional odds ratio (OR<jats:sub>conditional<\/jats:sub>) and 95% confidence interval (CI).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We included 177 pregnant women in this study, with 80 included in the exposed group and 97 included in the reference group. In the exposed group, 81.2% of women reported the use of opioids, and 39.9% of women reported the use of cocaine during pregnancy. In this study, prenatal cocaine and\/or opioid exposure was associated with reduced odds of adverse obstetrical composite outcomes (OR<jats:sub>conditional<\/jats:sub>: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17\u20130.88) compared to prenatal cannabis use. We also observed that the pregnant women exposed to cocaine and\/or opioids during pregnancy were at 3.88 (OR<jats:sub>conditional<\/jats:sub>: 3.88, 95% CI: 1.23\u201312.23) times higher odds of experiencing the adverse neonatal composite outcome compared to our reference group.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Prenatal use of cocaine and\/or opioids during pregnancy is observed to increase the odds of adverse neonatal composite outcomes. Encouraging substance users to seek antenatal care in earlier stages of pregnancy and targeted treatment approaches through interprofessional collaboration could prevent such adverse outcomes in pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-024-07062-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T15:15:51Z","timestamp":1744816551000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Risk of adverse obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in women consuming recreational drugs during pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Sreemanjari","family":"Kandhasamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Lepigeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Baggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roulet","family":"C\u00e9line","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ceulemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Winterfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen P.","family":"Jenkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katyuska","family":"Francini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emeline","family":"Maisonneuve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Panchaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"7062_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-822300-0.00007-0","volume-title":"Handbook of Analytical Techniques for Forensic Samples","author":"CM Hussain","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hussain CM, Rawtani D, Pandey G, Tharmavaram M. Chapter 7 - Raman spectroscopy in forensic science. In: Hussain CM, Rawtani D, Pandey G, Tharmavaram M, editors. Handbook of Analytical Techniques for Forensic Samples. Elsevier; 2021. p. 109\u201328."},{"key":"7062_CR2","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings [Internet]. [cited 2023 Apr 25]. Available from: https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/sites\/default\/files\/NSDUHnationalfindingresults2012\/NSDUHnationalfindingresults2012\/NSDUHresults2012.htm."},{"key":"7062_CR3","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2021 NSDUH Detailed Tables | CBHSQ Data [Internet]. [cited 2023 Apr 27]. Available from: https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/report\/2021-nsduh-detailed-tables."},{"key":"7062_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tavella RA, de Abreu VOM, Muccillo-Baisch AL, da Silva J\u00fanior FMR. Prevalence of illicit drug use during pregnancy: a global perspective. An Acad Bras Cienc. 2020;92(4):e20200302.","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765202020200302"},{"issue":"4","key":"7062_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(01)00136-8","volume":"15","author":"A Addis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Addis A, Moretti ME, Ahmed Syed F, Einarson TR, Koren G. Fetal effects of cocaine: an updated meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol. 2001;15(4):341\u201369.","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7062_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e31827feeb9","volume":"56","author":"AD Wendell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wendell AD. Overview and Epidemiology of Substance Abuse in Pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2013;56(1):91.","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7062_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.11.013","volume":"204","author":"K Gouin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gouin K, Murphy K, Shah PS. Effects of cocaine use during pregnancy on low birthweight and preterm birth: systematic review and meta-analyses. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;204(4):340.e1-340.e12.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7062_CR8","first-page":"57","volume":"6","author":"S Minnes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Minnes S, Lang A, Singer L. Prenatal Tobacco, Marijuana, Stimulant, and Opiate Exposure: Outcomes and Practice Implications. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2011;6(1):57\u201370.","journal-title":"Addict Sci Clin Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"7062_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.1310030506","volume":"3","author":"BB Little","year":"1991","unstructured":"Little BB, Snell LM, Knoll KA, Ghali FE, Rosenfeld CR, Gant NF. Heroin abuse during pregnancy: Effects on perinatal outcome and early childhood growth. Am J Hum Biol Off J Hum Biol Counc. 1991;3(5):463\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol Off J Hum Biol Counc"},{"issue":"11","key":"7062_CR10","first-page":"CD006318","volume":"2020","author":"S Minozzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Minozzi S, Amato L, Jahanfar S, Bellisario C, Ferri M, Davoli M. Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate-dependent pregnant women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;2020(11):CD006318.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"7062_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2022.2083174","volume":"57","author":"M Kinsella","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kinsella M, Halliday LOE, Shaw M, Capel Y, Nelson SM, Kearns RJ. Buprenorphine Compared with Methadone in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Subst Use Misuse. 2022;57(9):1400\u201316.","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"issue":"22","key":"7062_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2203318","volume":"387","author":"EA Suarez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Suarez EA, Huybrechts KF, Straub L, Hern\u00e1ndez-D\u00edaz S, Jones HE, Connery HS, et al. Buprenorphine versus Methadone for Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(22):2033\u201344.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"7062_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001649","volume":"128","author":"SN Conner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Conner SN, Bedell V, Lipsey K, Macones GA, Cahill AG, Tuuli MG. Maternal Marijuana Use and Adverse Neonatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2016;128(4):713\u201323.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7062_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009986","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009986","volume":"6","author":"JKL Gunn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gunn JKL, Rosales CB, Center KE, Nu\u00f1ez A, Gibson SJ, Christ C, et al. Prenatal exposure to cannabis and maternal and child health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2016;6(4):e009986.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"7062_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.45653","volume":"5","author":"G Marchand","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marchand G, Masoud AT, Govindan M, Ware K, King A, Ruther S, et al. Birth Outcomes of Neonates Exposed to Marijuana in Utero. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(1): e2145653.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"7062_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199208063270607","volume":"327","author":"JJ Volpe","year":"1992","unstructured":"Volpe JJ. Effect of Cocaine Use on the Fetus. N Engl J Med. 1992;327(6):399\u2013407.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"7062_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-4131","volume":"139","author":"JN Lind","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lind JN, Interrante JD, Ailes EC, Gilboa SM, Khan S, Frey MT, et al. Maternal Use of Opioids During Pregnancy and Congenital Malformations: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics. 2017;139(6): e20164131.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"7062_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12805","volume":"36","author":"R Graeve","year":"2022","unstructured":"Graeve R, Balalian AA, Richter M, Kielstein H, Fink A, Martins SS, et al. Infants\u2019 prenatal exposure to opioids and the association with birth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2022;36(1):125\u201343.","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7062_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420440407","volume":"44","author":"B Lutiger","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lutiger B, Graham K, Einarson TR, Koren G. Relationship between gestational cocaine use and pregnancy outcome: a meta-analysis. Teratology. 1991;44(4):405\u201314.","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"issue":"1","key":"7062_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-018-2082-9","volume":"18","author":"DS Santana","year":"2018","unstructured":"Santana DS, Silveira C, Costa ML, Souza RT, Surita FG, Souza JP, et al. Perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies complicated by maternal morbidity: evidence from the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18(1):449.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"2","key":"7062_CR21","first-page":"105","volume":"22","author":"N Rizwan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rizwan N, Abbasi RM, Mughal R. Maternal morbidity and perinatal outcome with twin pregnancy. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad JAMC. 2010;22(2):105\u20137.","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad JAMC"},{"issue":"2","key":"7062_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(67)80066-0","volume":"71","author":"FC Battaglia","year":"1967","unstructured":"Battaglia FC, Lubchenco LO. A practical classification of newborn infants by weight and gestational age. J Pediatr. 1967;71(2):159\u201363.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"7062_CR23","first-page":"147","volume":"19","author":"A Siu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Siu A, Robinson CA. Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: Essentials for the Practitioner. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther JPPT. 2014;19(3):147\u201355.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther JPPT"},{"key":"7062_CR24","unstructured":"Yadav S, Lee B, Kamity R. Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome [Internet]. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; 2022 [cited 2023 Mar 14]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK560779\/."},{"issue":"3","key":"7062_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.11057","volume":"32","author":"RL Pinheiro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pinheiro RL, Areia AL, Mota Pinto A, Donato H. Advanced Maternal Age: Adverse Outcomes of Pregnancy. A Meta-Analysis Acta Med Port. 2019;32(3):219\u201326.","journal-title":"A Meta-Analysis Acta Med Port"},{"issue":"1","key":"7062_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.3591","volume":"88","author":"S Behboudi-Gandevani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Behboudi-Gandevani S, Bidhendi-Yarandi R, Panahi MH, Mardani A, Paal P, Prinds C, et al. Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and International Immigration Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Glob Health. 2022;88(1):44.","journal-title":"Ann Glob Health"},{"key":"7062_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah PS, Zao J, Ali S, Knowledge Synthesis Group of Determinants of preterm\/LBW births. Maternal marital status and birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Matern Child Health J. 2011;15(7):1097\u2013109.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-010-0654-z"},{"issue":"17","key":"7062_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.19097","volume":"328","author":"HD Nelson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nelson HD, Darney BG, Ahrens K, Burgess A, Jungbauer RM, Cantor A, et al. Associations of Unintended Pregnancy With Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2022;328(17):1714\u201329.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"12","key":"7062_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03050.x","volume":"118","author":"J Patra","year":"2011","unstructured":"Patra J, Bakker R, Irving H, Jaddoe V, Malini S, Rehm J. Dose\u2013response relationship between alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy and the risks of low birthweight, preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA)\u2014a systematic review and meta-analyses. BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;118(12):1411\u201321.","journal-title":"BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7062_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-018-2030-8","volume":"18","author":"M Nesari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nesari M, Olson JK, Vandermeer B, Slater L, Olson DM. Does a maternal history of abuse before pregnancy affect pregnancy outcomes? A systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18(1):404.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"7062_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-020-02176-9","volume":"20","author":"G Gedefaw","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gedefaw G, Alemnew B, Demis A. Adverse fetal outcomes and its associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr. 2020;20(1):269.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"7062_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s40985-018-0110-y","volume":"39","author":"AT Wondemagegn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wondemagegn AT, Alebel A, Tesema C, Abie W. The effect of antenatal care follow-up on neonatal health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health Rev. 2018;39(1):33.","journal-title":"Public Health Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"7062_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1586\/17474108.3.3.391","volume":"3","author":"KJ Gold","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gold KJ, Marcus SM. Effect of maternal mental illness on pregnancy outcomes. Expert Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2008;3(3):391\u2013401.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7062_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13367","volume":"145","author":"A Kautzky","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kautzky A, Slamanig R, Unger A, H\u00f6flich A. Neonatal outcome and adaption after in utero exposure to antidepressants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2022;145(1):6\u201328.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"12","key":"7062_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743720904860","volume":"65","author":"S Grigoriadis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grigoriadis S, Graves L, Peer M, Mamisashvili L, Ruthirakuhan M, Chan P, et al. Pregnancy and Delivery Outcomes Following Benzodiazepine Exposure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Can J Psychiatry Rev Can Psychiatr. 2020;65(12):821\u201334.","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry Rev Can Psychiatr"},{"key":"7062_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joseph-Delaffon K, Eletri L, Dechartres A, Nordeng HME, Richardson JL, Elefant E, et al. Neonatal outcomes after in utero exposure to antipsychotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2024;39(10):1073\u201396.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-024-01156-y"},{"issue":"5","key":"7062_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000759","volume":"125","author":"CG Coughlin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coughlin CG, Blackwell KA, Bartley C, Hay M, Yonkers KA, Bloch MH. Obstetric and Neonatal Outcomes After Antipsychotic Medication Exposure in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;125(5):1224\u201335.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"7","key":"7062_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e394","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2011.01436.x","volume":"18","author":"KLB Reddick","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reddick KLB, Jhaveri R, Gandhi M, James AH, Swamy GK. Pregnancy outcomes associated with viral hepatitis. J Viral Hepat. 2011;18(7):e394-398.","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"issue":"12","key":"7062_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.37162","volume":"4","author":"LM Yee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yee LM, Kacanek D, Brightwell C, Haddad LB, Jao J, Powis KM, et al. Marijuana, Opioid, and Alcohol Use Among Pregnant and Postpartum Individuals Living With HIV in the US. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(12): e2137162.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"7062_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14282","volume":"101","author":"S Shinar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shinar S, Agrawal S, Ryu M, Walmsley S, Serghides L, Yudin MH, et al. Perinatal outcomes in women living with HIV-1 and receiving antiretroviral therapy-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2022;101(2):168\u201382.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"7062_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.15528","volume":"166","author":"I Atowoju","year":"2024","unstructured":"Atowoju I, Dawer P, Asrani M, Panjiyar B. Impact of maternal HIV infection on perinatal outcomes: A systematic review. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2024;166(1):35\u201343.","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"1","key":"7062_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-023-02182-0","volume":"20","author":"M Afraie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Afraie M, Moradi G, Zamani K, Azami M, Moradi Y. The effect of hepatitis B virus on the risk of pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Virol J. 2023;20(1):213.","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"issue":"12","key":"7062_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12430","volume":"22","author":"Qt Huang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huang Qt, Huang Q, Zhong M, Wei Ss, Luo W, Li F, et al. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is associated with increased risk of preterm birth: a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Viral Hepat. 2015;22(12):1033\u201342.","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat."},{"issue":"8","key":"7062_CR44","first-page":"3475","volume":"27","author":"GF Shen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shen GF, Ge CH, Shen W, Liu YH, Huang XY. Association between hepatitis C infection during pregnancy with maternal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023;27(8):3475\u201388.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"7062_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-5996-4-41","volume":"4","author":"CA Negrato","year":"2012","unstructured":"Negrato CA, Mattar R, Gomes MB. Adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2012;4(1):41.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"7062_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g2301","volume":"348","author":"K Bramham","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bramham K, Parnell B, Nelson-Piercy C, Seed PT, Poston L, Chappell LC. Chronic hypertension and pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2014;348: g2301.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10006","key":"7062_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00045-8","volume":"386","author":"L Viale","year":"2015","unstructured":"Viale L, Allotey J, Cheong-See F, Arroyo-Manzano D, Mccorry D, Bagary M, et al. Epilepsy in pregnancy and reproductive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet. 2015;386(10006):1845\u201352.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"7062_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo C, Wan M, Wang Y, Wang P, Tousey-Pfarrer M, Liu H, et al. Associations between intimate partner violence and adverse birth outcomes during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med. 2023;10:1140787.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1140787"},{"issue":"4","key":"7062_CR49","first-page":"CD000198","volume":"4","author":"CE East","year":"2023","unstructured":"East CE, Biro MA, Fredericks S, Lau R. Support during pregnancy for women at increased risk of low birthweight babies. Cochrane database syst rev. 2023;4(4):CD000198.","journal-title":"Cochrane database syst rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"7062_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del432","volume":"22","author":"S Elsenbruch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Elsenbruch S, Benson S, R\u00fccke M, Rose M, Dudenhausen J, Pincus-Knackstedt MK, et al. Social support during pregnancy: effects on maternal depressive symptoms, smoking and pregnancy outcome. Hum Reprod. 2007;22(3):869\u201377.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"5","key":"7062_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200009000-00016","volume":"62","author":"PJ Feldman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Feldman PJ, Dunkel-Schetter C, Sandman CA, Wadhwa PD. Maternal Social Support Predicts Birth Weight and Fetal Growth in Human Pregnancy. Psychosom Med. 2000;62(5):715.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"7062_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-042753","volume":"11","author":"K Thomson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thomson K, Moffat M, Arisa O, Jesurasa A, Richmond C, Odeniyi A, et al. Socioeconomic inequalities and adverse pregnancy outcomes in the UK and Republic of Ireland: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2021;11(3): e042753.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"7062_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.55990","volume":"7","author":"OM Bosworth","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bosworth OM, Padilla-Azain MC, Adgent MA, Spieker AJ, Wiese AD, Pham A, et al. Prescription Opioid Exposure During Pregnancy and Risk of Spontaneous Preterm Delivery. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(2): e2355990.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"7062_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039055","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.1039055","volume":"10","author":"E Yen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yen E, Davis JM. The immediate and long-term effects of prenatal opioid exposure. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:1039055.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"7062_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioac003","volume":"106","author":"CS Rosenfeld","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rosenfeld CS. The placenta as a target of opioid drugs. Biol Reprod. 2022;106(4):676.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"7062_CR56","unstructured":"Anbalagan S, Mendez MD. Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2022 [cited 2022 Aug 23]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK551498\/."},{"issue":"2","key":"7062_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002235","volume":"130","author":"The American college of Obstetricians and Gynecologists","year":"2017","unstructured":"The American college of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Committee Opinion No. 711: Opioid Use and Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2017;130(2):e81-94.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"7062_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zankl A, Martin J, Davey JG, Osborn DA. Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;7(7):CD002059.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002059.pub4"},{"issue":"12","key":"7062_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03120.x","volume":"105","author":"BJ Cleary","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cleary BJ, Donnelly J, Strawbridge J, Gallagher PJ, Fahey T, Clarke M, et al. Methadone dose and neonatal abstinence syndrome-systematic review and meta-analysis: Methadone dose and neonatal abstinence syndrome. Addiction. 2010;105(12):2071\u201384.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"2","key":"7062_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3109\/10826089609045811","volume":"31","author":"LC Mayes","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mayes LC, Carroll KM. Neonatal Withdrawal Syndrome in Infants Exposed to Cocaine and Methadone. Subst Use Misuse. 1996;31(2):241\u201353.","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"issue":"8","key":"7062_CR61","first-page":"905","volume":"143","author":"R Fulroth","year":"1989","unstructured":"Fulroth R, Phillips B, Durand DJ. Perinatal Outcome of Infants Exposed to Cocaine and\/or Heroin In Utero. Am J Dis Child. 1989;143(8):905\u201310.","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"issue":"4","key":"7062_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199704001-01245","volume":"41","author":"LM Noble","year":"1997","unstructured":"Noble LM, Hand IL, Hartstein J, Kim H, Yoon JJ. Cocaine Attenuates Neonatal Withdrawal in Methadone-Maintained Mothers\u2020 1226. Pediatr Res. 1997;41(4):207\u2013207.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7062_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.08.002","volume":"36","author":"H Huang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang H, Coleman S, Bridge JA, Yonkers K, Katon W. A meta-analysis of the relationship between antidepressant use in pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2014;36(1):13\u20138.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"7062_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13441","volume":"146","author":"S Grigoriadis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Grigoriadis S, Alibrahim A, Mansfield JK, Sullovey A, Robinson GE. Hypnotic benzodiazepine receptor agonist exposure during pregnancy and the risk of congenital malformations and other adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2022;146(4):312\u201324.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"7062_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e309","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.12r07967","volume":"74","author":"S Grigoriadis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grigoriadis S, VonderPorten EH, Mamisashvili L, Eady A, Tomlinson G, Dennis CL, et al. The effect of prenatal antidepressant exposure on neonatal adaptation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(4):e309-320.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"7062_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1159\/000516031","volume":"90","author":"J Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang J, Cosci F. Neonatal Withdrawal Syndrome following Late in utero Exposure to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Psychother Psychosom. 2021;90(5):299\u2013307.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"issue":"10","key":"7062_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.3390\/ph6101221","volume":"6","author":"B K\u00e4ll\u00e9n","year":"2013","unstructured":"K\u00e4ll\u00e9n B, Borg N, Reis M. The Use of Central Nervous System Active Drugs During Pregnancy. Pharmaceuticals. 2013;6(10):1221\u201386.","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"8","key":"7062_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2018-0227","volume":"9","author":"LA Sanlorenzo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sanlorenzo LA, Cooper WO, Dudley JA, Stratton S, Maalouf FI, Patrick SW. Increased Severity of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Associated With Concomitant Antenatal Opioid and Benzodiazepine Exposure. Hosp Pediatr. 2019;9(8):569\u201375.","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"7062_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2010.514600","volume":"22","author":"KL Leight","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leight KL, Fitelson EM, Weston CA, Wisner KL. Childbirth and mental disorders. Int Rev Psychiatry Abingdon Engl. 2010;22(5):453\u201371.","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry Abingdon Engl"},{"issue":"2","key":"7062_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3283503680","volume":"25","author":"C Dunkel Schetter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dunkel Schetter C, Tanner L. Anxiety, depression and stress in pregnancy: implications for mothers, children, research, and practice. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2012;25(2):141\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"7062_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.11.014","volume":"191","author":"A Biaggi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Biaggi A, Conroy S, Pawlby S, Pariante CM. Identifying the women at risk of antenatal anxiety and depression: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2016;191:62\u201377.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"7062_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2021.02.008","volume":"50","author":"R Pentecost","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pentecost R, Latendresse G, Smid M. Scoping Review of the Associations Between Perinatal Substance Use and Perinatal Depression and Anxiety. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs JOGNN. 2021;50(4):382\u201391.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs JOGNN"},{"issue":"10","key":"7062_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2017.07.017","volume":"39","author":"JL Cook","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cook JL, Green CR, de la Ronde S, Dell CA, Graves L, Morgan L, et al. Screening and Management of Substance Use in Pregnancy: A Review. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2017;39(10):897\u2013905.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"issue":"1","key":"7062_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-1-5","volume":"1","author":"BM Lester","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lester BM, Andreozzi L, Appiah L. Substance use during pregnancy: time for policy to catch up with research. Harm Reduct J. 2004;1(1):5.","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"issue":"1","key":"7062_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352-015-0015-5","volume":"3","author":"R Stone","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stone R. Pregnant women and substance use: fear, stigma, and barriers to care. Health Justice. 2015;3(1):2.","journal-title":"Health Justice"},{"issue":"2","key":"7062_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/1753495X17750299","volume":"11","author":"KA Louw","year":"2018","unstructured":"Louw KA. Substance use in pregnancy: The medical challenge. Obstet Med. 2018;11(2):54\u201366.","journal-title":"Obstet Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"7062_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2005.00497.x","volume":"84","author":"M Kashiwagi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kashiwagi M, Arlettaz R, Lauper U, Zimmermann R, Hebisch G. Methadone maintenance program in a Swiss perinatal center: (I): Management and outcome of 89 pregnancies. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2005;84(2):140\u20134.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"7062_CR78","unstructured":"Federal office of Public Health. Substitution-assisted treatments in case of opioid dependence. [cited 2024 Nov 11]. Available from: https:\/\/www.bag.admin.ch\/bag\/en\/home\/gesund-leben\/sucht-und-gesundheit\/suchtberatung-therapie\/substitutionsgestuetzte-behandlung.html."},{"issue":"2","key":"7062_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.5334\/ijic.7589","volume":"24","author":"K Gulbransen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gulbransen K, Thiessen K, Ford N, Beck WP, Watson H, Gregory P. Interprofessional Care Models for Pregnant and Early-Parenting Persons Who Use Substances: A Scoping Review. Int J Integr Care. 2024;24(2):24.","journal-title":"Int J Integr Care"}],"container-title":["BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12884-024-07062-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12884-024-07062-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12884-024-07062-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T21:01:37Z","timestamp":1744837297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12884-024-07062-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-024-07062-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2393"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2393","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The ethical approval for this study was provided by the Ethics committee of Canton de Vaud (Protocol number: 76\/15). The Ethics committee of Canton de Vaud (Commission cantonale d'\u00e9thique de la recherche sur l'\u00eatre humain) waived the need for informed consent for this study as per Art.34 HRA for further use of data in the absence of informed consent. The study was performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"456"}}