{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T08:14:42Z","timestamp":1794384882782,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-025-07182-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T09:53:36Z","timestamp":1738230816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Global seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Nader","family":"Salari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avijeh","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hosna","family":"Zarei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Abdolmaleki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabnam","family":"Rasoulpoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamarina","family":"Shohaimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"7182_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Addo SO, Asare TO, Arthur C, Amoateng K, Addo K, Larbi JA. Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women attending antenatal care in a district hospital in Ghana. Public Health Challenges. 2023;2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/puh2.82","DOI":"10.1002\/puh2.82"},{"key":"7182_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barzgar G, Ahmadpour E, Kohansal MH, Mehrani Moghaddam S, Jafari Koshki T, Barac A, Nissapatorn V, Paul AK, Mici\u0107 J. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women. J Infect Dev Countr. 2024;18:60\u20135.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.17832.","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.17832"},{"issue":"2","key":"7182_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.21608\/jesp.2017.77788","volume":"47","author":"AD Alanazi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alanazi AD, Alyousif MS, Alomar SA, Alanazi IO, Al-Mohammed HI. Seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasma gondiiinfection among pregnant women in Ad-Dawadimi General Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2017;47(2):355\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/jesp.2017.77788.","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol."},{"key":"7182_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ayeah JN, Oladokun A, Sumbele IUN, Ilesanmi AO, Bekindaka ON. Seroprevalence of Gestational and Neonatal Toxoplasmosis as well as Risk Factors in Yaounde Cameroon. J Parasitol Res. 2022;2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/6406259.","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6406259"},{"issue":"3","key":"7182_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.83536","volume":"3","author":"JM Furtado","year":"2011","unstructured":"Furtado JM, Smith JR, Belfort R Jr, Gattey D, Winthrop KL. Toxoplasmosis: a global threat. J Glob Infect Dis. 2011;3(3):281\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0974-777X.83536.","journal-title":"J Glob Infect Dis"},{"key":"7182_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abdelbaset AE, Hamed MI, Abushahba MFN, Rawy MS, Sayed ASM, Adamovicz JJ. Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and the associated risk factors in sheep and pregnant women in El-Minya Governorate Egypt. Vet World. 2020;13:54\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14202\/vetworld.2020.54-60.","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2020.54-60"},{"key":"7182_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.5897\/JIDI2022.0219","volume":"15","author":"OT Adeniyi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adeniyi OT, Adekola SS, Oladipo OM. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in Ile Ife, Southwestern Nigeria. J Infect Dis Immun. 2023;15:33\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5897\/JIDI2022.0219.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis Immun"},{"issue":"2","key":"7182_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/AJMAH\/2017\/31528","volume":"3","author":"F Ballah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ballah F, Maikai B, Magaji A, Shuaibu A, El-Nafaty A, Sambo Y, et al. Seroprevalence and risk of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women at Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Medicine and Health. 2017;3(2):1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9734\/AJMAH\/2017\/31528.","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health"},{"key":"7182_CR9","unstructured":"Chemoh W, Nur Farhana MN, Noor Azmi MA, Si Lay K, Sawangjaroen N, Tan TC, Chandramathi SR, Nissapatorn V. Prevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma infection - an update in Malaysian pregnant women. Trop Biomed. 2019;36:694\u2013702."},{"key":"7182_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117863372094887","DOI":"10.1177\/1178633720948872","volume":"13","author":"SMANE Mulugeta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mulugeta SMANE. Seroprevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Debre Markos referral hospital Northwest Ethiopia. Infect Dis (Auckl). 2020;13:1178633720948872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1178633720948872.","journal-title":"Infect Dis (Auckl)"},{"key":"7182_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Daka V, Mukosha M, Zimba SD, Phiri AM. Cross-sectional study to investigate the seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii among women attending the antenatal clinic in Namwala Zambia. BMJ open. 2024;14.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-084582.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-084582"},{"key":"7182_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahmadpour E. Diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women using automated chemiluminescence and quantitative real time PCR. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2019;12:26\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1995-7645.250341.","DOI":"10.4103\/1995-7645.250341"},{"key":"7182_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bashour N, Aminpour A, Vazifehkhah S, Jafari R. Seromolecular study on the prevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women referred to a gynecology hospital in Urmia northwest part of Iran in 2022. BMC Infect Dis. 2024;24.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09265-5.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09265-5"},{"key":"7182_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2845","DOI":"10.23937\/2474-3658\/1510285","volume":"8","author":"A Dawet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dawet A, Yusuf K, Golnaan C, Lengnen E, Buhari M, Yakubu D. Sero-prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women attending ante natal care in Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH). J Infect Dis Epidemiol. 2022;8:2845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23937\/2474-3658\/1510285.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis Epidemiol."},{"key":"7182_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abdi Gheshlaghi S, Babaeinejad Z, Saraei M, Mohammadi N, Hajialilo E, Javadi A, Heydarian P, Samieerad F. Maternal Serological screening for congenital toxoplasmosis during pregnancy and evaluating the pregnant women's knowledge on toxoplasmosis in Qazvin Iran. J Kerman Univ Med Sci. 2022;29:428\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/jkmu.2022.52.","DOI":"10.34172\/jkmu.2022.52"},{"key":"7182_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Al-Adhroey AH, Mehrass AAO, Al-Shammakh AA, Ali AD, Akabat MYM, Al-Mekhlafi HM. Prevalence and predictors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women from Dhamar Yemen. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4718-4.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4718-4"},{"key":"7182_CR17","unstructured":"Aleem U, Ullah S, Qasim M, Suliman M. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Pregnant Women in Matta, Upper Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. J Saidu Med Coll, Swat. 2018;8(2):103\u2013106."},{"key":"7182_CR18","first-page":"1046","volume":"14","author":"TIRH Edrees","year":"2020","unstructured":"Edrees TIRH. Seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women visiting antenatal clinic at the Mosul City Iraq. Pakistan J Med Health Sci. 2020;14:1046\u20139.","journal-title":"Pakistan J Med Health Sci"},{"key":"7182_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0013","volume":"90","author":"JL Jones","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jones JL, Price C, Wilkins PP, Kruszon-Moran D, Rivera HN. Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in the United States 2009\u20132010 and comparison with the past two decades. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014;90:1135\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0013.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"7182_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lobo ML, Patrocinio G, Sevivas T, DE Sousa B, Matos O. Portugal and Angola: similarities and differences in Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence and risk factors in pregnant women. Epidemiol Infect. 2017;145:30\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268816001904.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816001904"},{"issue":"5","key":"7182_CR21","first-page":"235","volume":"12","author":"F Khan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khan F, Rooman M, Rehman H, Rab A, Khan A, Rehman A, et al. Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among pregnant women in District Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Pakistan Int J Biosci. 2018;12(5):235\u20139.","journal-title":"Pakistan Int J Biosci"},{"issue":"372","key":"7182_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"29","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;29(372):n71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"7182_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abamecha F, Awel H. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women following antenatal care at Mizan Aman General Hospital Bench Maji Zone (BMZ) Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-016-1806-6.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1806-6"},{"key":"7182_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Agmas B, Tesfaye R, Koye DN. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Debre Tabor Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2015;8:1\u20137.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13104-015-1083-2.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1083-2"},{"key":"7182_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahmadi R, Sadeghinasab J, Siyadatpanah A, Mirzaei F, Aghcheli B, Norouzi. Frequency of Toxoplasma gondii Rubella and Cytomegalovirus Antibodies in Pregnant Women in Yazd Province Iran. Avicenna J Clin Microbiol Infect. 2023;10:145\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/ajcmi.3486.","DOI":"10.34172\/ajcmi.3486"},{"key":"7182_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahmed HA, Shafik SM, Ali MEM, Elghamry ST, Ahmed AA. Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in milk and risk factors analysis of seroprevalence in pregnant women at Sharkia Egypt. Vet World. 2014;7:594\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14202\/vetworld.2014.594-600.","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2014.594-600"},{"key":"7182_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Akinbami AA, Adewunmi AA, Rabiu KA, Wright KO, Dosunmu AO, Dada MO, Adeyemo TA. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Antibodies.. amongst Pregnant Women at the Lagos State. Nigerian Postgrad Med J. 2010;17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1117-1936.181448.","DOI":"10.4103\/1117-1936.181448"},{"key":"7182_CR28","unstructured":"Akp\u0131nar O, Akp\u0131nar H, Keskin ES. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women in Isparta Province Turkey. D\u00fczce \u00dcniversitesi Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Dergisi. 2017;7:133\u20136."},{"key":"7182_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Al-Mohammad HI, Amin TT, Balaha MH, Al-Moghannum MS. Toxoplasmosis among the pregnant women attending a Saudi maternity hospital: seroprevalence and possible risk factors. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2010;104:493\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/136485910X12786389891443.","DOI":"10.1179\/136485910X12786389891443"},{"key":"7182_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Al-Eryani SM, Al-Mekhlafi AM, Al-Shibani LA, Mahdy MM, Azazy AA. Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in Yemen: Factors associated with high seroprevalence. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2016;10:667\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.6638.","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.6638"},{"key":"7182_CR31","unstructured":"Al-Harthi SA, Jamjoom MB, Ghazi HO. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women in Makkah Saudi Arabia. Umm Al-Qura Univ J Sci Med Eng. 2006;18:217\u201327."},{"key":"7182_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alghamdi J, Elamin MH, Alhabib S. Prevalence and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii among Saudi pregnant women in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharmaceut J. 2016;24:645\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsps.2015.05.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2015.05.001"},{"key":"7182_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.4103\/0256-4947.87090","volume":"31","author":"A Almogren","year":"2011","unstructured":"Almogren A. Antenatal screening for Toxoplasma gondii infection at a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med. 2011;31:569\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0256-4947.87090.","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"7182_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alvarado-Esquivel C, Sifuentes-Alvarez A, Narro-Duarte SG, Estrada-Mart\u00ednez S, D\u00edaz-Garc\u00eda JH, Liesenfeld O, Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda SA, Canales-Molina A. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in a public hospital in northern Mexico. BMC Infect Dis. 2006;6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-6-113.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-113"},{"key":"7182_CR35","unstructured":"Amar OAO, Bajaj HK, Peter JK, Masih H. Toxoplasmosis prevalence in pregnant women of plain gangetic region Allahabad. J Pure Appl Microbiol. 2015;9:1611\u20139."},{"key":"7182_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andiappan H, Nissapatorn V, Sawangjaroen N, Chemoh W, Lau YL, Kumar T, Onichandran S, Suwanrath C, Chandeying V. Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women: A current status in Songklanagarind hospital southern Thailand. Parasites Vectors. 2014;7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-3305-7-239.","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-239"},{"key":"7182_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andiappan H, Nissapatorn V, Sawangjaroen N, Nyunt MH, Lau YL, Khaing SL, Aye KM, Mon NC, Tan TC, Kumar T, Onichandran S, bin Mat Adenan NA. Comparative study on Toxoplasma infection between Malaysian and Myanmar pregnant women. Parasites Vectors. 2014;7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-014-0564-9.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0564-9"},{"key":"7182_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Antinarelli LMR, Silva MR, Guimar\u00e3es RJPSE, Terror MS, Lima PE, Ishii JSC, Muniz PF, Coimbra ES. Rural residence remains a risk factor for Toxoplasma infection among pregnant women in a highly urbanized Brazilian area: A robust cross-sectional study. Transact Royal Soc Trop Med Hygiene. 2021;115:896\u2013903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/trstmh\/traa153.","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/traa153"},{"key":"7182_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Asthana SP, Macpherson CN, Weiss SH, Stephens R, Denny TN, Sharma RN, Dubey JP. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women and cats in Grenada West Indies. J Parasitol. 2006;92:644\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1645\/GE-762R.1.","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-762R.1"},{"key":"7182_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Atakorah EA, Afranie BO, Addy KD, Sarfo AD, Okyere BA. Assessment of intestinal and blood protozoan infections among pregnant women visiting ante-natal care at Tafo Hospital Ghana. Heliyon. 2022;8:e09968. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09968.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09968"},{"key":"7182_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Awoke K, Nibret E, Munshea A. Sero-prevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital northwest Ethiopia. Asian Pacific J Trop Med. 2015;8:549\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apjtm.2015.06.014.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2015.06.014"},{"key":"7182_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aynioglu A, Aynioglu O, Altunok ES. Seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii rubella and cytomegalovirus among pregnant females in North-Western Turkey. Acta Clinica Belgica: Int J Clin Lab Med. 2015;70:321\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/2295333715Y.0000000021.","DOI":"10.1179\/2295333715Y.0000000021"},{"key":"7182_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baghel S, Inamda SA. Torch infection and its influence on high-risk pregnancy. J South Asian Feder Obstetr Gynaecol. 2020;12:376\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5005\/jp-journals-10006-1840.","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10006-1840"},{"key":"7182_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barbosa IR, de Carvalho Xavier Holanda CM, de Andrade-Neto VF. Toxoplasmosis screening and risk factors amongst pregnant females in Natal northeastern Brazil. Transact Royal Soc Trop Med Hygiene. 2009;103:377\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.11.025.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.11.025"},{"key":"7182_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bassiouny HK, Soliman NK, Tawab SE, Eassa SM, Eissa, A. Sero-prevalence and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in Alexandria Egypt. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstetr Gynecol. 2016;5:4220\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20164318.","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20164318"},{"key":"7182_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bjerke SE, Vangen S, Holter E, Stray-Pedersen B. Infectious immune status in an obstetric population of Pakistani immigrants in Norway. Scand J Publ Health. 2011;39:464\u201370.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1403494811399653.","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811399653"},{"key":"7182_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chandrasena N, Herath R, Rupasinghe N, Samarasinghe B, Samaranayake H, Kastuririratne A, de Silva NR. Toxoplasmosis awareness seroprevalence and risk behavior among pregnant women in the Gampaha district Sri Lanka. Pathog Glob Health. 2016;110:62\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20477724.2016.1173325.","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2016.1173325"},{"key":"7182_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Costa GB, De Oliveira MC, Gadelha SR, Albuquerque GR, Teixeira M, Raiol MRDS, Sousa SMB, Marin LJ. Infectious diseases during pregnancy in Brazil: Seroprevalence and risk factors. J Infect Dev Countr. 2018;12:657\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.9492.","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.9492"},{"key":"7182_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cvetkovi\u0107 D, Bobi\u0107 B, Jankovska G, Klun I, Panovski N, Djurkovi\u0107-Djakovi\u0107 O. Risk factors for toxoplasma infection in pregnant women in FYR of Macedonia. Parasite. 2010;17:183\u20136.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2010173183.","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2010173183"},{"key":"7182_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rocha \u00c9M, Lopes CW, Ramos RA, Alves LC. Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women from the State of Tocantins Northern Brazil. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Med Trop. 2015;48:773\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0037-8682-0074-2015.","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0074-2015"},{"key":"7182_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"De Paschale M, Agrappi C, Clerici P, Mirri P, Manco MT, Cavallari S, Vigan\u00f2 EF. Seroprevalence and incidence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the Legnano area of Italy. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2008;14:186\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01883.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01883.x"},{"key":"7182_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"De Paschale M, Ceriani C, Cerulli T, Cagnin D, Cavallari S, Cianflone A, Diombo K, Ndayak\u00e9 J, Aouanou G, Zaongo D, Priuli G, Vigan\u00f2 P, Clerici P. Antenatal screening for Toxoplasma gondii Cytomegalovirus rubella and Treponema pallidum infections in northern Benin. Trop Med Int Health. 2014;19:743\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tmi.12296.","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12296"},{"key":"7182_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"de Quadros RM, da Rocha GC, Romagna G, de Oliveira JP, Ribeiro DM, Marques SM. Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and risk factors in pregnant women followed up by the Family Health Strategy. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical. 2015;48:338\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0037-8682-0233-2014.","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0233-2014"},{"key":"7182_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deka S, Kalita D, Paul M, Badoni G, Mathuria YP. Seroprevalence and Determinants of ToRCH Pathogens in Pregnant Women in the Sub-Himalayan Region. Cureus. 2022;14:e21946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.21946.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.21946"},{"key":"7182_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Duarte PO, Oshiro LM, Zimmermann NP, Csordas BG, Dourado DM, Barros JC, Andreotti R. Serological and molecular detection of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in human umbilical cord blood and placental tissue samples. Sci Rep. 2020;10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-65991-1.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65991-1"},{"key":"7182_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dwinata IM, Sutarga IM, Damriyasa IM. The potential risk factors for toxoplasmosis in balinese pregnant women-indonesia. Bali Med J. 2017;5:116\u20138.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15562\/bmj.v5i1.277.","DOI":"10.15562\/bmj.v5i1.277"},{"key":"7182_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"El Deeb HK, Salah-Eldin H, Khodeer S, Allah AA. Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in antenatal population in Menoufia governorate Egypt. Acta Tropica. 2012;124:185\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.08.005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.08.005"},{"key":"7182_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2008.06.002","volume":"122","author":"HM Elsheikha","year":"2008","unstructured":"Elsheikha HM. Safer food for pregnant women: Practices and risks. Public Health. 2008;122:1407\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2008.06.002.","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"7182_CR59","unstructured":"Endris M, Belyhun Y, Moges F, Adefiris M, Tekeste Z, Mulu A, Kassu A. Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii in Pregnant Women Attending in Northwest Ethiopia. Iran J Parasitol. 2014;9:407\u201314."},{"key":"7182_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eshratkhah Mohammadnejad A, Eslami G, Shamsi F, Pirnejad A, Samie A, Safabakhsh J, Sakhavand A, Elloumi M. Prevalence of food-borne Toxoplasma in pregnant women population of Urmia Iran. J Food Qual Hazards Contr. 2018;5:17\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29252\/jfqhc.5.1.17.","DOI":"10.29252\/jfqhc.5.1.17"},{"key":"7182_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fenta DA. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized and Yirgalem General Hospitals in Southern Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4694-8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4694-8"},{"key":"7182_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Findal G, Barlinn R, Sandven I, Stray-Pedersen B, Nordb\u00f8 SA, Samdal HH, Vainio K, Dudman SG, Jenum PA. Toxoplasma prevalence among pregnant women in Norway: a cross-sectional study. Apmis. 2015;123:321\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apm.12354.","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12354"},{"key":"7182_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Flores C, Villalobos-Cerrud D, Borace J, F\u00e1brega L, Norero X, S\u00e1ez-Llorens X, Moreno MT, Restrepo CM, Llanes A, Quijada RM, Ladr\u00f3n De Guevara M, Guzm\u00e1n G, de la Guardia V, Garc\u00eda A, Lucero MF, Wong D, Mcleod R, Soberon M, Caballero EZ. Epidemiological aspects of maternal and congenital toxoplasmosis in panama. Pathogens. 2021;10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens10060764.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10060764"},{"key":"7182_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fonseca AL, Silva RA, Fux B, Madureira AP, Sousa FF, Margonari C. Epidemiologic aspects of toxoplasmosis and evaluation of its seroprevalence in pregnant women. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2012;45:357\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0037-86822012000300015.","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822012000300015"},{"key":"7182_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Frimpong C, Makasa M, Sitali L, Michelo C. Seroprevalence and determinants of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the university teaching hospital Lusaka Zambia. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-016-2133-7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-2133-7"},{"key":"7182_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garedaghi Y, Firozivand Y. Assessment of pregnant women toxoplasmosis by ELISA method in Miandoab city Iran. Int J Women's Health Reprod Sci. 2017;5:72\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15296\/ijwhr.2017.13.","DOI":"10.15296\/ijwhr.2017.13"},{"key":"7182_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gelaye W, Kebede T, Hailu A. High prevalence of anti-toxoplasma antibodies and absence of Toxoplasma gondii infection risk factors among pregnant women attending routine antenatal care in two Hospitals of Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Int J Infect Dis. 2015;34:41\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.03.005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.03.005"},{"key":"7182_CR68","unstructured":"Hajsoleimani F, Ataeian A, Nourian A, Mazloomzadeh S. Seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women and bioassay of IgM positive cases in Zanjan Northwest of Iran. Iranian J Parasitol. 2012;7:82\u20136."},{"key":"7182_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hansu K, \u00d6zdemir H, Hansu \u0130, \u00c7\u0131k\u0131m G, Tok A. Comparison of the toxoplasma seroprevalence rates in Syrian refugee pregnant women and Turkish pregnant women. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2021;45:247\u201351.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/tpd.galenos.2021.36855.","DOI":"10.4274\/tpd.galenos.2021.36855"},{"key":"7182_CR70","unstructured":"Hariri S, Heidari Z, Habibzadeh S, Shahbazzadegan S. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women in Ardabil Iran (2021\u20132022). Iran J Parasitol. 2023;18:93\u20139."},{"key":"7182_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hassanain NA, Shaapan RM, Hafez Hassanain MA. Associated antenatal health risk factors with incidence of toxoplasmosis in egyptian pregnant women. Pakistan J Biol Sci. 2018;21:463\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3923\/pjbs.2018.463.468.","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2018.463.468"},{"key":"7182_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hosseini SA, Sharif M, Sarvi S, Mirzaei N, Abediankenari S, Arefkhah N, Amouei A, Gholami S, Anvari D, Ahmadpour E, Javidnia J, Jafar-Ramaji T, Daryani A. Identification and multilocus genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from congenital infection in north of Iran. Parasitol Res. 2023;122:177\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-022-07714-1.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-022-07714-1"},{"key":"7182_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hung CC, Fan CK, Su KE, Sung FC, Chiou HY, Gil V, da Conceicao dos Reis Ferreira M, de Carvalho JM, Cruz C, Lin YK, Tseng LF, Sao KY, Chang WC, Lan HS, Chou SH. Serological screening and toxoplasmosis exposure factors among pregnant women in the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe. Transact Royal Soc Trop Med Hygiene. 2007;101:134\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.04.012.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.04.012"},{"key":"7182_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hung CS, Su HW, Lee YL, Weng HW, Wang YC, Naito T, Tsubouchi A, Wang GC, Fan CK. Seroprevalence Seroconversion and Risk Factors for toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in Taipei Taiwan. Japanese J Infect Dis. 2015;68:312\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2014.263.","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2014.263"},{"key":"7182_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ijaz T. Ijaz S,Afzal M, Ijaz N. Serological detection of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Lahore Pakistan. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;101:419.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.1099.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.1099"},{"key":"7182_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47260-0","volume":"56","author":"KN Iqbal Jamshaid","year":"2007","unstructured":"Iqbal Jamshaid KN. Detection of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection in early pregnancy by IgG avidity and PCR analysis. J Med Microbiol. 2007;56:1495\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.47260-0.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"7182_CR77","unstructured":"Jahantigh F, Rasekh M, Ganjali M, Sarani A. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii infection among pregnant women and small ruminant populations in Sistan Region Iran. Iranian Vet Med. 2020;14:239\u201350."},{"key":"7182_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jiang RL, Ma LH, Ma ZR, Hou G, Zhao Q, Wu X. Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii among Manchu pregnant women in northeastern China. Microbial Pathogene. 2018;123:398\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.07.041.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.07.041"},{"key":"7182_CR79","unstructured":"Jula J, Girones G, Edao B, Deme C, Cebrian J, Butr\u00f3n L, Reyes F, Ramos JM. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women attending antenatal care in southern Ethiopia. Rev Esp Quimioter. 2018;31:363\u20136."},{"key":"7182_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Karabulut A, Polat Y, Turk M, Isik Balci Y. Evaluation of rubella Toxoplasma gondii and cytomegalovirus seroprevalences among pregnant women in Denizli province. Turk J Med Sci. 2011;41:159\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3906\/sag-1001-568.","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1001-568"},{"key":"7182_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kassie E, Kebede N, Kassa T, Garoma A, Girma M, Asnake Y, Alemu A, Degu S, Tsigie M. Seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women at Debre Markos Referral Hospital northwest Ethiopia. Transact Royal Soc Trop Med Hygiene. 2024;118:61\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/trstmh\/trad053.","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trad053"},{"key":"7182_CR82","unstructured":"Kaur R, Gupta N, Nair D, Kakkar M, Mathur MD. Screening for TORCH infections in pregnant women: a report from Delhi. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1999;30:284\u20136."},{"key":"7182_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khademi SZ, Ghaffarifar F, Dalimi A, Davoodian P, Abdoli A. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Hormozgan Province South of Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2019;14:167\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/ijpa.v14i1.732.","DOI":"10.18502\/ijpa.v14i1.732"},{"key":"7182_CR84","unstructured":"Khames M, Sihem S, Hizia H, Nguewa P. High toxoplasmosis seroprevalence among young pregnant women in Medea Algeria. Ann Parasitol. 2020;66:509\u201315."},{"key":"7182_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kledmanee K, Liabsuetrakul T, Sretrirutchai S. Seropositivities against brucellosis coxiellosis and toxoplasmosis and associated factors in pregnant women with adverse pregnancy outcomes: A cross-sectional study. PloS one. 2019;14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0216652.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216652"},{"key":"7182_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Linguissi LS, Nagalo BM, Bisseye C, Kagon\u00e9 TS, Sanou M, Tao I, Benao V, Simpor\u00e9 J, Kon\u00e9 B. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and rubella in pregnant women attending antenatal private clinic at Ouagadougou Burkina Faso. Asian Pacific J Trop Med. 2012;5:810\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1995-7645(12)60148-5.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(12)60148-5"},{"key":"7182_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu Q, Wei F, Gao S, Jiang L, Lian H, Yuan B, Yuan Z, Xia Z, Liu B, Xu X, Zhu XQ. Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in China. Transact Roy Soc Trop Med Hygiene. 2009;103:162\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.07.008.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.07.008"},{"key":"7182_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lopes-Mori FM, Mitsuka-Bregan\u00f3 R, Bittencourt LH, Dias RC, Gon\u00e7alves DD, Capobiango JD, Reiche EM, Morimoto HK, Freire RL, Navarro IT. Gestational toxoplasmosis in Paran\u00e1 State Brazil: prevalence of IgG antibodies and associated risk factors. Braz J Infect Dis. 2013;17:405\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.12.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.12.003"},{"key":"7182_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mahdy MA, Alareqi LM, Abdul-Ghani R, Al-Eryani SM, Al-Mikhlafy AA, Al-Mekhlafi AM, Alkarshy F, Mahmud R. A community-based survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in rural areas of Taiz governorate Yemen: The risk of waterborne transmission. Infect Dis Poverty. 2017;6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40249-017-0243-0.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-017-0243-0"},{"key":"7182_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Majida A, Khanb S, Janb AH, Taibc M, Ijaz Alie MA, Niaz Khan SH. Chronic toxoplasmosis and possible risk factors associated with pregnant women in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Biotechnol Biotechnological Equipment. 2016;30:733\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13102818.2016.1175966.","DOI":"10.1080\/13102818.2016.1175966"},{"key":"7182_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Markovi\u0107-Deni\u0107 L, Stopi\u0107 M, Bobi\u0107 B, Nikoli\u0107 V, Djilas I, Srzenti\u0107 SJ, \u0160tajner T. Factors Associated with toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study in Belgrade Serbia. Pathogens. 2023;12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens12101240.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12101240"},{"key":"7182_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohamed K, Bahathiq AO, Degnah N, Basuni S, Mahdi AB, Malki AA, Babalghith AO. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Makkah Al Mukarramah Saudi Arabia. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2016;6:113\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2222-1808(15)60995-1.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(15)60995-1"},{"key":"7182_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mosawi SH, Zarghona Z, Dalimi A, Jokelainen P, Safa AH, Mohammadi MR, Javanmardi E, Basirat MB. Particularly neglected in countries with other challenges: High Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in pregnant women in Kabul Afghanistan while a low proportion know about the parasite. PloS one. 2019;14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0223585.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223585"},{"key":"7182_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Motoi S, Navolan DB, Malita D, Ciohat I, Nemescu D, Manciuc C, Gorun F, Vilibic-Cavlek T, Boda D, Craina M, Dobrescu A. A decreasing trend in toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence among pregnant women in Romania - results of a large scale study. Exper Therapeut Med. 2020;20:3536\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2020.9012.","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.9012"},{"key":"7182_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murad M. A ESH. Detection of toxoplasmosis in association with autoimmune thyroid disease during pregnancy in Duhok Iraq. J Pure Appl Microbiol. 2023;17:799\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22207\/JPAM.17.2.05.","DOI":"10.22207\/JPAM.17.2.05"},{"key":"7182_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murad MA, Eassa SH. Potential role of latent toxoplasmosis in inducing thyroid disorders with relevance to autoimmune thyroid disease and interleukin-33 level during pregnancy. Int J One Health. 2023;9:43\u20138.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14202\/IJOH.2023.43-48.","DOI":"10.14202\/IJOH.2023.43-48"},{"key":"7182_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mwambe B, Mshana SE, Kidenya BR, Massinde AN, Mazigo HD, Michael D, Majinge C, Gro\u00df U. Sero-prevalence and factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Mwanza Tanzania. Parasit Vectors. 2013;6:222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-3305-6-222.","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-222"},{"key":"7182_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nasir IA, Aderinsayo AH, Mele HU, Aliyu MM. Prevalence and associated risk factors of toxoplasma gondii antibodies among pregnant women attending maiduguri teaching hospital Nigeria. J Med Sci (Faisalabad). 2015;15:147\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3923\/jms.2015.147.154.","DOI":"10.3923\/jms.2015.147.154"},{"key":"7182_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ndumbe PM, Andela A, Nkemnkeng-Asong J, Watonsi E, Nyambi P. Prevalence of infections affecting the child among pregnant women in Yaounde Cameroon. Med Microbiol Immunol. 1992;181:127\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00202052.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00202052"},{"key":"7182_CR100","unstructured":"Nijem KI, Al-Amleh S. Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Hebron district Palestine. Eastern Mediterranean Health J. 2009;15:1278\u201384."},{"key":"7182_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nissapatorn V, Noor Azmi MA, Cho SM, Fong MY, Init I, Rohela M, Khairul Anuar A, Quek KF, Latt HM. Toxoplasmosis: Prevalence and risk factors. J Obstetr Gynaecol. 2003;23:618\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01443610310001604376.","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610310001604376"},{"key":"7182_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Njunda AL, Nsagha DS, Assob JN, Kamga HF, Tafili RT, Achidi EA. Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women attending the University Teaching Hospital in Yaounde Cameroon. Int J Health Res. 2011;4:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/ijhr.v4i1.70429.","DOI":"10.4314\/ijhr.v4i1.70429"},{"key":"7182_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Njunda AL, Assob JC, Nsagha DS, Kamga HL, Nde PF, Yugah VC. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in Cameroon. J Publ Health Africa. 2011;2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphia.2011.e24.","DOI":"10.4081\/jphia.2011.e24"},{"key":"7182_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nowakowska D, Stray-Pedersen B, Spiewak E, Sobala W, Ma\u0142afiej E, Wilczy\u0144ski J. Prevalence and estimated incidence of Toxoplasma infection among pregnant women in Poland: a decreasing trend in the younger population. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006;12:913\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01513.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01513.x"},{"key":"7182_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ocak S, Zeteroglu S, Ozer C, Dolapcioglu K, Gungoren A. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii rubella and cytomegalovirus among pregnant women in southern Turkey. Scand J Infect Dis. 2007;39:231\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365540600978880.","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540600978880"},{"key":"7182_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Olariu TR, Ursoniu S, Hotea I, Dumitrascu V, Anastasiu D, Lupu MA. Seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant Women from Western Romania. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2020;20:763\u20137.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2019.2599.","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2019.2599"},{"key":"7182_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oliveira GMS, Sim\u00f5es JM, Schaer RE, Freire SM, Nascimento RJM, Pinheiro AMCM, Carvalho SMS, Mariano APM, Carvalho RC, Munhoz AD. Frequency and factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women and their pets in Ilh\u00e9us Bahia Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2019;52:e20190250.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0037-8682-0250-2019.","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0250-2019"},{"key":"7182_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ouermi D, Simpore J, Belem AM, Sanou DS, Karou DS, Ilboudo D, Bisseye C, Onadja SM, Pietra V, Pignatelli S, Gnoula C, Nikiema JB, Kabre GB. Co-Infection of Toxoplasma gondii with HBV in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Pregnant Women in Burkina Faso. Pak J Biol Sci. 2009;12:1188\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3923\/pjbs.2009.1188.1193.","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2009.1188.1193"},{"key":"7182_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oyinloye SO, Igila-Atsibee M, Ajayi B, Lawan MA. Serological screening for ante-natal toxoplasmosis in Maiduguri Municipal Council Borno State Nigeria. Afr J Clin Exper Microbiol. 2014;15:91\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/ajcem.v15i2.6.","DOI":"10.4314\/ajcem.v15i2.6"},{"key":"7182_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pereira ELGM, Ferreira IB, Victorino RB, Lescano SAZ, Giuffrida R, Kmetiuk LB, Biondo AW, Santar\u00e9m VA. Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. co-infection in pregnant women in low-income areas of Brazil. Front Publ Health. 2024;12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1340434.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1340434"},{"key":"7182_CR111","unstructured":"Qamer S, Rizvi SSR, Raoof S, Kamal SM, Khan S. Sero-prevalence of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women attending an ante-natal clinic at a teaching hospital in al Kharj Saudi Arabia. Trop Biomed. 2020;37:186\u201393."},{"key":"7182_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0074-2015","volume":"48","author":"\u00c9M Rocha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rocha \u00c9M, Lopes CW, Ramos RA, Alves LC. Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women from the State of Tocantins Northern Brazil. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical. 2015;48:773\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0037-8682-0074-2015.","journal-title":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical."},{"key":"7182_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.504","volume":"78","author":"F Rosso","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rosso F, Les JT, Agudelo A, Villalobos C, Chaves JA, Tunubala GA, Messa A, Remington JS, Montoya JG. Prevalence of infection with Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women in Cali Colombia South America. Am J Trop Med Hygiene. 2008;78:504\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.504.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hygiene."},{"key":"7182_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05486-11","volume":"19","author":"M Sakikawa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sakikawa M, Noda S, Hanaoka M, Nakayama H, Hojo S, Kakinoki S, Nakata M, Yasuda T, Ikenoue T, Kojima T. Anti-Toxoplasma antibody prevalence primary infection rate and risk factors in a study of toxoplasmosis in 4466 pregnant women in Japan. Clin Vacc Immunol. 2012;19:365\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CVI.05486-11.","journal-title":"Clin Vacc Immunol."},{"key":"7182_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Salih Huda A. Prevalence of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in Najaf city. Kufa J Vet Med Sci. 2010;1:101108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36326\/kjvs\/2010\/v1i14222.","DOI":"10.36326\/kjvs\/2010\/v1i14222"},{"key":"7182_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sandoval-Carrillo AA, V\u00e9rtiz-Hern\u00e1ndez AA, Salas-Pacheco JM, Gonz\u00e1lez-Lugo OE, Antuna-Salcido EI, Salas-Pacheco SM, S\u00e1nchez-Anguiano LF, M\u00e9ndez-Hern\u00e1ndez EM, Hern\u00e1ndez-Tinoco J, Castellanos-Ju\u00e1rez FX, La-Llave-Le\u00f3n O, Alvarado-Esquivel C. Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study in Matehuala City Mexico. BMJ open. 2020;10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033995.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033995"},{"key":"7182_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X16000481","volume":"91","author":"PC Santos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Santos PC, Telmo PL, Lehmann LM, Mattos GT, Klafke GB, Lorenzi C, Hirsch C, Lemos L, Berne MEA, Gon\u00e7alves CV, Scaini CJ. Risk and other factors associated with toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis in pregnant women from southern Brazil. J Helminthol. 2017;91:534\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0022149X16000481.","journal-title":"J Helminthol."},{"key":"7182_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2012\/4550.2538","volume":"6","author":"MR Sen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sen MR, Shukla BN, Tuhina B. Prevalence of serum antibodies to TORCH infection in and around Varanasi North India. J Clin Diagnost Res. 2012;6:1483\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7860\/JCDR\/2012\/4550.2538.","journal-title":"J Clin Diagnost Res."},{"key":"7182_CR119","first-page":"181","volume":"9","author":"M Sharbatkhori","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sharbatkhori M, Dadi Moghaddam Y, Pagheh AS, Mohammadi R, Hedayat Mofidi H, Shojaee S. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infections in pregnant women in Gorgan City Golestan Province Northern Iran-2012. Iran J Parasitol. 2014;9:181\u20137.","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol."},{"key":"7182_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Silva-D\u00edaz H, Arriaga-Deza EV, Failoc-Rojas VE, Alarc\u00f3n-Flores YR, Rojas-Rojas SY, Becerra-Guti\u00e9rrez LK, Mera-Villasis KM, Aguilar-Gamboa FR, Silva-Garc\u00eda T. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and its associated factors among hospital and community populations in Lambayeque Peru. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical. 2020;53.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0037-8682-0164-2019.","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0164-2019"},{"key":"7182_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6670219","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6670219","volume":"2021","author":"B Singh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh B, Debrah LB, Acheampong G, Debrah AY. Seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in Kumasi: a cross-sectional study at a District-Level Hospital Ghana. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2021;2021:6670219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6670219.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"7182_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sirin MC, Agus N, Yilmaz N, Bayram A, Derici YK, Samlioglu P, Hanci SY, Dogan G. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Rubella virus and Cytomegalovirus among pregnant women and the importance of avidity assays. Saudi Med J. 2017;38:727\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15537\/smj.2017.7.18182.","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2017.7.18182"},{"key":"7182_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652010000600002","volume":"52","author":"SP Sitoe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sitoe SP, Rafael B, Meireles LR, Andrade HF Jr, Thompson R. Preliminary report of HIV and Toxoplasma gondii occurrence in pregnant women from Mozambique. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S\u00e3o Paulo. 2010;52:291\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0036-46652010000600002.","journal-title":"Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S\u00e3o Paulo."},{"key":"7182_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.10-0082","volume":"83","author":"S Sroka","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sroka S, Bartelheimer N, Winter A, Heukelbach J, Ariza L, Ribeiro H, Oliveira FA, Queiroz AJ, Alencar C Jr, Liesenfeld O. Prevalence and risk factors of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in Fortaleza Northeastern Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hygiene. 2010;83:528\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.10-0082.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hygiene."},{"key":"7182_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tamer GS, Dundar D, Caliskan E. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii rubella and cytomegalovirus among pregnant women in western region of Turkey. Clin Inv Med. 2009;32:E43-E7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25011\/cim.v32i1.5086.","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v32i1.5086"},{"key":"7182_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Teweldemedhin M, Gebremichael A, Geberkirstos G, Hadush H, Gebrewahid T, Asgedom SW, Gidey B, Asres N, Gebreyesus H. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women in Adwa district northern Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3936-0.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3936-0"},{"key":"7182_CR127","unstructured":"Uysal A, C\u00fcce M, Ta\u00f1er CE, Uysal F, Atalay S, G\u00f6l B, K\u00f6se S. Prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis among a series of Turkish women. Prevalencia de toxoplasmosis cong\u00e9nita en una serie de mujeres en Turqu\u00eda. 2013;141:471\u20136."},{"key":"7182_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0999","volume":"97","author":"BJD van Enter","year":"2017","unstructured":"van Enter BJD, Lau YL, Ling CL, Watthanaworawit W, Sukthana Y, Lee WC, Nosten F, McGready R. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Refugee and Migrant Pregnant Women along the Thailand-Myanmar Border. American J Trop Med Hygiene. 2017;97:232\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0999.","journal-title":"American J Trop Med Hygiene."},{"key":"7182_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vueba AN, Faria CP, Almendra R, Santana P, Sousa MDC. Serological prevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Luanda (Angola): Geospatial distribution and its association with socio-demographic and clinical-obstetric determinants. PloS one. 2020;15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0241908.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241908"},{"key":"7182_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yasmeen A, Prasad SR, Sheela SR, Krishnappa J. Screening of pregnant women for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies and their newborn for vertical transmission. J Clin Diagnost Res. 2017;11:DC04-DC7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7860\/JCDR\/2017\/28231.10742.","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2017\/28231.10742"},{"key":"7182_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zemene E, Yewhalaw D, Abera S, Belay T, Samuel A, Zeynudin A. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Jimma town Southwestern Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 2012;12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-12-337.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-337"},{"key":"7182_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lushina M, Mushi V, Tarimo D, Babafemi E. Seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Ilala Municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. East African Health Res J. 2023;5(1):29\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24248\/easci.v5i1.73.","DOI":"10.24248\/easci.v5i1.73"},{"key":"7182_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murebwayire E, Njanaake K, Ngabonziza JCS, Jaoko W, Njunwa KJ. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Kigali, Rwanda. Tanzania Journal of Health Research. 2017;19(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/thrb.v19i1.2.","DOI":"10.4314\/thrb.v19i1.2"},{"key":"7182_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nadia NAC, Nino LG, C\u00e9dric Y, Raoul SNS, Christian NO, Esther DD, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies and associated risk factors among pregnant women consulted in three health centers in Dschang, Cameroon. Parasite Epidemiol Contr. 2023;22:e00306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parepi.2023.e00306.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2023.e00306"},{"key":"7182_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Negero J, Yohannes M, Woldemichael K, Tegegne D. Seroprevalence and potential risk factors of T. gondii infection in pregnant women attending antenatal care at Bonga Hospital, Southwestern Ethiopia. Int J Infect Dis. 2017;57:44\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.01.013.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.01.013"},{"issue":"1","key":"7182_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-018-0122-9","volume":"46","author":"E Paul","year":"2018","unstructured":"Paul E, Kiwelu I, Mmbaga B, Nazareth R, Sabuni E, Maro A, et al. Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Northern Tanzania. Trop Med Health. 2018;46(1):39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41182-018-0122-9.","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"7182_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.19045\/bspab.2017.600139","volume":"6","author":"N Shah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shah N, Khan A, Khisroon M, Adnan M, Jawad SM. Seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women of district Swabi. Pure Appl Biol (PAB). 2017;6(4):1306\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19045\/bspab.2017.600139.","journal-title":"Pure Appl Biol (PAB)."},{"issue":"2","key":"7182_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2005.43.2.69","volume":"43","author":"K-J Song","year":"2005","unstructured":"Song K-J, Shin J-C, Shin H-J, Nam H-W. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Korean pregnant women. Korean J Parasitol. 2005;43(2):69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3347\/kjp.2005.43.2.69.","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7182_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8010003","volume":"8","author":"M Deganich","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deganich M, Boudreaux C, Benmerzouga I. Toxoplasmosis Infection during Pregnancy. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2022;8(1):3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed8010003.","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12884-025-07182-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12884-025-07182-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12884-025-07182-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T09:53:49Z","timestamp":1738230829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12884-025-07182-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"references-count":139,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7182"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-025-07182-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2393"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2393","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"90"}}