{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T05:26:39Z","timestamp":1739510799825,"version":"3.37.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021722","name":"University of Dodoma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021722","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ISBNPA Pioneer Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-024-07085-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T05:51:46Z","timestamp":1739425906000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physical activities and cardiometabolic profiles of African overweight and obese pregnant women"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Jacktan J.","family":"Ruhighira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ikunda","family":"Dionis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander M.","family":"Tungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fredirick L.","family":"Mashili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"7085_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2016-021","volume":"27","author":"P Soma-Pillay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soma-Pillay P, Catherine NP, Tolppanen H, Mebazaa A, Tolppanen H, Mebazaa A. Physiological changes in pregnancy. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2016;27(2):89\u201394.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc J Afr"},{"key":"7085_CR2","unstructured":"Pituitary disorders during. pregnancy - PubMed [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 4]. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/7781620\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"7085_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)81112-7","volume":"17","author":"MD Lindheimer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lindheimer MD, Barron WM, Davison JM. Osmotic and volume control of vasopressin release in pregnancy. Am J Kidney Dis off J Natl Kidney Found. 1991;17(2):105\u201311.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis off J Natl Kidney Found"},{"key":"7085_CR4","unstructured":"Mark BL, Galan H, Jauniaux E, Driscoll D, Berghella V, Grobman W. Gabbe\u2019s obstetrics: normal and problem pregnancies 8th Ed. Saunders. 2020. 1\u20131280 p."},{"issue":"5","key":"7085_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1233","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.5.1233s","volume":"71","author":"B Abrams","year":"2000","unstructured":"Abrams B, Altman SL, Pickett KE. Pregnancy weight gain: still controversial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71(5):S1233\u201341.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"7085_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003423","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-003423","volume":"5","author":"D Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang D, Wang M, Darling AM, Perumal N, Liu E, Danaei G, et al. Gestational weight gain in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling analysis using nationally representative data. BMJ Glob Health. 2020;5(11):e003423.","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"7085_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keding G. Nutrition Transition in Rural Tanzania and Kenya. In: Biesalski HK, Black RE,World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics [Internet]., Karger S. AG; 2016 [cited 2023 Jun 26]. pp. 68\u201381. Available from: https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/FullText\/442073","DOI":"10.1159\/000442073"},{"issue":"8","key":"7085_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0237720","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237720","volume":"15","author":"KY Ahmed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmed KY, Rwabilimbo AG, Abrha S, Page A, Arora A, Tadese F, et al. Factors associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity in reproductive age Tanzanian women. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(8):e0237720.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"7085_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-022-01441-7","volume":"19","author":"J Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang J, Wang M, Tobias DK, Rich-Edwards JW, Darling AM, Abioye AI, et al. Gestational weight gain during the second and third trimesters and adverse pregnancy outcomes, results from a prospective pregnancy cohort in urban Tanzania. Reprod Health. 2022;19(1):1\u201311.","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"7085_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.395","volume":"6","author":"AH Mwanamsangu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mwanamsangu AH, Mahande MJ, Mazuguni FS, Bishanga DR, Mazuguni N, Msuya SE, et al. Maternal obesity and intrapartum obstetric complications among pregnant women: retrospective cohort analysis from medical birth registry in Northern Tanzania. Obes Sci Pract. 2020;6(2):171.","journal-title":"Obes Sci Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"7085_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1159\/000293016","volume":"32","author":"DFM Loke","year":"1991","unstructured":"Loke DFM, Viegas OAC, Kek LP, Rauff M, Thai AC, Ratnam SS. Lipid profiles during and after normal pregnancy. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1991;32(3):144\u20137.","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"7085_CR12","unstructured":"Chauhan G, Tadi P, Physiology. Postpartum Changes [Internet]. StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2020 [cited 2023 Feb 15]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK555904\/"},{"issue":"4","key":"7085_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2019.141","volume":"7","author":"I Djakovi\u0107","year":"2019","unstructured":"Djakovi\u0107 I, Solja\u010di\u0107-Vrane\u0161 H, Kuna K. Weight gain in pregnancy and Weight Retention after Birth. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019;7(4):614\u20136.","journal-title":"Open Access Maced J Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"7085_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2016.02.004","volume":"45","author":"EP Ferranti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ferranti EP, Jones EJ, Hernandez TL. Pregnancy reveals evolving risk for Cardiometabolic Disease in Women. JOGNN - J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2016;45(3):413\u201325.","journal-title":"JOGNN - J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"7085_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nordic Nutrition Recommendations. 2012: Integrating nutrition and physical activity [Internet]. Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers; 2014. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6027\/Nord2014-002","DOI":"10.6027\/Nord2014-002"},{"issue":"1","key":"7085_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1249\/00003677-199301000-00012","volume":"21","author":"ML Stefanick","year":"1993","unstructured":"Stefanick ML. Exercise and Weight Control: Exercise and Sport sciences Reviews. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 1993;21(1):363\u201396.","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"7085_CR17","unstructured":"Physical Activity and Exercise During Pregnancy. and the Postpartum Period | ACOG [Internet]. [cited 2022 Dec 9]. Available from: https:\/\/www.acog.org\/clinical\/clinical-guidance\/committee-opinion\/articles\/2020\/04\/physical-activity-and-exercise-during-pregnancy-and-the-postpartum-period"},{"issue":"8","key":"7085_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2021.04.019","volume":"31","author":"M Flor-Alemany","year":"2021","unstructured":"Flor-Alemany M, Acosta P, Mar\u00edn-Jim\u00e9nez N, Baena-Garc\u00eda L, Aranda P, Aparicio VA. Influence of the degree of adherence to the mediterranean diet and its components on cardiometabolic risk during pregnancy. The GESTAFIT project. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021;31(8):2311\u20138.","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"7085_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2022.100758","volume":"5","author":"L Emily","year":"2023","unstructured":"Emily L, Gascoigne CM, Webster AW, Honart P, Wang. Abbie Smith-Ryan, Tracy A. MANUCK. Physical activity and pregnancy outcomes: an expert review. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2023;5(1):100758.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"key":"7085_CR20","unstructured":"American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). ACSM Information On Pregnancy Physical Activity [Internet]. ACSM. 2020 [cited 2023 Jun 9]. Available from: https:\/\/www.acsm.org\/docs\/default-source\/files-for-resource-library\/pregnancy-physical-activity.pdf?sfvrsn=12a73853_4"},{"issue":"1","key":"7085_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1624\/105812400X87455","volume":"9","author":"RL Hammer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hammer RL, Perkins J, Parr R. Exercise during the Childbearing Year. J Perinat Educ. 2000;9(1):1\u201314.","journal-title":"J Perinat Educ"},{"issue":"6","key":"7085_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.07.015","volume":"203","author":"MC de Barros","year":"2010","unstructured":"de Barros MC, Lopes MAB, Francisco RPV, Sapienza AD, Zugaib M. Resistance exercise and glycemic control in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;203(6):556.e1-556.e6.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7085_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0143-4004(95)90007-1","volume":"16","author":"MR Jackson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jackson MR, Gott P, Lye SJ, Knox Ritchie JW, Clapp JF. The effects of maternal aerobic exercise on human placental development: placental volumetric composition and surface areas. Placenta. 1995;16(2):179\u201391.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"7085_CR24","unstructured":"Exercise during pregnancy. improves maternal glucose screen at 24\u201328 weeks: a randomised controlled trial - PubMed [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 9]. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21948120\/"},{"key":"7085_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Exercise during pregnancy reduces the rate. of cesarean and instrumental deliveries: results of a randomized controlled trial: The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine: Vol 25, No 11 [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 9]. Available from: https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/14767058.2012.696165?journalCode=ijmf20","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2012.696165?journalCode=ijmf20"},{"issue":"8","key":"7085_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2002.114","volume":"10","author":"DE Larson-Meyer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Larson-Meyer DE. Effect of Postpartum Exercise on mothers and their offspring: a review of the literature. Obes Res. 2002;10(8):841\u201353.","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"7085_CR27","unstructured":"Ministry of Health. Community Development, gender, Elderly and Children. National postpartum care guidelines. The United Republic of Tanzania; 2019."},{"key":"7085_CR28","unstructured":"Tanzania ministry of. Health, community development, gender, elderly and children. Provider\u2019s guide antenatal care in Tanzania mainland. The united republic of Tanzania; 2019."},{"issue":"4","key":"7085_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-012-1038-3","volume":"17","author":"C Amezcua-Prieto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Amezcua-Prieto C, Olmedo-Requena R, J\u00edmenez-Mej\u00edas E, Hurtado-S\u00e1nchez F, Mozas-Moreno J, Lardelli-Claret P, et al. Changes in Leisure Time physical activity during pregnancy compared to the prior year. Matern Child Health J. 2013;17(4):632\u20138.","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"issue":"1","key":"7085_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2011.04.014","volume":"53","author":"KR Evenson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Evenson KR, Wen F. Prevalence and correlates of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior among US pregnant women. Prev Med. 2011;53(1):39\u201343.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"7085_CR31","unstructured":"Sports and Leisure Time Physical Activity During Pregnancy in Nulliparous Women. | SpringerLink [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 10]. Available from: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10995-010-0647-y"},{"key":"7085_CR32","unstructured":"STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance (STEPS). [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 9]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/noncommunicable-diseases\/surveillance\/systems-tools\/steps"},{"key":"7085_CR33","unstructured":"The DHS Program - DHS Model. Questionnaire - Phase 8 (English, French) [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 9]. Available from: https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/publications\/publication-dhsq8-dhs-questionnaires-and-manuals.cfm"},{"key":"7085_CR34","unstructured":"Documentation Questionnaire | NORC [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 9]. Available from: https:\/\/gss.norc.org\/get-documentation\/questionnaires"},{"key":"7085_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sj??Str??M M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International Physical Activity Questionnaire: 12-Country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1381\u201395.","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB"},{"key":"7085_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605800","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2023.1605800","volume":"68","author":"ZM Alta\u015f","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alta\u015f ZM, L\u00fcleci NE, H\u0131d\u0131ro\u011flu S. Evaluation of physical activity level and related factors in pregnancy during the COVID-19 period. Int J Public Health. 2023;68:1605800.","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"7085_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrison CL, Thompson RG, Teede HJ, Lombard CB. Measuring physical activity during pregnancy. 2011.","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-8-19"},{"issue":"1","key":"7085_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.14574\/ojrnhc.v13i1.172","volume":"13","author":"E Marshall","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marshall E, Melton B, Bland H, Nagle J. Physical activity and muscular strengthening in pregnancy: a comparison between rural and urban women. Online J Rural Nurs Health Care. 2013;13(1):50\u201365.","journal-title":"Online J Rural Nurs Health Care"},{"key":"7085_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00eago AS, Alves MTSS, de Batista B, Ribeiro RFL, Bettiol CCC, Cardoso H et al. VC,. Physical activity in pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes. Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica. 2016;32:e00086915.","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311x00086915"},{"key":"7085_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S253213","volume":"12","author":"L Tan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tan L, Zou J, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Shi H. A longitudinal study of physical activity to improve Sleep Quality during pregnancy. Nat Sci Sleep. 2020;12:431\u201342.","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"7085_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-015-0177-z","volume":"16","author":"L Meng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meng L, Zhao D, Pan Y, Ding W, Wei Q, Li H, et al. Validation of Omron HBP-1300 professional blood pressure monitor based on auscultation in children and adults. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2016;16(1):9.","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"7085_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15026","volume":"75","author":"T Unger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Unger T, Borghi C, Charchar F, Khan NA, Poulter NR, Prabhakaran D, et al. 2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2020;75(6):1334\u201357.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"7085_CR43","unstructured":"WHO. Best practices for haemoglobin measurement in population-level anaemia surveys Technical brief [Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland. 2023 [cited 2024 Nov 19]. Available from: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/376128\/9789240087651-eng.pdf"},{"issue":"8","key":"7085_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1080\/00365513.2021.1980224","volume":"81","author":"E Landberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Landberg E, Nevander S, Hadi M, Blomberg M, Norling A, Ekman B, et al. Evaluation of venous plasma glucose measured by point-of-care testing (Accu-Chek inform II) and a hospital laboratory hexokinase method (Cobas c701) in oral glucose tolerance testing during pregnancy \u2013 a challenge in diagnostic accuracy. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2021;81(8):607\u201314.","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"7085_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2011.028","volume":"21","author":"V Supak Smolcic","year":"2011","unstructured":"Supak Smolcic V, Bilic-Zulle L, Fisic E. Validation of methods performance for routine biochemistry analytes at Cobas 6000 analyzer series module c501. Biochem Med. 2011;21(2):182\u201390.","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"7085_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0166254","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166254","volume":"11","author":"E Bacchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bacchi E, Bonin C, Zanolin ME, Zambotti F, Livornese D, Don\u00e0 S, et al. Physical activity patterns in normal-weight and Overweight\/Obese pregnant women. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(11):e0166254.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7085_CR47","unstructured":"McParlin C. Physical activity behaviour in overweight and obese pregnant women [Internet] [PhD]. [Newcastle UK]: Newcastle University; 2015 [cited 2024 May 1]. Available from: https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/153779617.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"7085_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-2777-6","volume":"20","author":"TT Hailemariam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hailemariam TT, Gebregiorgis YS, Gebremeskel BF, Haile TG, Spitznagle TM. Physical activity and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: facility-based cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):92.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"7085_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4965193","volume":"2018","author":"FL Mashili","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mashili FL, Kagaruki GB, Mbatia J, Nanai A, Saguti G, Maongezi S, et al. Physical activity and Associated Socioeconomic Determinants in Rural and Urban Tanzania: results from the 2012 WHO-STEPS survey. Int J Popul Res. 2018;2018:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Int J Popul Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"7085_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajss.20180603.11","volume":"6","author":"N Adrien","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adrien N, Berchmans BJ, Stella GM, F\u00e9lix N. Active lifestyle among pregnant women in Burundi. Am J Sports Sci. 2018;6(3):74\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"7085_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-10-18","volume":"10","author":"Z Weir","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weir Z, Bush J, Robson SC, McParlin C, Rankin J, Bell R. Physical activity in pregnancy: a qualitative study of the beliefs of overweight and obese pregnant women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2010;10(1):18.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"7085_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2023.106094","volume":"162","author":"F Francis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Francis F, M\u00f6ller J, Moshiro C, Kiwango G, Yngve BH, Hasselberg M. Associations and mediators between types of motorcycle ownership and road traffic injuries among motorcycle taxi drivers in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Saf Sci. 2023;162:106094.","journal-title":"Saf Sci"},{"key":"7085_CR53","unstructured":"Starkey P. The benefits and challenges of increasing motorcycle use for rural access. 2016."},{"issue":"1","key":"7085_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-021-01166-z","volume":"18","author":"SA Prince","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prince SA, Rasmussen CL, Biswas A, Holtermann A, Aulakh T, Merucci K, et al. The effect of leisure time physical activity and sedentary behaviour on the health of workers with different occupational physical activity demands: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2021;18(1):100.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"issue":"3","key":"7085_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13030723","volume":"13","author":"E Gonz\u00e1lez-Cazorla","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Cazorla E, Brenes-Romero AP, S\u00e1nchez-G\u00f3mez MJ, Est\u00e9vez-Ruiz E, D\u00edaz-Enjuto A, Cant\u00f3n-Cisneros A, et al. Physical activity in work and leisure time during pregnancy, and its influence on maternal health and perinatal outcomes. J Clin Med. 2024;13(3):723.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"7085_CR56","first-page":"329","volume":"60","author":"E Biernat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Biernat E, Pi\u0105tkowska M. Leisure-time physical activity as a compensation for sedentary behaviour of professionally active population. Work Read Mass. 2018;60(2):329\u201338.","journal-title":"Work Read Mass"},{"key":"7085_CR57","first-page":"104","volume":"32","author":"L Moftakhar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moftakhar L, Solaymani-Dodaran M, Cheraghian B. Role of obesity in gestational hypertension in primigravidae women: a case control study in Shadegan, Iran. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2018;32:104.","journal-title":"Med J Islam Repub Iran"},{"key":"7085_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hall JE, Jones DW, Kuo JJ, da Silva AA, Liu J, Tallam L. Chapter 44 - Obesity and Hypertension: Impact on Cardiovascular and Renal Systems. In: OPARIL S, WEBER MA, editors. Hypertension (Second Edition) [Internet]. Second Edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2005. pp. 464\u201374. Available from: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/B9780721602585501344","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7216-0258-5.50134-4"},{"key":"7085_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Phillips J, Covington M, Osol G. Maternal Physiological Adaptations to Pregnancy. In: Ginosar Y, Reynolds F, Halpern S, Weiner CP, editors. Anesthesia and the Fetus [Internet]. 1st ed. Wiley; 2013 [cited 2024 Nov 23]. pp. 19\u201324. Available from: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118477076.ch2","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118477076.ch2"},{"issue":"3","key":"7085_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2022.2065410","volume":"47","author":"HW Mercier","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mercier HW, Solinsky R, Taylor JA. Relationship of cardiometabolic disease risk factors with age and spinal cord injury duration. J Spinal Cord Med. 2024;47(3):379\u201386.","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"7085_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951871","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.951871","volume":"13","author":"SM Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu SM, Zhang HQ, Li C, Zhang C, Yu JL, Wu YT, et al. Maternal lipid profile during early pregnancy and birth weight: a retrospective study. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:951871.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7085_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201015666140330192345","volume":"15","author":"E Herrera","year":"2014","unstructured":"Herrera E, Ortega-Senovilla H. Lipid metabolism during pregnancy and its implications for fetal growth. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2014;15(1):24\u201331.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1A","key":"7085_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"J28","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00355-0","volume":"84","author":"BV Howard","year":"1999","unstructured":"Howard BV. Insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. Am J Cardiol. 1999;84(1A):J28\u201332.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"9733","key":"7085_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60408-4","volume":"375","author":"VT Samuel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Samuel VT, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Lipid-induced insulin resistance: unravelling the mechanism. Lancet. 2010;375(9733):2267.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7085_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2023.101255","volume":"20","author":"RN Hiremath","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hiremath RN, Kumar M, Huchchannavar R, Ghodke S. Obesity and visceral fat: indicators for anemia among household women visiting a health camp on world obesity day. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health. 2023;20:101255.","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"7085_CR66","first-page":"230","volume":"26","author":"R Akter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Akter R, Nessa A, Sarker D, Yesmin M. Effect of obesity on Hemoglobin Concentration. Mymensingh Med J MMJ. 2017;26(2):230\u20134.","journal-title":"Mymensingh Med J MMJ"},{"key":"7085_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kress JP, Pohlman AS, Alverdyj, Hall JB. The impact of morbid obesity on oxygen cost of breathing (V\u02d9o 2RESP) at rest. Am J Respir Crit Care Med [Internet]. 2012 Dec 14 [cited 2024 Nov 23]; Available from: https:\/\/www.atsjournals.org\/doi\/full\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.160.3.9902058","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.3.9902058"},{"issue":"1","key":"7085_CR68","first-page":"25","volume":"66","author":"A Salvadori","year":"1999","unstructured":"Salvadori A, Fanari P, Fontana M, Buontempi L, Saezza A, Baudo S, et al. Oxygen uptake and cardiac performance in obese and normal subjects during exercise. Respir Int Rev Thorac Dis. 1999;66(1):25\u201333.","journal-title":"Respir Int Rev Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"15","key":"7085_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5529","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155529","volume":"21","author":"\u00c1 Gonz\u00e1lez-Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Dom\u00ednguez \u00c1, Visiedo-Garc\u00eda FM, Dom\u00ednguez-Riscart J, Gonz\u00e1lez-Dom\u00ednguez R, Mateos RM, Lechuga-Sancho AM. Iron metabolism in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(15):5529.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"7085_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen Z, Cao B, Liu L, Tang X, Xu H. Association between obesity and anemia in an nationally representative sample of United States adults: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr [Internet]. 2024 Mar 13 [cited 2024 May 7];11. Available from: https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2024.1304127","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1304127"},{"issue":"1","key":"7085_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-8-19","volume":"8","author":"CL Harrison","year":"2011","unstructured":"Harrison CL, Thompson RG, Teede HJ, Lombard CB. Measuring physical activity during pregnancy. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011;8(1):19.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"issue":"1","key":"7085_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-023-01032-3","volume":"81","author":"N Algallai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Algallai N, Martin K, Shah K, Shrestha K, Daneault JF, Shrestha A, et al. Reliability and validity of a global physical activity questionnaire adapted for use among pregnant women in Nepal. Arch Public Health. 2023;81(1):18.","journal-title":"Arch Public Health"},{"key":"7085_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-017-0070-4","volume":"9","author":"B Sanda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sanda B, Vistad I, Haakstad LAH, Berntsen S, Sagedal LR, Lohne-Seiler H, et al. Reliability and concurrent validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form among pregnant women. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2017;9:7.","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"}],"container-title":["BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12884-024-07085-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12884-024-07085-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12884-024-07085-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T16:40:42Z","timestamp":1739464842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12884-024-07085-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-024-07085-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2393"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-2393"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical clearance was sought from Muhimbili University\u2019s institutional review board. Permission to conduct the study was obtained from the relevant authorities. All study protocols were carried out in line with Helsinki\u2019s declaration. Informed consent was offered in writing and signed by all participants. The safety and well-being of participants were given the highest priority throughout. Those found with abnormal parameters were referred for further medical attention.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"152"}}